Adolphe Guillaumat
Marie Louis Adolphe Guillaumat (born January 4, 1863 in Bourgneuf , Charente-Maritime , † May 18, 1940 in Nantes ) was a Général d'armée during the First World War , then commander in chief of the Allied occupation forces in Germany.
family
Adolphe Guillaumat married Louise Bibent from Toulouse on July 17, 1906 . He had two sons, Louis, who became an ophthalmologist , and Pierre , who became the first defense minister of the Fifth Republic and was the founder of the Elf Aquitaine company . Adolphe Guillaumat was a practicing Catholic and an admirer of Frédéric Bastiat .
Military career
Adolphe Guillaumat received his training at the military academy Saint-Cyr , which he in 1884 as Sous lieutenant left to go to 65 e régiment d'infantry in Nantes offset to be. Further career stations were overseas ( Algeria, Tunisia , Tonkin , China ), in October 1913 he was promoted to Général de brigade .
At the beginning of the First World War he was head of the military cabinet of War Minister Adolphe Messimy . When Messimy was replaced, Guillaumat was appointed commander of the 33rd Infantry Division on August 30, 1914 and the 4th Infantry Division on December 9, 1914. He led the 1st Army Corps from February 25, 1915 , and from December 15, 1916 he replaced Robert Nivelle as commander of the 2nd Army .
In December 1917 he was sent to the Macedonian front as commander of the French armed forces , where he replaced General Maurice Sarrail in this role. First he had to repair the relations with the other allies that had been damaged by his predecessor . Guillaumat was ordered back to Paris on June 17, 1918.
There he replaced Auguste Dubail as military governor of Paris , which was threatened by the German breakthrough to the Marne. On October 7th, he took over as commander of the 5th Army in the Ardennes, which he led until the armistice .
After the war he was appointed inspector general of the army and in 1920 appointed to the Conseil supérieur de la Guerre . From October 1924 he acted as commander in chief of the French occupation forces in Germany. As in 1925, the Commission for National Defense (Commission de Défense du Territoire) was repealed, was under his presidency as a new organization, the Commission of the border defense (Commission de Défense des Frontières) that the determination of the exact location and stage of the Maginot Line was aimed . A ministerial decree of September 30, 1927 set up the Commission d'Organisation des Régions Fortifiées (CORF), which initially worked under the chairmanship of Guillaumat.
Guillaumat was also Minister of War for a short time (June 23 to July 19, 1926) in the government of Prime Minister Aristide Briand (who was once a class above him at the Nantes Lyceum).
Web links
- Adolphe Guillaumat in the online version of the Reich Chancellery Edition Files. Weimar Republic
Individual evidence
- Jump up ↑ Spencer C. Tucker, Priscilla Mary Roberts: The Encyclopedia of World War I. ABC-Clio, Santa Barbara 2005, ISBN 1-576-07999-6 , p. 525. (online)
- ↑ cheminsdememoire.gouv.fr
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Guillaumat, Adolphe |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Guillaumat, Marie Louis Adolphe (real name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French general during the First World War, then Supreme Commander of the Allied occupation forces in Germany |
| DATE OF BIRTH | January 4, 1863 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Bourgneuf |
| DATE OF DEATH | May 18, 1940 |
| Place of death | Nantes |