44 e régiment d'infantry

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Mazarin Régiment-Italy
Régiment d'Anjou-Étranger
Régiment d'Orléans
44 e régiment d'infanterie

Insignia Insigne régimentaire du 44e Régiment d'Infanterie, ORLEANS.jpg

Internal association badge
Lineup 1642
Country Armoiries république française.svg France
Armed forces Flag of France.svg French armed forces
Armed forces Flag of France.svg Armée française de terre
Branch of service enlightenment
Type Staff Support Regiment
Location Paris
Nickname "As de Pique"
Patron saint Saint-Maurice d'Agaune
motto Toujours unis

The 44 e régiment d'infanterie ( 44 e RI ) is an association of the French foreign intelligence. The regiment distinguished itself from its formation in all wars with French participation up to the Algerian war . Although it continues its name for reasons of tradition, as a staff support regiment it is no longer part of the combat troops; it provides the military personnel for the Direction Générale de la Sécurité Extérieure (DGSE, Directorate General for Foreign Reconnaissance).

Before regiment numbering was introduced on January 1, 1791, it was last named Régiment d'Orléans in the royal French army .

With the Caporal Jules-André Peugeot , the regiment had to record the first French fallen in the First World War.

Lineup and significant changes

  • 1642: Cardinal Mazarin sets up a regiment of Italian mercenaries
  • July 11, 1645: The regiment was officially enrolled in the French army, Cardinal Mazarin was made a Colonel, and it was named Régiment Mazarin-Italy
  • April 24, 1651: Renamed the Régiment d'Anjou-Étranger
  • April 12, 1660: Renamed the Régiment d'Orléans
  • November 14, 1691: Six companies had to be surrendered to form the Régiment de Chartres .
  • January 1, 1791: renamed 44 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne
  • 1793: First army reform . The regiment was the one he battalion "ex Orléans" to 87 e demi-brigade de Bataille and 2 e battalion "ex Orléans" to 88 e demi-brigade de bataille off. This ended the regimental association and the line of tradition.
  • 1803: Renaming of the "44 e demi-brigade d'infanterie de ligne" to 44 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne (de facto continuation of the regiment tradition)
  • 1914: When mobilizing , it set up its reserve regiment , the "244 e régiment d'infanterie"
  • 1986: Conversion into a staff support regiment for the "Direction Générale de la Sécurité Extérieure" (DGSE)

Mestres de camp / Colonels

Mestre de camp was from 1569 to 1661 and from 1730 to 1780 the denomination of rank for the regiment holder and / or for the officer in charge of the regiment. The name "Colonel" was used from 1721 to 1730, from 1791 to 1793 and from 1803 onwards.

After 1791 there were no more regimental owners.

Should the Mestre de camp / Colonel be a person of the high nobility who had no interest in leading the regiment (such as the king or queen), the command was given to the "Mestre de camp lieutenant" (or “Mestre de camp en second”) or the “Colonel-lieutenant” or “Colonel en second”.

Ancien Régime

  • May 7, 1642: César, comte degli Oddi
  • June 5, 1645: Nicolas-Jules, marquis Buffalini
  • December 20, 1647: Louis-Gausselin, comte d'Anisy
  • 1665: Marquis de Beaufort
  • April 16, 1774: Simon-François du Caylar de Totras, marquis d'Aubijoux
  • November 9, 1678: Jean-Baptiste, comte de Clermont Tonnerre
  • July 20, 1684: Claude-Alexis, comte de Bailleul
  • July 25, 1699: Louis-Antoine, marquis de Branquas
  • January 1, 1706: Joseph de Lesquen, marquis de La Villemeneust
  • November 20, 1722: Le Clerc, marquis de Juigné (killed in the battle of Guastalla )
  • October 3, 1734: Louis-Georges, comte de Clermont-Gallerande
  • March 6, 1743: Henri, comte de Bourdeilles
  • April 7, 1746: Charles-Auguste de La Cour, comte de Baleroy
  • April 29, 1757: Charles-Olive-Floris Campet, comte de Saujon
  • March 14, 1758: Gilbert de Chauvigny, comte de Blot
  • November 30, 1761: Anne-André-Marie de Crussol, comte de Montausier
  • June 23, 1775: Augustin-Jean-Louis-Antoine du Prat, comte de Barbacon
  • January 1, 1784: Jacques-Anne-Joseph Le Prestre, comte de Vauban
  • July 25, 1791: Charles de La Chataignerate de Sainte-Foix de Chateignier
  • June 10, 1792: Jean-Charles Gerboult de Lagrange

Revolution and Empire

  • 1803: Colonel Adrien Joseph Saudeur
  • 1806: Colonel Jacques Mathurin Lafosse
  • 1811: Colonel Pierre-Elisabeth-Henri Griolet de Saint-Henry
  • 1812: Colonel Jean-Dominique Paolini

restoration

  • 1815: Jean-Dominique Paolini

First World War

  • Colonel Bouffez (fallen September 25, 1915)
  • Lieutenant-colonel Niéger, September 30, 1915 (seriously wounded April 16, 1917)
  • Lieutenant-colonel Rey, April 19 to October 4, 1917
  • Lieutenant-colonel Niéger, October 4, 1917 to December 25, 1918
  • Colonel de Saint-Germain, from December 25, 1918

Regimental owner

Since the respective Duke of Orléans had no interest in commanding the regiment, this task was transferred to a deputy, the Colonel en second (also called Colonel-lieutenant ).

Uniforms and flags during the ancien régime

  • Drapeau colonel (body flag of the Colonel) until 1791

  • Régiment de Mazarin-Italy 1642 to 1651

  • Régiment d'Anjou-Étranger 1651 to 1660

  • Régiment d'Orléans 1660 to 1791

  • Régiment d'Orléans 1720 to 1734

  • Régiment d'Orléans 1734 to 1762

  • Régiment d'Orléans 1762 to 1767

  • Régiment d'Orléans 1767 to 1776

  • Régiment d'Orléans 1776 to 1779

  • Régiment d'Orléans 1779 to 1791

  • Grenadier of the 44 e régiment d'infantry de ligne 1791-1796

Mission history

Franco-Spanish War (1635 to 1659)

On May 7, 1642, the Gazette de France reported the establishment of a new regiment in the field camp near Perpignan . The king inspected the regiment and found it "very beautiful". From that day it was used in the French army. It was already able to distinguish itself with the conquest of Perpignan. After that it was garrisoned in the city for several months. At the end of the campaign, it moved into winter quarters in Bourgogne .

  • 1643 : In July, the regiment at Thionville joined the army of the Duc d'Enghien and took an active role in the siege of the fortress.
  • 1644: In the campaign of the year it was involved in the capture of several smaller places in the Duchy of Luxembourg . When Freiburg im Breisgau was besieged by enemy troops, the regiment moved with the troops of the Duc d'Enghien to relieve the besieged city. However, it came too late, Freiburg had already capitulated. After taking the fortress of Philippsburg , Worms , Speyer and Mannheim , winter quarters were taken in Lorraine .
  • 1645 : In March of that year the regiment found itself at the siege of the fortress La Mothe , where it replaced the Scottish "Régiment de Douglas", which was sent to Flanders. On March 30, Lorraine reinforcements tried to break through the siege ring. After a fierce battle, in which the horse of Lieutenant Colonel Campi was shot under him, the Lorraine people were forced to make a disorderly retreat. During the siege, the Colonel of the regiment, the Comte Degli Oddi, who had never been seen at the head of the unit, was appointed by the Marquis Buffalini (a relative of Cardinal Mazarin), Capitaine of the Gardes françaises and previous commander of one of the four elite companies, replaced.
The regiment was not involved in the Battle of Fontenoy , as it was used during this time together with the Régiment de Chartres to guard the siege trenches in front of Tournai.
The Duc d'Enghien then gathered his regiments for a campaign in Germany. On June 30th "Mazarin-Italy" crossed the Rhine near Speyer and on August 3rd took part in the battle of Nördlingen . Louis Susane: “In this battle the Marquis de Buffalini stood out in particular. At the height of the fighting, he grabbed a flag and rushed into the scuffle at the head of his men. 60 of the brave were killed, Buffolini was seriously wounded and taken prisoner, but was exchanged on the same evening. "
  • 1646 : On May 16, the “Régiment Mazarin-Italy”, commanded by the Marquis de Buffalini, paraded before the king in Compiègne. It consisted of 9 companies with between 1,400 and 1,500 men.
On July 1, it opened the siege trenches at Longwy together with the Régiment des Gardes suisses .
Siege of Fort Mardyck 1646
It then moved to Flanders with the participation in the siege of Fort Mardyck and Dunkirk.
  • 1647 to 1648 : In 1647 the regiment in Câtelet was garrisoned. This year it went under the command of Louis-Gausselin, comte d'Anisy, who drew attention to himself through a duel with the lieutenant colonel of the French regiment Cardinal-Duc . In March 1648 it was reinforced by the arrival of Italian recruits, commanded by officers of the most distinguished Italian nobility. It distinguished itself in the siege of Ypres and fought in the second row in the battle of Lens . At the end of the year the unit was relocated to the Paris area because of the Fronde uprising .
  • 1649 : On February 24th it was used in the capture of Brie-Comte-Robert . Then again in Flanders, took part in the siege of Condé-sur-l'Escaut .
  • 1650 : in the army of the Maréchal de Plessis-Praslin
  • 1651 : In January the Cardinal Mazarin reinforced his regiment with three companies from Corsica . In April, the unit was transferred by decree to Philippe de France, duc d'Anjou , as regiment owner and from then on was called "Régiment d'Anjou-Étranger". From then on, the replacement of personnel came only from France.
This was followed by the deployment in Lorraine and, with distinction, the siege of Chastel. Here the Comte d'Ainsy was wounded by a musket ball while defending against a defeat by the besieged.
  • 1652 : "Anjou-Étranger" moved to the province of Berry to the army, which had the order to retake the places that belonged to the Prince de Condé. For most of the year it was in front of the fortress of Montrond (near Saint-Amand-Montrond ), into which it was able to move on September 1st. Then the walls were razed. In November it was posted to Roussillon , where it was garrisoned at Collioure .
  • 1653 : In July the transfer to Catalonia took place with the participation in the siege of Girone and on September 22nd in the battle near Bordilly.
  • 1654 to 1657 : Refilled to the level of 20 companies in 1654, it took part in the siege of Villefranche. The following year the siege troops found it in front of Sant Pere de Rodes . On July 17, 1656, it fought, together with the Régiment de Champagne and the Régiment de Normandie , in the attack on the fortress of Boraçan. In May 1757 the Spaniards were forced to abandon the siege of Urgell . After that, the regiment remained in Catalonia until the Peace of the Pyrenees .

War of devolution

In the peacetime after the Pyrenees Treaty, the unit was reduced to six companies and housed in Villers-Cotterêts , on the lands of its regimental owner. Relocated to the Compiègne camp in 1666 , it took an active part in the conquest of Flanders from the following year. Together with the Régiment de Picardie it began on August 25 with the digging of the siege trenches in front of Lille. In February 1668 it moved to the army in Franche-Comté . While the main power besieged Besançon , the regiment moved in front of Salins-les-Bains , which surrendered at the first request.

Dutch War - 1667 to 1714

  • 1671 and 1672 : Reinforced to 30 companies, the regiment took part in the siege of Zutphen the following year with the Duc d'Orléans . Here it began, together with the "Regiment de Normandie" and the Régiment de Turenne , the fortification work.
  • 1673 : In February the Maréchal Turenne undertook the campaign in the county of Mark with the submission of Unna , Kamen and Altena . Back in the Netherlands, Maastricht was besieged .
  • 1674 : Campaign in Franche-Comté with sieges of Besançon and Dole . Then commanded to the army in Flanders and sent to the battle of Seneffe . At the end of August he was assigned to the Rhine with participation in the battle near Ensheim . According to the order of battle, it belonged to the reserve alongside the Régiment de Bourbonnais , the Régiment de Languedoc , the "Régiment de Churchill" and the "Régiment de Montmouth". When the fight began to get critical, Turenne sent the five regiments into the forest on his right flank, where the imperial troops had built entrenchments. After one regiment after the other intervened in the fight and after a terrible slaughter, "Orléans" managed to keep the upper hand. Six cannons were captured. In that year the regiment was still used in the battle near Mulhouse.
  • 1675 : The campaign of the year began with the battle of Türkheim , in which Lieutenant Colonel d'Aubijoux was wounded. After a brief rest in Colmar , the regiment joined the army of Marquis Nicolas Bautru-Nogent, marquis de Vaubrun, with whom it appeared on the 10th of the month at the gates of Neuburg, which was immediately captured. The battle at Offenburg followed on March 24, and the month after that the battle at Altenheim; then the sieges of Hagenau and Zabern .
  • 1676 : Assignment to the army in Flanders, siege of Condé-sur-l'Escaut and then Bouchain . Then back to the Meuse and capture the Bouillon fortress and Marche-en-Famenne . The campaign of the year ended with the securing of the Duchy of Pfalz-Zweibrücken , after which winter quarters were taken in Metz .
  • 1677 : Standing in Flanders, the regiment was commanded to siege Valenciennes and then assigned to Monsieur's army at Saint-Omer. Participation in the Battle of Cassel . At the beginning of June it joined the army of Maréchal de Créqui in the camp of Noméney , then moved into Nancy and Pont-à-Mousson and proved itself in the battles on June 4 at Morville and on June 29 at Sainte-Barbe (near Metz), where the Duke of Lorraine was defeated. Siege of Freiburg im Breisgau.
  • 1678 and 1679 : Always in a brigade with the "Régiment de Picardie", battles followed near Säckingen , near Offenburg and the capture of Kehl . Then blockade of Strasbourg and capture of the forts "Zollhaus" and "Ill". When the Duke of Lorraine wanted to cross the Rhine near Leimersheim on October 1st , "Orléans" was left behind in Wörth to protect supplies. On September 30th the regiment was reduced to 10 companies. “Orléans” remained in Alsace and in 1679 led another skirmish near Minden (Sauer) , the last action of the war.

Annexation of Strasbourg

In 1681 the regiment was garrisoned in Breisach when King Louis XIV decided to annex Strasbourg . "Orléans" provided a detachment of 300 men, as well as the Régiment de Picardie , the Régiment Royal and the Régiment d'Artois , who moved into the city together on October 3rd.

Reunion War

Commanded for the siege of Luxembourg , the unit was initially housed in the village of Hent and occupied the heights of Pfaffenthal on the day the fortification work began .

During this operation, it lost a lieutenant as a fallen man, the lieutenant colonel François Joseph, comte de Clermont-Tonnerre, was wounded so badly in the head that he had to quit duty.

War of the Palatinate Succession

  • 1688 : "Orléans" took part in the campaign in the Palatinate and was then ordered to Mainz.
Siege of Mainz 1689
  • 1689 : Participation in the defense of the fortress against the imperial troops. On August 10, there was a severe failure of the grenadiers of the regiment under the command of Capitaine de Bellevert. On September 6, an attack on the covered route was successfully repulsed . The siege cost the regiment a captain, five lieutenants killed and 18 wounded officers. The unit consisted of two battalions until the end of the war.
  • 1690 : Delegation to the Meuse Army. Participation in the Battle of Fleurus , it lost a Capitaine and the Major Descottières to fallen, two Capitaines were wounded.
  • 1691 to 1693 : Siege of Mons and defense of the Espierres lines. In the following year, taking Namur and taking part in the Battle of Steenkerke , in which it lost nine officers, ten sergents and 164 soldiers to the fallen, 224 men were wounded. The campaign ended with the bombardment of Charleroi. 1693 followed the capture of Huy and the siege and conquest of Château-Picard near Chaulnes . In the battle of Neer winds the regiment fought together with the "Régiment de Picardie" for the village, which was taken several times and lost again. In the same year he took part in the siege of Charleroi. Until the Peace of Rijswijk , the regiment was part of the army in Flanders.

War of the Spanish Succession

  • 1701: At the beginning of the war, two battalions of the regiment were seconded from the Maréchal de Boufflers to defend lions .
  • 1702: In April the soldiers of the regiment were deployed to defend Kaiserswerth . They arrived in good time before the fighting began. It became a landmark in the history of unity. On April 21st it made a sortie in the area of ​​the Dutch, which cost them 200 casualties. The trenches in this section have been leveled. "Orléans" lost three officers and 50 soldiers in a counterattack by cavalry . On May 21, there was another sortie in which Lieutenant-Colonel Lefebvre was killed. After the surrender of the fortress, the regiment moved to Venlo to refresh , but soon returned to the army of the Duc de Bourgogne on the Rhine. In July 1702 the regiment consisted of only one battalion.
An officer who had distinguished himself in Kaiserswerth was to receive the cross of the Ordre de Saint-Louis from Louis XIV . When the king saw the officer, he said to him: "But you are really very young" - to which he replied: "Sire, in your Orléans regiment one does not get old!"
  • 1703: In this year "Orléans" stood in Flanders and fought in battle near Eckeren. Then it moved to the Moselle to watch the movements of the troops of the imperial field marshal Maximilian von Hessen-Kassel , who wanted to prevent a siege of the fortress Landau . It was then used in the battle of the Speyerbach . The march to Spain took place in December.
  • 1704: Arrived on the Portuguese border in February, followed the swift conquest of Salvaterra , Segura (Idanha-a-Nova) , Portalegre and Castelo de Vide .
  • 1705: A détachement was involved in the siege of Gibraltar . At the end of the year it replaced the Régiment de Berwick on the Mediterranean coast and was used in the siege of Nice .
  • 1706: Recalled to Spain in the first few months, "Orléans" was used in the siege of Barcelona . On April 22nd, it was able to repel a garrison defeat on the covered route and capture a battalion of a British regiment. Afterwards participation in the capture of Cartagena .
  • 1707: In the battle of Almansa , the regiment's two battalions stood on the far left wing of the second line directly behind the Régiment de La Couronne . During the main attack, the two battalions were attacked in the flank by a Dutch brigade and pushed back. With support from the Régiment de Berwick, the Dutch could be worn out in a counterattack. The siege of Lleida followed in October .
  • 1708 to 1712: The unit participated in the subjugation of several small towns and then took part in the siege of Tortosa , where it lost two officers. In July of the following year the regiment moved to the Dauphiné . In 1710 the command was sent to the Rhine, where the entire campaign was spent near the defensive lines on the Lauter. Winter quarters were taken in Zabern. In 1711 it remained in Alsace with winter quarters in Franche-Comté. In May 1712, the occupation of Breisach and Neubourg (today part of Dauendorf ) took place.
  • 1713: On the night of August 2nd to 3rd , a lunette of the Landau fortress was captured together with the Régiment de Saintonge . At that moment a mine exploded and the attackers were partially buried. The besieged made a sortie, but the Marquis de La Villemeneust rallied the survivors, and in a grueling battle the besieged could be thrown back. This action cost the regiment 40 men dead, 10 officers and 118 soldiers were wounded. In the same year the regiment moved to capture Freiburg im Breisgau.
  • 1714: Back in Catalonia, the siege of Barcelona followed. During the general attack on September 11, it suffered heavy losses, the Colonel à la suite Baron de Châtelatillon and Major Montbrun were killed, and Monsieur de La Villemeneust was shot through the body.

War of the Polish Succession

War of the Austrian Succession

Siege of Prague
In October the regiment was commanded to Kouřim in order, together with two hussar regiments and four dragoon regiments, to force the union of the Westphalian army (Armée de Westphalie) with the troops from Bavaria and Bohemia.
  • 1743: Returning to France, the workforce had shrunk to 600 men. The regiment was then assigned to the army of Maréchal de Noailles and provided, together with the "Régiment d'Auvergne", the garrison of Seligenstadt . In the battle of Dettingen it lost two captains, the lieutenant colonel de Bourdailles de Lépine and ten other officers were wounded. Then relocation to Saarlouis.
  • 1744: Commanded to Flanders, "Orléans" was used in the siege of Menen, Ypres and Veurne. She spent the rest of the year in the Kortrijk camp .
  • 1745: Participation in the siege of Tournai. During the Battle of Fontenoy , part of the regiment was left to guard the siege trenches in front of Tournai. Used in the siege of Oudenaarde, Dendermonde and Ath. Winter quarters were taken in Dunkirk.
  • 1746: In January the march to occupy Ghent took place . Then first return to Dunkirk and from there march off for the siege of Namur . Use in the battle of Roucourt . Here the brigade attacked the entrenchments of the village with luck and was able to capture both standards and cannons and bring in a large number of prisoners.
  • 1747: At the beginning of the year the regiment was in the field camp of Mechelen. In the same year it was used in the battle of Lauffeldt and then marched to the siege of Bergen op Zoom . Then relocation to the siege of Fort Friedrich in Antwerp. It opened the trenches on September 28th and was able to take the fort on October 6th. This was followed by the income from forts Lillo and La Croix, with the subsequent stay in Braxshoten until the end of the year. The end of the war in 1748 saw the unit in Maastricht.

Peace time

After returning to France, it was stationed in Villers-Cotterêts. On May 31, 1753, it distinguished itself as an active participant in fighting the major fire that destroyed a number of houses. In 1755 the regiment was ordered to the field camp of Richemont-sur-Moselle and in 1756 was distributed on the coast of Brittany.

Seven Years War

After the war ended, Sedan was assigned as a garrison.

Peace time

Relocation to Givet Charlemont in December 1763, to Valenciennes in May 1764, to Quesnoy in November 1764, to Dunkirk in September 1766, to Landrecies and Avesnes in November 1767, to Tours in May 1768, to Lorient, Port-Louis and Bellisle in September 1769, to La Rochelle in May 1770, to Metz in November 1771, to Alès , Béziers and Saint-Hippolyte in October 1773, to Bordeaux in May 1774, to Blaye in May 1775, to Arras in July 1778, to Béthune and Saint- Venant in October 1778. In 1779 the regiment was used to guard the coast of Normandy and Brittany and was stationed in Alençon , Bayeux and Brest . In October 1780 he was transferred to Poitiers , in October 1781 to Lille, in October 1783 to Dunkirk, in October 1784 to Douai, in March 1788 to Valenciennes and in January 1791 to Le Quesnoy .

Wars of the Revolution and the First Empire - 1791 to 1815

During the time at Le Quesnoy, confronted with the effects of the Revolution, most of the officers were unable to continue their service. In June 1791 they emigrated to the troops loyal to the king or quit their service. A battalion of the regiment was detached to Maubeuge , where riots and fights broke out with members of the Swiss Régiment de Reinach .

In February 1792 the regiment moved to Arras, in the following May the 2nd battalion was directed to Lorient and embarked on June 3rd for Martinique .

While the Austrians were marching into Flanders, the 1st Battalion was posted to Lille and took part in the defense of the fortress.

After the end of the siege it fought in the battle of Neerwind and the cannonade at Valmy and was then sent to the army on the Moselle. It was in the camp near Hornbach when it was attacked by the Austrians on August 13, 1793. Despite the desertions and the indecisive action of the commander, Colonel Félix, the battalion was able to save the army's vanguard through massive efforts. In the same year it was commanded to Kaiserslautern. In this year the army reform ( Premier amalgam ) and the dissolution of the regimental association also took place.

In 1803 the previous “44 e demi-brigade d'infanterie” was renamed “44 e régiment d'infanterie” and the line of tradition continued.

In 1806 the campaign took place in Prussia and Poland with participation in the battle of Jena and Auerstädt and the battle of Pułtusk . In 1807 it fought in the Battle of Eylau , the three-month siege of Danzig and the Battle of Friedland .

Relocated to Spain in 1808, the regiment was involved in the fighting of the Spanish War of Independence . It fought at Saragossa and Lerins, in 1809 in the siege of Saragossa and Alcañiz , in 1810 in the siege of Tortosa and in 1811 in the siege of Sangüesa and Valencia .

In 1812 with the Grande Armée in the Russian campaign in 1812 , the regiment in Smoliany, Galopinski and Baryssau is mentioned.

After the disaster in Russia, the "44 e régiment d'infanterie" was sent back to Spain in 1813 and fought at Yecla and Ordal.

At the end of the Napoleonic Empire in 1815 it was involved in the Battle of Ligny , the Battle of Waterloo and the battle of Rocquencourt .

1815 to 1852

  • 1830: By order of September 18, a fourth battalion was set up, increasing the workforce to 3,000 men.

Second empire

  • The regiment was deployed in Algeria from 1844 to 1849 .
Battle of Mars-la-Tour

Franco-German War

The regiment was assigned to the Armée du Rhin and then to the Armée de Metz and fought

First World War

When the war broke out, the regiment was garrisoned in Lons-le-Saunier and until May 1917 was assigned to the 14th Infantry Division and then to the 41st Infantry Division.

  • 1914:
August 7th: The regiment crossed the German border and marched into Altkirch .
August 19: capture of Mulhouse , followed by a battle near Dornach
August 29: Skirmishes at Morcourt and Proyart
August 30th: Beginning of the retreat to the south
5th to 12th September: Battle of the Marne
September 7th: in action at Bouillancy
September 12th: Attack on the rearguard of the Germans who secured the crossing over the Aisne
September 20 to December: Trench warfare in Flanders
French bayonet attack at the beginning of the war in 1914
  • 1915:
February 16 to March 20: Winter battle in Champagne
Trench warfare in Champagne and the Aisne
  • 1916:
February 21-27: Battle of Verdun
25 February Defensive fighting in Bezonvaux
from August 9th: Battle of the Somme (September 2nd to 13th near Bouchavesnes mountains )
  • 1917:
April 16 to late May: Battle of the Aisne
3rd to 13th September: trench warfare near Verdun (altitude 344)
  • 1918:
April 7-29 : Fourth Battle of Flanders
Defensive battles on Kemmelberg
Attack battles on Marne and Vesle
Assault fighting on the Butte de Tahure

Interwar period

The regiment was disbanded in 1923. On January 21, 1922, the regimental flag was handed over to the "Musée de l'Armée" (Army Museum) in Paris.

Second World War

Commemorative plaque for the defense of the Loire Bridge in Jargeau from June 16 to 18, 1940 by the 44 e RI and the 109 e RI
The blown suspension bridge over the Loire in Jargeau

On September 2, 1939, the regiment was under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel De Faget de Casteljau by the "Région militaire, Center mobilisateur d'infanterie (CMI 73); type reserve A; active RI type NE ”again and assigned to the 47th Infantry Division.

While the Battle of Dunkirk was drawing to a close on June 5, 1940, the regiment was in the forefront on the Somme. On command it then withdrew and offered further resistance on the Seine and Loire.

From June 16 to 18, it consistently defended the bridge over the Loire in Jargeau.

post war period

  • From 1956 to 1962 the regiment fought in Algeria.

The 3rd Battalion consisted of conscripts from the various branches of service stationed in Germany and kept in service beyond the legally stipulated conscription time. It was stationed in Aïn-Sefra in the Sud-Oranais from July 1956 to May 1957 and, together with the Légion étrangère , was used to guard the Oran - Colomb-Béchar railway line . On Christmas Eve 1956, the insurgents detonated a remote-controlled explosive charge that killed five soldiers.

In 1986 the unit was converted into a staff support regiment, but retained (as is customary in France in such cases) its original name as an infantry regiment. It took over the tasks of the former “89 e bataillon des services”.

Some regimental flags since Napoleonic times

  • Flag from 1804 (front side)

  • Flag from 1804 (back side)

  • Flag from 1812 (obverse)

  • current flag (front)

  • current flag (back)

On the back of the regimental flag (since Napoleonic times) the campaigns and battles in which the regiment took part are listed in gold letters.

Honors

The flag ribbon is decorated with the Croix de guerre 1914–1918 with four palm branches for four honorable mention in the army command and a bronze star for a special mention in the brigade command and with the Croix de la Valeur militaire with a palm branch for a special mention in the army command.

Members of the regiment have had the right to wear the Fourragère in the colors of the Médaille militaire since November 4, 1918 .

  • Croix de guerre 1914-1918

  • Croix de la Valeur militaire

Motto

Toujours unis
(Always united)

literature

  • Orleans. In: Général Louis Susane: Histoire de l'infanterie française. Volume 4. J. Dumaine, Paris 1876, pp. 68–84 ( full text in the Google book search and in Ancestramil ; PDF; 165 kB). English edition: C. Terana, Paris 1985.

Footnotes

  1. ↑ German: 44th Infantry Regiment
  2. ^ Pierre Montagnon: Histoire de l'Armée française. Éditions Pygmalion / Gérard Watelet, Paris 1997, ISBN 978-2-85704-524-3 .
  3. ↑ In the old documents no name is given for the regiment.
  4. ^ Général Louis Susane: L'histoire de l'ancienne infanterie française. Volume 5. J. Corréard, Paris 1851, pp. 156-183 ( full text in the Google book search).
  5. ↑ which had nothing to do with the former "44 e régiment d'infanterie"
  6. ^ Général Louis Susane: L'histoire de l'ancienne infanterie française. Volume 5. J. Corréard, Paris 1851, p. 160 ( full text in the Google book search).
  7. ↑ Lieutenant general François-Eugène de Vault: Mémoires militaires relatifs à la guerre d'Espagne sous Louis XIV. Volume 1. Imprimerie Royale, Paris 1835, p. 436 ( full text in the Google book search).
  8. ↑ Victor Louis Jean François Belhomme: Histoire de l'infantry en France. Volume 3. Henri Charles-Lavauzelle, Paris / Limoges 1893–1902, p. 464 ( digitized on Gallica ).
  9. ↑ even if Marengo 1800 is listed on the regimental flag
  10. ↑ Victor Louis Jean François Belhomme: Histoire de l'infantry en France. Volume 5. Henri Charles-Lavauzelle, Paris / Limoges 1902, p. 151 ( digitized on Gallica).
  11. ↑ 44e Regiment d'infanterie. In: Matériel-Militaire. Les véhicules militaires de nos Armées.
  12. ↑ «  Décision n ° 12350 / SGA / DPMA / SHD / DAT du 14 September 2007 relative aux inscriptions de noms de batailles sur les drapeaux et étendards des corps de troupe de l'armée de terre, du service de santé des armées et du service des essences des armées, Bulletin officiel des armées, n ° 27, 9 November 2007  »(German:“ Provision n ° 12350 / SGA / DPMA / SHD / DAT of September 14, 2007 on the appearance of the inscriptions on the flags and standards of the Troops of the army, the medical service and the fuel supply branch. Published with the official army bulletin No. 27 of November 9, 2007 ")
  13. ↑ "  Arrêté relatif à l'attribution de l'inscription AFN 1952–1962 sur les drapeaux et étendards des formations des armées et services, du 19 novembre 2004 (A) NORDEF0452926A Michèle Alliot-Marie  " (German: "Order AFN 1952–1962 on the assignment of the inscriptions on the flags and standards of the formations of the army and the services of November 19, 2004 (A) NORDEF0452926A Michèle Alliot-Marie ")
  14. ↑ This also applies to units that have already been disbanded, as they can (theoretically) be put back into active service at any time
  15. ↑ This also applies to units that have already been disbanded, as they can (theoretically) be put back into active service at any time
  16. ^ Jean Guisnel: Les unités clandestines de la DGSE reçoivent la croix de la Valeur militaire. In: Le Point . January 18, 2012.

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