Thionville

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Thionville
Thionville Coat of Arms
Thionville (France)
Thionville
region Grand Est
Department Moselle
Arrondissement Thionville
Canton Thionville , Yutz
Community association Portes de France-Thionville
Coordinates 49 ° 21 '  N , 6 ° 10'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 21 '  N , 6 ° 10'  E
height 147-423 m
surface 49.86 km 2
Residents 40,701 (January 1, 2017)
Population density 816 inhabitants / km 2
Post Code 57100
INSEE code 57672
Website www.thionville.fr

Template: Infobox municipality in France / maintenance / different coat of arms in Wikidata

Thionville [ tjɔ̃ˈvil ] ( German  Diedenhofen ) is a French city with 40,701 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2017) in the Moselle department in the Grand Est region (until 2015 Lorraine ).

In the Moselle Franconian dialect , which is still spoken by the elders and is very similar to Luxembourgish , the city is called Diddenuewen . The inhabitants call themselves Thionvillois .

Place du Marché - market square

Geographical location

The city is located in Lorraine on the Moselle at 155 m above sea level. NHN.

Districts

history

Rue de la Tour with the belfry
Place Square du 11 Novembre
Defense tower Tour aux Puces (Flea Tower) in front of the castle of the Counts of Luxembourg
Cannon balls at the Tour aux Puces

Thionville already existed at the time of the Merovingians and was mentioned in documents as Theudonevilla , Totonisvilla , Thionisvilla (1236) and Theodunvilla . The place was first mentioned in a document in 753 as Theodonis villa . Under this name it is also mentioned several times in the Franconian Reichsannals and in the Lorsch Codex . Later names were Dietenhoven (707), Didenhowen (962), Duodinhof / Duodenhof (11th century), Thesehoven (1023), Ditdenhof (1033), Dydenhowen (1346), Dutenhofen (1357), Diedzhofen (1431), Diedenhoven ( 1449), Dietenhoben (1576), Dudenhoffen (1606), Diedenhoben (1612). In the Zimmerische Chronik the place name is Diedenhoffen .

The place was already a royal palatinate at the time of Pippin the Younger . Several court days were held there, for example in 835 when Bishop Radolt of Verona was present and the deposition of Louis the Pious was declared invalid. Pippin's son Charlemagne stayed several times in the Palatinate there, "villa Theodonis villa" (sic!). On December 24, 805 he issued the Diedenhofen chapter named after the city in Thionville .

From the 10th century, the area with Luxembourg belonged to the Holy Roman Empire and remained in the possession of the Dukes of Luxembourg until 1462. Until 1477 it belonged to the Duke of Burgundy and from 1477 to 1643 to the Habsburgs .

After Diedenhofen had been besieged by French troops under the Duke of Guise in 1558 , there was another siege of the city in 1639 in connection with the Franco-Spanish War (1635-1659) under Manassès de Pas, Marquis de Feuquières , whose troops were one superior imperial army under General Octavio Piccolomini were defeated in the battle of Diedenhofen on June 7, 1639. But on August 10, 1643, French troops conquered and occupied the place again.

Due to the Peace of the Pyrenees , Diedenhofen was ceded to France on November 7, 1659.

Siege of Diedenhofen by the Prussian army under the Duke of Braunschweig on September 5 and 6, 1792 (contemporary illustration)

In 1792 the Duke of Brunswick began the campaign to recapture the throne of King Louis XVI. with the siege of Thionville, whose occupation advocated the French Revolution . The siege, which ultimately failed, gave the ancien régime a foretaste of the bitter resistance of the revolutionary army, which would culminate in the cannonade at Valmy . In 1861, Thionville had 7818 residents.

In the Franco-Prussian War of 1870/71, the city was badly damaged during the siege by Prussian troops. The fortress surrendered on November 25, 1870, and over 4,000 French were taken prisoner. Diedenhofen had to be ceded to the new German Empire on May 10, 1871 due to the Peace of Frankfurt and became part of the realm of Alsace-Lorraine . The bilingual high school that had dissolved during the war operations, was refurbished in 1872, first with a Sexta and Quinta .

Around 1900 Diedenhofen had one Protestant and three Catholic churches, a synagogue , a grammar school, a mountain school , an agricultural winter school, a main customs office , a theater and was the seat of a local court .

Towards the end of the First World War , French troops occupied the city on November 22, 1918. Through the Versailles Treaty , which determined the cession of the realm of Alsace-Lorraine to France, Diedenhofen came to France in 1919. During the time of the German occupation in World War II from 1940, the CdZ area Lorraine was administratively part of the German Reich again, although there was no formal annexation. In 1944, US troops took Thionville, which has since returned to France. Even in the winter of 1944-45 was for so-called displaced persons the DP camp no. 8 established that thousands in the years to former concentration camp prisoners and prisoners of war has started.

In Thionville, which, like all of France, experienced an economic boom in the first post-war decades ( trente glorieuses ), the decline of the dominant heavy industry began in the 1970s, especially in the mining of iron ore ( Minette ), so that the city and the entire region with one have to contend with difficult structural change and high unemployment.

Demographics

Annual population figures while belonging to the Reichsland Alsace-Lorraine (1871-1919)
year population Remarks
1871 8121 in 772 buildings, including 291 Evangelicals, one Mennonite and 187 Israelites
1872 7376
1890 8923
1900 10,062 with the garrison (two battalions of infantry No. 135, a dragoon regiment No. 6 and two companies of foot artillery No. 8), including 2,727 Evangelicals and 158 Jews
1905 11,948
1910 14,184
Number of inhabitants since the middle of the 20th century
year 1962 1968 1975 1982 1990 1999 2007 2017
Residents 31,811 37,079 43,020 40,573 39,712 40.907 40,910 40,701

politics

mayor

From May 2015 to her death in April 2016, was born here was a politician Anne Grommerch mayor ( mayor ) of the city. She belonged to the Les Républicains party . Her successor was Pierre Cuny.

Town twinning

Culture and sights

Hôtel de Ville (New Town Hall, former Poor Clare Convent)
La Poste
Pont de Cormontaigne , Pont-écluse Sud over the Canal des fortifications

Museums

  • Musée de la Tour aux Puces or Musée du Pays Thionvillois , (museum in the flea tower, see below) Permanent exhibition of archaeological finds from the region from prehistory to the Renaissance , temporary exhibitions on local history
  • Museum of the Resistance and Deportation

Buildings

Thionville has an astonishingly well-preserved and diverse structure. Despite the war damage, numerous buildings have been preserved or have been restored. As a rule, these are town houses and villas from the Wilhelmine era as well as from the Fin de Siècle . The otherwise well-preserved cityscape is, however, disturbed by a number of seemingly out of place modern high-rise buildings.

Economy and Infrastructure

About eight kilometers north of Thionville is the Cattenom nuclear power plant .

The region is a center of French steel production. The port of Thionville-Illange is the largest inland port in France for the transport of metallurgical products.

The Gare de Thionville is a railway junction at the Metz-Luxembourg railway . The line to Trier and a branch line to Bouzonville and Dillingen / Saar branch off here . The motorway 31 ( Autoroute A31 ) runs directly through the center of the city on the section between Metz and Luxembourg .

education

The Lycée et Collège Charlemagne is one of the schools in Thionville.

Personalities

Trivia

literature

  • Johann Sporschil : The great chronicle. History of the war of the allies of Europe against Napoleon Bonaparte, in the years 1813, 1814 and 1815 , Volume 2, Part II, Braunschweig 1841, p. 438 ( online ).

Web links

Commons : Thionville  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Dietenhofen in the Topographia Circuli Burgundici (Mathäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Ernest de Bouteiller - Dictionnaire topographique de l'ancien département de la Moselle (written in 1868)
  2. ↑ Glöckner, Karl [Ed.]: Codex Laureshamensis (Volume 1), Certificate 26, May 26, 836 - Reg. 3285. In: Heidelberger historical stocks - digital. Heidelberg University Library, p. 810 , accessed on May 1, 2016 .
  3. ^ Zimmerische Chronik , edited by KA Barack, Volume 4, Stuttgart 1869, p. 161 ( online ).
  4. ↑ Kasimir Walchner: Chronicle of the city of Ratolphzell. Contribution to the city history of the Middle Ages, the Swabian, Peasant, Narrow Kaldic and Thirty Years War. Edited from handwritten and other reliable sources, including explanations and documents. Freiburg im Breisgau 1837, p. 11 ( online ).
  5. ↑ a b c d M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)
  6. ↑ Program of the Collegium in Diedenhofen , Diedenhofen 1872 ( online )
  7. ↑ a b Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 4, Leipzig / Vienna 1906, p. 886 ( online );
  8. ^ Georg Lang (ed.): The government district of Lorraine. Statistical-topographical manual, administrative schematic and address book , Metz 1874, p. 104 ( online ).
  9. ^ Complete geographic-topographical-statistical local lexicon of Alsace-Lorraine. Contains: the cities, towns, villages, castles, communities, hamlets, mines and steel works, farms, mills, ruins, mineral springs, etc. with details of the geographical location, factory, industrial and other commercial activity, the post, railway u. Telegraph stations and the like historical notes etc. Adapted from official sources by H. Rudolph. Louis Zander, Leipzig 1872, Sp. 11 ( online )
  10. ^ Page of the Moselle Commission For more details on the port, see ibid.
  11. ^ Lycée et Collège Charlemagne: Accueil . Online at www.charlemagne-thionville.fr. Retrieved November 25, 2015.