Guise

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Guise
Guise Coat of Arms
Guise (France)
Guise
region Hauts-de-France
Department Aisne
Arrondissement Vervins
Canton Guise
Community association Thiérache Sambre et Oise
Coordinates 49 ° 54 '  N , 3 ° 38'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 54 '  N , 3 ° 38'  E
height 91-157 m
surface 16.13 km 2
Residents 4,824 (January 1, 2017)
Population density 299 inhabitants / km 2
Post Code 02120
INSEE code 02361

Familistère

Guise is a French municipality with 4824 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Aisne in the region of Hauts-de-France ; it belongs to the arrondissement of Vervins and is the seat of the municipality of Thiérache Sambre et Oise .

geography

The place is between the Vermandois and the Thiérache , halfway between Saint-Quentin and Vervins in the north of the Aisne on the Oise . The Canal de la Sambre à l'Oise ( German: Sambre-Oise-Kanal ) passes the city at a short distance .

history

In 1180 there was a canonic monastery in Guise, through which u. a. the church of Beaurain, which belonged to the Prüm Abbey , was cared for. The lord of Guise was Vogt of the Prüm estates in Picardy . Guise has a castle, a remnant of the fortifications of northern France from the time of the Dukes of Guise . The castle was badly damaged during the First World War .

During the Industrial Revolution , Guise benefited from the social experiments of the entrepreneur Jean-Baptiste André Godins , from which the place still benefits today.

In the course of both world wars there were airfields used by the military here.

Guise – Château du Fay airport

During the First World War, two kilometers east of the village in 1917/1918 there was a field airfield of the German air force , which was used by various fighter squadrons.

There were a few other airfields in the Guise area. Immediately north of the village, Guise-Nord was used in 1918 . Guise-Lesquielles , four kilometers north of Guise, was also used in 1918 and one kilometer north was a fourth airfield with Guise-Lesquielles-Tupigny . Guise-Louvry was two kilometers south and was used in 1917/1918.

Guise – Tupigny airport

A sixth field airfield was located immediately east of Tupigny in 1918.

During the Second World War, in May / June 1940, this location was again briefly used by German air forces. Here were "Stukas" Ju 87B , they belonged to the I. Group of Sturzkampfgeschwader 76 (I. / StG 76). Bf 109E in Guise were also lying here . Group I of Jagdgeschwader 1 (I./JG 1) and Group I of Jagdgeschwader 27 (I./JG 27) each use the space for a few days and Group I of Jagdgeschwader 51 (I./JG 51 ) 10 days in the last third of May.

Guise – Villers airfield

To the northeast, about five kilometers outside of Guise and one kilometer northwest of Villers-les-Guises, there used to be a seventh military airfield .

After it opened in the mid-1930s, this Aérodrome was operated by the Aéro-Club de la Thiérache .

Between the end of August 1939 and mid-May 1940 it then served the Armée de l'air as the home of observation planes that were in the service of various groups, Groupes Aériens de Observation .

After two air raids by German bombers , the area was used by the air force after the German Wehrmacht took the area.

The place was also a "Stuka" base in the early summer of 1940. The Ju 87B belonged to Group II of Sturzkampfgeschwader 2 (II./ StG 2) and Group I of carrier group 186 (I./TrGr 186).

During this period, Bf 109E were also in Guise. Various hunting groups took turns after a few days. These included the III. Group of Jagdgeschwader 2 (III./JG 2), I./JG 21 , staff, I. and II./JG 21 , I./JG 51 , III./JG 52 and I./JG 76 .

After the armistice and during the German occupation of France, it was no longer used by the Germans as an airfield.

After the liberation of the area by the Allies, the air sports club took over the operation of the airfield again in 1945. In 1947, however, the French Ministry of Transport ordered its closure and efforts to revive it in the 1950s were unsuccessful.

Population development

year 1962 1968 1975 1982 1990 1999 2007 2016
Residents 6284 6805 6642 6195 5976 5896 5409 4868

Attractions

  • Guise Castle ( Château de Guise ), Monument historique
  • Familistère , Monument historique
  • Church of St. Medardus ( Église Saint-Médard )
  • Church of St. Peter and Paul ( Église Saint-Pierre-Saint-Paul ), Monument historique
  • Hotel Warnet from the 17th / 18th centuries Century, Monument historique

  • Guise Castle

  • Church of St. Peter and Paul

Personalities

Web links

Commons : Guise  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Knichel, History of remote ownership of the Prüm Abbey. Mainz 1987, LHA Ko Order 18 No. 10.
  2. ↑ Château de Guise in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
  3. ^ Familistère in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
  4. ^ Church of St. Peter and Paul in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
  5. ↑ PA02000039 Hotel Warnet in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)