Jagdgeschwader 1 "Oesau"
|
Jagdgeschwader 1 |
|
|---|---|
 Squadron badge |
|
| active | May 1, 1939 to May 4, 1945 |
| Country |
.svg){kind=small} German Empire
|
| Armed forces | Wehrmacht |
| Armed forces | air force |
| Branch of service | Air force |
| Type | Jagdgeschwader |
| structure | Squadron staff and 4 groups |
| Installation site | Jesau |
| Nickname | "Jagdgeschwader Oesau" |
| Aircraft type |
Messerschmitt Bf 109 Focke-Wulf Fw 190 Heinkel He 162 |
| Second World War |
Raid on Poland German Bight Western Campaign Company Cerberus Western Front Eastern Front |
| Squadron commodors | |
| First commodore |
Carl-Alfred Schumacher Lieutenant Colonel |
| Last commodore |
Herbert Ihlefeld Lieutenant Colonel |
The Jagdgeschwader 1 "Oesau" (JG 1) was a traditional wing of the German Air Force in World War II , named after its sixth commodore , Walter Oesau .
history
Positioning and restructuring
The staff of the "Jagdgeschwader Nordwest" set up on November 30, 1939, was converted to the staff of Jagdgeschwader 1 on December 8, 1939 and from then on was subordinate to Luftgaukommando XI of Luftflotte 2 . From 1942 onwards, only groups I to IV of JG 1 were subordinate to him.
The I. Group of JG 1 was created on May 1, 1939 in Jesau, East Prussia, by renaming the I. Group of Jagdgeschwader 130. It was initially subordinate to Luftwaffenkommando I, after moving to Lübeck-Blankensee to Luftgau Command VI, from October 1, 1939 the staff of Jagdgeschwader 27 . On June 3, 1940, she was briefly assigned to the staff of Jagdgeschwader 77 , and from June 6th for a week to the staff of Jagdgeschwader 51 . The I. Group was on July 5, 1940 in the III. Group of JG 27 converted. On December 7, 1940, a new 1st squadron of I./JG 1 was created, which was essentially formed from the Jagdstaffel Holland and was now subordinate to the staff / JG 1 for the first time. On April 1, 1943, the I. Group was spun off as the II. Group of the newly established Jagdgeschwader 11 and the IV./JG 1 in I./JG 1 and thus 10.–12./JG 1 in 1.–3./ JG 1 renamed. On October 19, 1943, the newly established Sturmstaffel 1 of Jagdgeschwader 1 to fight four-engine bombers was placed under her command. A new 4th season was added on August 15, 1944.
Group II of JG 1 was set up on January 15, 1942 in Katwijk, the Netherlands, by renaming Group I of Jagdgeschwader 3 . The group received its own group staff and initially consisted of 4th to 6th season. On August 15, the 4th to the 7th season and the 7th season of JG 51 was placed under the 8th season. The latter was dissolved on April 5, 1945.
The III. Group of JG 1 was set up on February 6, 1942 in Husum . Your group staff was formed from the staff of the supplementary group of Jagdgeschwader 52 , the 7th squadron from the squadrons of the hunting guide schools in Breslau , Gleiwitz and Königsberg , the 8th squadron from the squadron of the supplementary group of JG 27, the 9th squadron from the squadron of the supplementary group of JG 52. On April 1, 1943, it was spun off as I. Group of JG 11 and a new III. Group formed, which was used as a fighter group under the command of the squadron staff after the start of the Allied landings in Normandy on June 6, 1944. On August 15, 1944, the 7th to the 10th season and the 8th to the 11th season were reclassified.
The IV. Group of JG 1 was also formed in January 1942 in Vannes , France , whose group staff consisted of the staff of the supplementary group of Jagdgeschwader 53 , 10th squadron from the operational squadron of the supplementary group of Jagdgeschwader 2 , 11th squadron from the operational squadron of the supplementary group of the Jagdgeschwader The 26th and 12th squadrons of the squadron of the supplementary group of JG 51 were created. On March 21, 1942, it was incorporated into the newly established Jagdgeschwader 5 . On March 28, 1943, a new IV. Group was created, whose staff was formed by reorganizing, 10th squadron from the swarm of fighter pilot school 1, 11th squadron from the swarm of fighter pilot school 4 and 12th squadron from parts of the old IV. Group. On April 1, 1943, it was renamed I./JG 1.
In June 1943, a high altitude swarm was set up at Jagdgeschwader 1 to combat allied high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft. This was directly subordinate to the staff of JG 1 and was renamed 11./JG 1 at the end of September 1943.
Commanders
Squadron commodors
The Jagdgeschwader 1 was originally set up in 1938 as a single group I./JG 1. A full squadron was not formed until November 1939. The first squadron commodore was Carl-August Schumacher .
| Rank | Surname | time |
|---|---|---|
| Lieutenant colonel | Carl-August Schumacher | November 30, 1939 to January 5, 1942 |
| major | Erich von Selle | January 6, 1942 - August 27, 1942 |
| Lieutenant colonel | Erich Mix | August 1942 - March 31, 1943 |
| Lieutenant colonel | Hans Philipp | April 1, 1943 - October 8, 1943 |
| major | Hermann Graf | October 1943 - November 10, 1943 |
| Colonel | Walter Oesau | November 12, 1943 - May 11, 1944 |
| major | Oskar-Heinrich Bear | May 12, 1944 - May 20, 1944 |
| Colonel | Herbert Ihlefeld | May 20, 1944 - May 8, 1945 |
Group commanders
- I. group
- Major Bernhard Woldenga , May 1, 1939 - February 1940
- Captain Joachim Schlichting, February 13, 1940 - July 5, 1940
- First Lieutenant Erich Mix , September 1941 - August 1942
- Major Fritz Losigkeit, April 1, 1943
- Captain Hans Ehlers, April 17, 1944
- II group
- Captain Hans von Hahn, January 15, 1942 - June 1942
- First Lieutenant Detlev Rohwer, June 20, 1942 - October 1942
- Captain Robert Olejnik, May 1943 - June 28, 1943
- Major Heinrich Bär , March 15, 1944 - May 12, 1944
- First Lieutenant Georg-Peter Eder, May 13, 1944 - June 1944
- Lieutenant Rüdiger Kirchmayr, June 1944 - July 1944
- Captain Hermann Staiger, August 1, 1944 - January 1945
- Captain Paul-Heinrich Dähne, March 1945 - April 24, 1945
- III. group
- Major Karl-Heinz Leesmann, April 1, 1943 - July 25, 1943
- Captain Robert Olejnik, July 26, 1943 - October 8, 1943
- Major Hartmann Grasser, April 27, 1944 - May 31, 1944
- Captain Karl-Heinz Weber, June 3, 1944 - June 7, 1944
- Captain Alfred Grislawski, June 7, 1944 - June 1944
- Captain Heinz Knoke , August 13, 1944 - October 1944
- Captain Erich Woitke, October 1944 - December 24, 1944
Known squadron members
- Heinz Knoke (1921–1993), was from 1951 to 1952, for the Socialist Reich Party , member of the Lower Saxony state parliament
- Heinz Melkus (1928–2005) was an automobile racing driver and designer of racing cars
- Otto H. Schiele (1922–2012), was an industry manager
- Fritz Wegner (1922–2007) was from 1981 to 1983, as lieutenant general in the air force of the Bundeswehr , commanding general of the air fleet command
literature
- Donald Caldwell, Richard Muller: The Luftwaffe Over Germany: Defense of the Reich . MBI Publishing Company, 2007, ISBN 978-1-84832-741-2 , p. 304 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
- Wolfgang Dierich: The air force associations 1935-1945 . Outlines and short chronicles, a documentation. Ed .: Wolfgang Dierich. Verlag Heinz Nickel , Zweibrücken 1993, ISBN 3-925480-15-3 (703 pages).
- John Foreman: Over the Beaches: The Air War Over Normandy and Europe 1st – 30th June 1944 . Air Research, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 1-871187-26-5 .
- Norman Franks: Royal Air Force Losses of the Second World War. Volume 2. Operational Losses: Aircraft and crews 1942–1943 . Midland Publishing Limited, 1998, ISBN 1-85780-075-3 .
- Norman Franks: Royal Air Force Losses of the Second World War. Volume 3. Operational Losses: Aircraft and crews 1944-1945 (incorporating Air Defense Great Britain and 2nd TAF) . Midland Publishing Limited, 1998, ISBN 1-85780-093-1 .
- Greg Goebel: The Heinkel He-162 Volksjaeger. (No longer available online.) Formerly in the original ; accessed on May 22, 2018 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )
- Michael Holm: Jagdgeschwader 1 "Oesau" Organization. Retrieved May 22, 2018 .
- John Manrho, Putz, Ron: Base plate: The Luftwaffe's Last Hope, The Attack on Allied Airfields New Year's Day 1945 . Hikoki Publications, 2004, ISBN 1-902109-40-6 .
- Helmut Mauermann: Störmede Air Base. A chronicle in words and pictures . H. Mauerman (self-published), Lippetal 2005, ISBN 3-00-015708-5 .
- Charles Messenger: The Chronological Atlas of World War Two . Macmillan Publishers, 1989, ISBN 0-02-584391-5 .
- Eric Mombeek: Missing In Action JG 1. Retrieved November 3, 2008 .
- Eric Mombeek: Defenders of the Reich: Jagdgeschwder 1 Volume Three 1944–1945 . Classic Publications, 2003, ISBN 1-903223-03-2 .
- Danny S. Parker, Richard Muller: To Win The Winter Sky: The Air War Over the Ardennes, 1944-1945 . Da Capo Press, 1998, ISBN 1-58097-006-0 , pp. 528 , p. 304 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
- Alfred Price: The Last Year of the Luftwaffe, May 1944 to May 1945 . Arms & Armor, 1991, ISBN 1-85409-189-1 , p. 224 .
- Jagdgeschwader 1 Oesau. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on February 6, 2008 ; Retrieved September 12, 2008 .
- John Schuelke: A Fighter Group in Normandy. Retrieved October 1, 2008 . In: Air Force Association Journal. 4, No. October 1995, October 1995.
- Christopher Shores, Chris Thomas: 2nd Tactical Air Force. Volume III: From the Rhine to Victory: January to May 1945 . Classic Publications, 2006, ISBN 1-903223-60-1 .
- Robert Stedman, Mike Chappell: Luftwaffe Air & Ground Crew 1939–45 . Osprey Publishing, 2002, ISBN 1-78200-685-0 , p. 48 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
- Claes Sundin, Christer Bergström: More Luftwaffe Fighter Aircraft in Profile . Schiffer Publishing, 2002, ISBN 0-7643-1559-5 , p. 56 .
- John Weal: Focke-Wulf Fw 190 Aces of the Western Front . Osprey Publishing, 1996, ISBN 1-85532-595-0 , p. 96 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
- John Weal: Bf 109 F / G / K Aces of the Western Front . Osprey Publishing, 1999, ISBN 1-85532-905-0 , p. 96 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
- John Weal: Jagdgeschwader 54 'Grünherz' . Osprey Publishing, 2001, ISBN 1-84176-286-5 , p. 128 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
- John Weal: Jagdgeschwader 27 'Africa' . Osprey Publishing, 2003, ISBN 1-84176-538-4 , p. 128 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
- John Weal: Bf 109 Defense of the Reich Aces . Osprey Publishing, 2006, ISBN 1-84176-879-0 , p. 96 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
- Gordon Williamson, Ramiro Bujeiro: Knight's Cross and Oak-Leaves Recipients 1939-40 . Osprey Publishing, 2004, ISBN 1-84176-641-0 , p. 64 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
Web links
- II Group, Jagdgeschwader 1 (1942–1945). (No longer available online.) Formerly in the original ; accessed on May 22, 2018 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )
