War crimes trial
In a war crimes trial of the accused in a be war committed crimes established in court and criminal penalties.
After the Second World War there were several lawsuits brought against German and Japanese war criminals by the victorious powers , some of them before an International Military Tribunal (IMT) ( Nuremberg Trials ), before military courts of the individual victorious powers, before courts of the countries occupied by Germany and also took place before German courts in both the Federal Republic and the GDR . In Japan , which was occupied by the Allies, there were also several trials of war criminals after 1946.
Regardless of the fact that only members of the defeated nations were brought to justice in these trials, the reasons for their verdicts can be seen as the beginning of international criminal law .
The first international war crimes trials, which no longer dealt with crimes during the Second World War, began in 1993 in The Hague to deal with the events of the Yugoslav wars . In 1998, at a conference in Rome, the founding of the International Criminal Court (ICC) was decided, which is the first permanent international criminal court and is not limited to a specific conflict.
List of war crimes trials
The list contains a selection of war crimes trials after the end of the First World War without claiming to be exhaustive.
| Year (s) | designation | Place of negotiations | content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1921-1927 | Leipzig trials | Leipzig | Charges against German war criminals |
| 1945-1949 | Nuremberg Trials | Nuremberg | Indictment against those responsible for National Socialism |
| 1945-1946 | Nuremberg Trial of the Major War Criminals | Nuremberg | The indictment of those primarily responsible for the horrors of World War II |
| 1945-1948 | Dachau trials | Dachau concentration camp | Charge u. a. against teams from different concentration camps |
| 1945-1947 | Aviation trials | together with the Dachau processes in Dachau | Charges of killing and ill-treatment of incapacitated aircrews. |
| 1945-1949 | Guam War Crimes Trials | Kwajalein , Chichi-jima , Truk Islands , Guam | War crimes charges during the Pacific War |
| 1946-1949 | Yokohama War Crimes Trials | Yokohama | War crimes charges during the Pacific War |
| 1946-1947/1966 | Ravensbrück Trials | Hamburg and Rastatt | Trials against those responsible at the Ravensbrück concentration camp |
| 1946-1948 | Tokyo trials | Tokyo | Trial against high Japanese military |
| 1949 | Khabarovsk war crimes trials | Khabarovsk | Negotiations against members of the Japanese Guandong Army |
| 1950 | Waldheim trials | Waldheim | Rapid Trials of War Criminals of the Second World War |
| 1959 | Santiago pilots trials | Santiago de Cuba | Revolutionary tribunal against members of the Cuban Air Force |
| 1961 | Eichmann trial | Jerusalem | Indictment as a key figure in the Holocaust |
| 1963-1968 | Auschwitz trials | Frankfurt am Main | Charges against those responsible for the Auschwitz concentration camp |
| Since 1993 | International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia | The hague | Prosecuting serious crimes during the Yugoslav Wars |
| since 1994 | International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda | Arusha (Tanzania) | Coming to terms with what happened during the genocide in Rwanda |
| since 2002 | Special Court for Sierra Leone | Freetown | Prosecuting crimes during the civil war in Sierra Leone |
| since 2004 | Khmer Rouge Tribunal | Phnom Penh | Crimes of the Khmer Rouge |
| since 2002 | International Criminal Court | The hague | first permanent international criminal court, u. a. Thomas Lubanga , Jean-Pierre Bemba |
See also
literature
- Kevin Jon Heller and Gerry Simpson (Eds.): The Hidden Histories of War Crimes Trials . Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York 2013, ISBN 9780199671144 .
- Daniel Marc Segesser: Justice instead of revenge or revenge through justice? The prosecution of war crimes in the international scientific debate 1872-1945 . Ferdinand Schöningh Verlag, Paderborn et al. 2010, ISBN 978-3-506-76399-0 , ( War in History 38).
- The trial of the major war criminals before the International Military Tribunal. Nuremberg November 14, 1945 - October 1, 1946 . German edition. Approved special edition, photomechanical reprint Nuremberg, 1947-49 . Komet, Frechen 2001, ISBN 3-89836-121-7 .
