Saverne

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Saverne
Zàwere
Saverne coat of arms
Saverne (France)
Saverne
region Grand Est
Department Bas-Rhin
Arrondissement Saverne ( sub-prefecture )
Canton Saverne
Community association Pays de Saverne
Coordinates 48 ° 44 ′  N , 7 ° 22 ′  E Coordinates: 48 ° 44 ′  N , 7 ° 22 ′  E
height 177-463 m
surface 26.01 km 2
Residents 11,239 (January 1, 2017)
Population density 432 inhabitants / km 2
Post Code 67700
INSEE code 67437
Website http://www.saverne.fr/

Saverne [ sa'vɛʀn ] (German Zabern , Alsatian Zàwere [ ˈd̥sɒvəʀə ]) is a municipality in Lower Alsace , located on the Zorn and the Rhine-Marne Canal , which runs parallel to it . The settlement has been attested since late Roman times; As a result of the partitions of the Franconian Empire , the place came in 870 to Eastern Franconia , which later became part of the Roman-German Empire . The municipality has belonged to France since 1680 and has been part of the Bas-Rhin department since 1790 . Since February 13, 2014 the municipality of Zabern has been bilingual within the meaning of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages .

history

Saverne is attested as a Roman military station (tribus) Tabernis 'at the (three) taverns' to secure the Zaberner Steige , a Vosges crossing on the Roman road Strasbourg - Metz , since the 4th century; As the capital of a civitas in the province of Germania superior , the settlement became an administrative center. Since the settlement by the Alemanni in the 5th century, Saverne belonged to the German-speaking area ; The place name appears in 841 in Nithard ( ad Zabarnam ), it apparently came into Germanic before the High German phonetic shift , which explains the initial sound of both the German and the French name form.

At the time of the Franks , Saverne belonged to the diocese of Metz , which was part of the Middle Kingdom of Lothar I with the Treaty of Verdun of 843 and was added to Eastern Franconia in 870 in the Treaty of Meerssen in 870 . In the 12th century the city came into the possession of Strasbourg; Between 1414 and the beginning of the French Revolution in 1789, Saverne served as the residence of the Strasbourg bishops. In the meantime, the city has been the focus of armed conflicts several times. In the 14th and 15th centuries, Saverne had to fight off the English and the Armagnaks . During the Peasants' War , the rebellious peasants moved into their headquarters there in 1525 under their leader Erasmus Gerber . After they laid down their arms, Duke Anton von Lorraine promised them free retreat. Landsknechte, however, killed around 18,000 peasants against the will of the duke.

The city ​​was also fought over during the Thirty Years' War and changed hands several times. In 1635, the imperial lieutenant general Matthias Gallas chose the city as his headquarters during the campaign to Burgundy. From here he ruled the Vosges Gap and the access to France with the cities of Belfort and Montbéliard. On July 16, 1636, the besieged city capitulated after five repulsed assault attacks by a French army under Bernhard von Sachsen-Weimar . In the Peace of Westphalia , Saverne was again awarded to the Strasbourg bishop. In the course of the reunion policy of Louis XIV. The city came under French rule in 1680. From 1704 the prince-bishops from the Rohan family resided in the castle.

Entrance side of the castle during the Zabern affair (1913), in the foreground a military patrol with a sidelight

With the administrative redistribution of the country during the French Revolution , the city became the capital of the canton of Saverne in the Bas-Rhin department in 1790 and also the seat of the sub-prefecture of the Saverne arrondissement in 1800 ; This came after the Franco-Prussian War in 1871 as the district of Zabern of the Reichsland Alsace-Lorraine to the German Empire , which returned to France after the First World War with the entry into force of the Versailles Peace Treaty in January 1920. From 1877 to 1890 Zabern was the location of the Rhenish Jäger Battalion No. 8 . From 1890 to 1918 two battalions of the 2nd Upper Rhine Infantry Regiment No. 99 were garrisoned in the Rohan Castle in Zabern . Important infrastructure buildings still in use today, such as the Saverne train station and the post office, date from this period . At the end of 1913 there was a constitutional crisis in the German Reich after an officer of this regiment had insulted the Alsatian local population as " Wackes ", which subsequently led to demonstrations by the local population and an exaggerated backlash by the military (" Zabern Affair ").

In January 1945, Wehrmacht troops tried unsuccessfully to retake Saverne and other places in a winter offensive called Company Nordwind .

Since 1945 the French official and school language has pushed back the German language and thus also the Alsatian dialect . But there have been and still are efforts to preserve it.

Demographics

Annual population figures while belonging to the Reichsland Alsace-Lorraine (1871-1919)
year population Remarks
1872 5189
1890 7341 thereof 1882 Evangelicals, 5142 Catholics, 313 Jews
1905 8937 , with the garrison (two battalions from the 99th Infantry Regiment), 2290 of them Evangelicals, 325 Jews
1910 9153
Population figures after the Second World War
year 1962 1968 1975 1982 1990 1999 2007 2017
Residents 9856 9682 10.170 10,327 10,278 11,201 11,966 11,239

Attractions

Park side facade of Rohan Castle
Old town

The most prominent building in the city is the Rohan Castle , built in 1790 . On the park side it has a 140 m long monumental facade made of red sandstone. It is the longest neo-classical castle facade in all of France. The building, which has been converted several times, houses, among other things, the city museum with a rich archaeological collection, some regional works of art from the Middle Ages and the Renaissance as well as the collection of works from the 20th century donated by Louise Weiss .

The old town of Saverne has numerous half-timbered buildings from the 16th and 17th centuries. a. the house of the land clerk Katz in the main street.

The parish church " Notre-Dame-de-la-Nativité " (former collegiate church) with a Romanesque west tower and late Gothic nave ( cathedral builder Hans Hammer ) has high-quality furnishings: pulpit (Hans Hammer, 1495), figure group "The Lamentation of Christ" ( Hans Daucher, around 1500), glass window ( Peter Hemmel , late 15th century).

The former collegiate church of the Steigerherren from 1303 with its frescoed cloister is also worth seeing.

A technical attraction is the nearby Saint-Louis / Arzviller boat lift (Plan incliné de Saint-Louis / Arzviller) in the Rhine-Marne Canal.

From the ruins of Hohbarr (Château du Haut-Barr) over the city, you have a good view of the city, the Rhine plain and the Vosges crossing. The Greifenstein (Griffon) ruins are on the opposite side of the Zorn Valley .

In the city there is the Rosarium Roseraie de Saverne , just outside the Botanical Garden botanique Jardin de Saverne .

  • Half-timbered house "Maison Katz", High Renaissance (1605)

  • Romanesque west tower of the "Eglise-Notre-Dame-de-la-Nativité"

  • Old castle

Town twinning

economy

The main sources of income in Saverne are mechanical engineering ( Kuhn Agricultural Machinery ), watchmaking, brewing ( Brasserie Licorne SAS ) and printing as well as tourism.

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

People connected to the city

literature

Web links

Commons : Saverne  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Saverne in the Topographia Alsatiae (M. Merian)  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Charter of the City of Zabern for the Promotion of the Regional Language on the basis of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (server of the Council of Europe)
  2. ↑ a b Wulf Müller, Zabern , in: Manfred Niemeyer (Hrsg.), German book of local names , Berlin 2012, p. 713.
  3. ↑ Charter of the City of Zabern for the Promotion of the Regional Language on the basis of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages
  4. ↑ GenWiki: Rhenish Jäger Battalion No. 8th
  5. ^ Complete geographic-topographical-statistical local lexicon of Alsace-Lorraine. Contains: the cities, towns, villages, castles, communities, hamlets, mines and steel works, farms, mills, ruins, mineral springs, etc. with details of the geographical location, factory, industrial and other commercial activity, the post, railway u. Telegraph stations and the like historical notes etc. Adapted from official sources by H. Rudolph. Louis Zander, Leipzig 1872, Sp. 69 ( online )
  6. ↑ a b c M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)
  7. ^ Meyer's Large Conversational Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 20, Leipzig / Vienna 1909, pp. 829–830 ( online )