Quatzenheim

Quatzenheim
region	Grand Est
Department	Bas-Rhin (Lower Alsace)
Arrondissement	Saverne (Zabern)
Canton	Bouxwiller (Buchsweiler)
Community association	Kochersberg (official seat: Truchtersheim )
Coordinates	48 ° 38 '  N , 7 ° 34'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 38 '  N , 7 ° 34'  E
height	156-193 m
surface	3.07 km 2
Residents	781 (January 1, 2017)
Population density	254 inhabitants / km 2
Post Code	67117
INSEE code	67382
Quatzenheim Protestant Church

Quatzenheim is a French commune with 781 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2017) in the Bas-Rhin (Lower Rhine ) department in the Grand Est region ( Alsace until 2015 ). On January 1, 2015, the municipality moved from the Arrondissement Strasbourg-Campagne to the Arrondissement Saverne .

geography

Quatzenheim is located between Furdenheim in the southwest and Wiwersheim in the northeast, 14 kilometers northwest of Strasbourg . The Souffel / Suffel , a left tributary of the Ill , flows through the municipality.

The neighboring municipalities are clockwise: Dossenheim-Kochersberg (north), Wiwersheim / Truchtersheim (northeast), Hurtigheim / Hürtigheim (east), Ittenheim / Strasbourg (southeast), Furdenheim / Fürdenheim (south), Marlenheim (southwest), Fessenheim-le- Bas / Niederfessenheim (west), Kuttolsheim / Küttolsheim (northwest).

history

The name of the village Quatzenheim to the Germanic tribe of the chat , chat home, go back. Quatzenheim is located on the former Roman road that led from Strasbourg to Saverne (Zabern) and which is still used today in part as a departmental road. Several feudal lords of the place have been documented since the High Middle Ages . In the 14th century the village was owned by the von Müllenheim noble family , who had been among the most respected families of the Strasbourg patriciate since the late Middle Ages. Walter Müllheim, canons of the Church Jung-St.Peter in Strasbourg , provost of Rheinau , while Vogt of Reichenweier and governor of the provincial governor in Breisgau , made in the 14th century in Quatzenheim build a noble residence. In 1674, Quatzenheim Castle was destroyed during the Dutch War (1672–1679) as a result of the Battle of Enzheim . In the battle, Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne's French troops met the imperial troops of the Holy Roman Empire . The castle chapel, which was the only remnant of the complex, now serves as the village church of Quatzenheim.

The Reformation was introduced in 1539 by the Landsberg family. The Protestant church with a wooden, slate-covered bell tower (2 bells), has a two-axis, flat-roofed nave and a straight-end, rib-vaulted choir extension from the 18th century. Inside the church there are grave steles from the 18th century, which remember members of local noble families.

The noble Landsberg family acquired the village in the 16th century . It then fell to the Rathsamshausen dynasty through inheritance law and in 1714 to the nobles of Oberkirch , who owned Quatzenheim until the French Revolution .

In 1793 Quatzenheim received the status of a municipality in the course of the French Revolution with a population of 285 at that time and in 1801 the right to local self-government. From 1871 to 1918 the municipality belonged to the German Empire as part of the realm of Alsace-Lorraine . After the First World War , the Treaty of Versailles stipulated that the area ceded in 1871 was re-annexed to France.

With the conclusion of the western campaign in 1940, the German Wehrmacht initially occupied Quatzenheim, placed it under German civil administration and arranged it with the Gau Baden to form the new Gau Baden-Alsace . Through the de facto annexation , the German Reich took over again the sovereignty. In the military offensive from November 1944 onwards , the Allies advanced, with the participation of the newly formed French 1 ^re Armée in Quatzenheim and annexed it back to France.

From the 18th century until 1940 there was a larger Jewish community in Quatzenheim. In 1777 a private house was used as a house of prayer, which was converted into the Quatzenheim synagogue in 1819 . From 1939 to 1945 it was stripped of its furniture and then served as a communal meeting room. After the war, religious services were still held there occasionally until 1980. Today the former synagogue serves as a residential building. The Jewish community was decimated by Nazi deportations. A school for Jewish children was built near the former synagogue in Quatzenheim around 1869 and was used until 1928. Today the building serves as a residential building and as a branch of the post office. Quatzenheim was the seat of a rabbinate from 1880 to 1910. Another facility of the Jewish community was and is the Quatzenheim Jewish cemetery on the eastern edge of the village. It was laid out in 1793 and is still in use today. In February 2019, strangers desecrated almost 100 graves in the Jewish cemetery in Quatzenheim and sprayed gravestones with blue or yellow swastikas. One of the tombs bore the sprayed-on words Alsatian Black Wolfe, formulated in incorrect German, which refer to the Black Wolves , a militant, German-nationalist organization of Alsatian separatists whose members carried out a series of arson and explosive attacks in Alsace in the 1970s and early 1980s committed against symbols of the French statehood as well as numerous propaganda offenses in the form of graffiti. On February 19, 2019, President Emmanuel Macron got an idea of ​​the extent of the anti-Semitic action in the cemetery.

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  Village church (left) and former synagogue of Quatzenheim (right half-timbered house)

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  Half-timbered house in the main street

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  Quatzenheim town hall and school

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  Quatzenheim Jewish cemetery

Population development

Number of inhabitants
(source: INSEE)

year	1962	1968	1975	1982	1990	1999	2007	2017
Residents	450	467	499	540	557	710	775	781

coat of arms

Blazon : "In black, a silver, gold-crowned and red-tongued lion."

literature

• Le Patrimoine des Communes du Bas-Rhin. Flohic Editions, Volume 2, Charenton-le-Pont 1999, ISBN 2-84234-055-8 , pp. 1455-1457.

Web links

Commons : Quatzenheim  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ legifrance.gouv.fr
2. ↑ 1127: Impertus von Quatzenheim, 1147: Kuno von Quatzenheim, 1170. Reinfried, 1280: Bolso, 1322: Katharina von Quatzenheim
3. ↑ Müllheim (Mullenheim, Mùlnheim) of the German Biography
4. ↑ jds.fr accessed on February 19, 2019.
5. ^ Quatzenheim on Cassini.ehess.fr, accessed on November 22, 2009 (French).
6. ↑ Article 27, paragraph 3
7. ↑ quatzenheim.fr , accessed on February 19, 2019.
8. ^ Quatzenheim in Base Mérimée, accessed on November 21, 2009 (French).
9. ^ "Bas-Rhin: 96 sépultures d'un cimetière juif profanées" , RTL 19 February 2019.
10. ↑ swr.de , accessed on February 19, 2019.
11. ↑ Quatzenheim on the Insee website.