Müllenheim
Müllenheim (incorrectly also Mühlenheim ) is the name of an old Strasbourg patrician family . The lords , knights and barons of Müllenheim belonged to the Alsatian nobility .
history
The family with Berthold (Bertholdus) was first mentioned in a document according to Rotulus from St. Peter's Monastery in the Black Forest ( Sanpetrinus ) in 1108 as a donor from the town of Müllheim in Markgräflerland ( Villa Mulinhaimo ). In the document of the monastery, in a further entry from the time between 1111 and 1152 in the context of the investiture dispute, the resident "gender of those von Mulnhen" ( Alemannic place name, today Müllen ) is clearly mentioned, who as ministerial (service men) of the Zähringer his property there lost as dowry to them: "De domo ducis Berhtoldus de Mulenheim et filii eius Rudolf, Berhtold, Heinricus, Conrat et nepos ipsorum Hugo de Hugelheim et filii eius Rudolfus, Ruthardus quoque et Lucilius de Mulenheim". The knight Burkard (Burcardus) and his brothers were mentioned in 1183 as witnesses at the foundation of the Rufach Abbey in Upper Alsace .
The uninterrupted line of trunks begins in 1225 with the mention of Johann (Johannis) von Mülnheim, episcopal wine knife from Strasbourg, in a document from the St. Peter Chapter there . Another Burkhard housed the Roman-German King Rudolf I in 1284 , who thereupon gave him the ford of "Gravenstaden vor der Hate" (today Illkirch-Graffenstaden ) with the right to collect a toll there. Since there was no bridge over the Rhine , the only way to cross the river was via this ford, which the Strasbourgers had previously done for free; In 1391 the ford fell back to the city. Together with Walther von Mülnheim, who was already known as a knight in 1290, and from 1284–87 conductor of the Bishop of Strasbourg , all branches of the family can be traced back to these two. Several members of the family ended up in the patriciate of the free imperial city and belonged there to the so-called regimental families. When the Müllenheim advanced large sums of money to the kings, the bishops of Strasbourg and the Alsatian nobility, they acquired pensions, pledges and fiefs.
The family formed three main lines in the 13th century: the “Burkhard Line”, which died out in the 15th century, the “Johannes Line”, which went out again with Philip Andreas von Müllenheim- Rosenburg in 1684, and the “Heinrich Line” “, From which all today's bearers of the name descend. This Heinrich von Mülnheim, Knight of the Teutonic Order , was King Ludwig IX. followed to Tunis in the seventh crusade in 1270 . If he should see his hometown Strasbourg again, he vowed to build a church in gratitude, whereupon after a successful journey home he finally donated the Wilhelmskirche in 1300 . On July 14, 1327, he bought an empty monastery complex in front of the city walls of Strasbourg from the Premonstratensians of the Allerheiligen monastery in Oppenau in the Black Forest for 140 silver marks, which until shortly before had belonged to the sack brothers , who were banned at the Second Council of Lyon . He donated this “Old Prayer House of All Saints” as entails , which from then on served the family as a burial place and memorial church until it was destroyed in the French Revolution ; a rescued stained glass window hangs today in the Musée national du Moyen Age in Paris . Heinrich also leased the episcopal customs in Strasbourg and lent the Habsburgs 3,500 silver marks in 1314 , for which he was a pledge and a. the castle Ortenberg received that belonged to his descendants until 1551 as a common rule.
From 1295 the Müllenheim sat for the first time in the council of the city of Strasbourg. In the following years the noble families split into two rival parties, the leaders of which were the Müllenheim (meeting point in the drinking room at Mühlenstein) and the Zorn (drinking room at Hohensteg). Due to the great rivalry between the two sexes, the Palatinate (the former town hall) received two additional entrances with steps, one for the Müllenheim and one for the Zorn. After a party at the court of Müllenheim in Brantgasse, a bloody fight broke out on May 20, 1332 between the two groups, which went down in the chronicles as the “Geschell der Zorn und Müllenheim”. 21 noblemen were slain and the guilds used the opportunity to break the rule of the nobility. From 1333 onwards, the four Stettmeisters (mayors) elected by the noble families were provided with a bourgeois Ammeister (council spokesman). At that time, many family members left the city in protest because of their dwindling influence and allied themselves with the bishop against the imperial city regiment. Until the guild uprising and the Jewish pogrom in 1349 , no representative of the two conflicting sexes was represented in the magistrate. Members of the family then appointed a Stettmeister 39 times and sat on the council 171 times.
During the so-called Dachstein War , Hans von Mülnheim opened the city gate of Dachstein to the migrants and Burchard von Mülnheim, 1411-25 Reichsschultheiß von Hagenau , became the spokesman for this nobility alliance. Part of the family returned later and sat, such as Heinrich von Mülnheim-Landsberg in 1424, on the council again, while another part of Strasbourg turned its back on it and assimilated itself completely to the landed gentry.
Conrad, Lütold and Marquart von Mülnheim took part in the battle of Sempach against the Swiss Confederation of VIII. Orte and fell on July 9, 1386 alongside Leopold III. of Habsburg Austria ; they were buried with forty other lords and noble servants at the Königsfelden monastery in the canton of Aargau . Walter von Mülnheim was from 1383–94 provost of Rheinau , 1388–92 Vogt of Riquewihr and 1391 governor of the bailiff in Breisgau . Even in the 15th century, a few Müllenheim were still able to lend large sums of money (e.g. 17,100 Florentines to the Electoral Palatinate in 1427 ). Hans was court master of the Margrave of Baden from 1429–32 and from 1446–48 he was the high school teacher of Zabern . Ecclesiastical careers at Strasbourg convents and monasteries chose Sigelin I (1314-20) and Sigelin II. (1332-43) as the provosts of St. Thomas . Burkhard, as abbot from 1430–79 of the Sankt Walburga monastery, had the church choir rebuilt with its glass windows. Conrad, 1500-07 abbot of Gengenbach Monastery , was imprisoned in 1506 by his monks. The majority of the family joined the Reformation and so Christoph von Mülnheim (1505–68) and with him as head of the family the “Old Prayer House of All Saints” became Protestant on February 20, 1529 . Only a few, such as Heinrich, 1558–61 abbot of St. Pantaleon's monastery in Cologne , remained Catholic.
In the Strasbourg council, the participation of the Müllenheim gradually decreased until 1490, then stabilized at a low level and completely suspended between 1578 and 1637. After numerous fiefdoms, the individual branches of Müllenheim had now mainly settled in the countryside, primarily in Lower Alsace and Ortenau , residing in Westhoffen , Mutzig , Rosheim , Schlettstadt , Dambach , Hüttenheim and Mittelwihr . The political and economic crisis of the 17th century reduced their property, but thanks to the membership in the directory of the Lower Alsatian knighthood their prestige was preserved. When the Müllenheim-Westhoffen (or von Rosenburg ) line died out in 1684, only those bearers of the name going back to Blasius II of Müllenheim (around 1540–99) remained. His son Johann (Hans) Jakob von Müllenheim (1570–1633) is the progenitor of the Protestant line, which was later based in Prussia and is now divided into four branches, three of which are not classified as nobility . The re-Catholicized Müllenheim, who remained mainly in Alsace, go back to his younger brother Georg Melchior (1577–1639) .
Surrender document from Illkirch |
In 1681 Maria Esther von Müllenheim's husband, the Strasbourg Stettmeister Johann (Hans) Georg von Zedlitz , sought help from the Reich to avert the impending conquest of the imperial city by the troops of King Louis XIV of France under General Joseph de Montclar . Since this did not materialize, he finally had to co-sign the "Surrender Document of Illkirch" on September 30, 1681 in order to avoid greater suffering. After the French annexation of Alsace, many Müllenheim came to terms with the rulers; for example, Ludwig Heinrich (1668–1723) converted to Roman Catholicism in 1697 in order to be able to join the French army and with him as head of the family the “Old Prayer House of All Saints”. This new political-denominational line was gradually followed by almost all family members whom Louis XV. 1773, as well as the entire Lower Alsatian knighthood, granted the right to call themselves "baron" in future. Although the Müllenheim admitted to being assimilated by the French, they only got married with German, predominantly Alsatian noble families, such as the Wurmser von Vendenheim , Zorn von Plobsheim , Böcklin von Böcklinsau , Truchsess von Rheinfelden , Klinglin and Glaubitz . Numerous daughters of the family entered the women's monasteries of the Augustinian Choir Women BMV in Andlau and Ottmarsheim as canons .
At the beginning of the revolution, Franz Jakob Ferdinand von Müllenheim (born 1746), knighted on December 8, 1780 as a Knight of the Palatinate-Bavarian Order of St. George , emigrated to Santo Domingo and only returned to France under the Restoration in 1814 , where he did without in the same year Descendants in Bordeaux died. His older brother Anton Ferdinand Ludwig (1724–1823), formerly knight of the royal French order of lilies , chief hunter of the diocese of Strasbourg and member of the Alsatian provincial assembly , emigrated to Ettenheim in 1787 , where he became chief forester and chamberlain in Baden . Although the family had now lost all their Alsatian income and possessions, his son Ludwig Maria Eduard (1784–1867) returned to France in 1809 after two years of service in the Grand Duchy of Baden and was forcibly recruited into the Grande Armée of Napoleon Bonaparte , with whom he took part in campaigns in Spain , Portugal , Pomerania and Russia . In 1830 he settled in Stotzheim at the newly acquired Grünstein Castle, a current hotel where his descendants lived until a few years ago. At the gatehouse there, some rescued plaques from the “Old Prayer House of All Saints” that were destroyed during the revolution were put up. He was made an officer and his son Joseph Johann Maria Franz, sub-prefect and general secretary of Upper Alsace, was made a knight of the French Legion of Honor . One of the descendants of the Catholic branch, Patrice de Müllenheim (* 1949), took part in the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich for France as a marksman .
With Gebhard von Müllenheim zu Rechberg (1599–1673), son of Johann (Hans) Jakob, who first entered the service of the Roman-German emperor as chief hunter in Vienna , the evangelical line emigrated to the Kingdom of Poland in 1635 , where he was in the same Year was naturalized . In Poland-Lithuania he was appointed Royal Polish Chamberlain and Starost , as well as Grand Prince-Lithuanian Chief Hunter and Falcon Master. For himself and his family he acquired the goods Puchkeiten , Podollen , Blauschwarren, Stockheim , Liebenau , Donalkeim, Meistenfelde , Palpasch and Frischning, all around Königsberg in what was later to be East Prussia . By his son from his second marriage, Johann (Hans) Heinrich (1657-1773), the Konigsberg Amtshauptmann and later Erbherrn of Puschkeiten, come all namesakes with the supplementary "Rechenberg" in the name from that in 1886, 1900, 1902 and 1904 Received Prussian approval to use the title of baron. His son Theophil Gebhard (1686–1757), Brandenburg-Prussian colonel and Königsberg governor, was Lord of Tenkitten , and his son Friedrich Rudolph Casimir von Müllenheim and von Rechberg (1740–1814), royal Prussian major general and heir to Adlig Woduhnheim im Friedland County , took part in the Seven Years' War in 1757 , in the 1794 campaign against the uprising of the Republic of Poland-Lithuania around General Tadeusz Kościuszko and in 1806 in the Fourth Coalition War against Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte .
His nephew Carl Heinrich August von Müllenheim and von Rechberg (* 1775), Prussian officer and later major in the Napoleonic Kingdom of Westphalia , for which he died in the Battle of Leipzig in 1813 , adopted his adjutant Georg Carl Wilhelm Müldner (1782–1863) in 1810 , after his only son Adolph Heinrich August Gebhard (* 1803) died as a child in 1807. Elector Wilhelm II. Rose later Kurhessian General and Minister of War on 27 November 1830 in the hereditary nobility and allowed him the names Mehrung " of Mülnheim ", but under the leadership of another emblem. His great-grandson Georg Emil Theodor Müldner von Müllenheim (1873-1940) was battalion commander of the Lower Rhine Fusilier Regiment No. 39 on the Western Front (First World War) and then authorized representative of the Prussian War Ministry in Ukraine . His younger brother, Major Ludwig (Louis) Alfred Carl Oscar Müldner Müllheim (1876 to 1945), was Head of Cabinet of the court administration of the last Prussian Crown Prince Wilhelm and sat down together with the Chancellor Gustav Stresemann ( DVP ) for his return from the Netherlands Exile a. He was accused several times of being " half-Jewish " through his mother and on July 1, 1934, in the course of the Röhm Putsch , he was interned by the National Socialists in the Columbiahaus and then in the Lichtenburg concentration camp; he was the last male representative of the " Müldner von Müllenheim ".
Hermann Wilhelm Ludwig Georg Carl von Müllenheim and von Rechberg (1845–1903), Platzmajor in Strasbourg, brought about in 1881 that in the Neustadt district , the so-called "German Quarter" and today's UNESCO World Heritage Site , the two banks of the Strasbourg Ill - St. Helena Island, starting from the southern tip, respectively "Müllenheim-Staden" (French "Quai Müllenheim") and "Zorn-Staden" (French "Quai Zorn"), named after the two rival sexes. At this point of the island, between the Imperial Palace and the Kaiser Wilhelm University , the Protestant Paulskirche was inaugurated in 1897 . At the festivities in the presence of Kaiser Wilhelm II and his wife Auguste Viktoria , Hermann had around 1,000 of the “ Empress Auguste Viktoria ”, which was only bred in Trier in 1891, planted in the area in her honor , ivory-white roses with golden-yellow clusters , fragrant and suitable for the Family coat of arms of the Müllenheim. In addition, he was co-founder of " Sankt Michael - Association of German Nobles for the Care of History and Safeguarding Historically Justified Class Interests " and the author of numerous books and articles on family history. Richard Alexander Conrad Bernhard Burkard von Müllenheim-Rechberg (1910-2003) was adjutant of the German Naval Attaché in London from autumn 1938 and was the highest-ranking survivor when the battleship Bismarck sank in 1941. From 1958 to 1975 he was consul general and ambassador in the West Indies , Zaire , Canada and Tanzania , for which he was awarded the Federal Cross of Merit 1st Class in 1971 .
Gebhard's son from his first marriage, Wladislaus (Wladislaw) von Müllenheim (* 1641), took over as a Polish knight on September 12, 1683 under King Johann III. Sobieski took part in the battle of the Kahlenberg against the Ottoman siege and fell on April 23, 1689 as a captain under the Brandenburg-Prussian elector Friedrich III. during the liberation of Bonn, which was occupied by the French under Louis XIV . As of today, his descendants are divided into a total of three branches, which suffered a historical loss of ennoblement and initially settled in Silesia and Posen . The family branch around Bruno Ludwig Heinrich Müllenheim (1900–61), a trained bandagist master who had made it his mission to address the plight of the disabled soldiers of the first, descended from the landowner Heinrich Johann Müllenheim (around 1780-before 1875), who was born in Demibo world War alleviate. In the 1930s he emigrated from Beuthen to Braunschweig , where he had his family branch and founded the medical supply store Müllenheim , which is now an international company for cutting-edge technology in the field of orthopedics and rehabilitation , which is operated by the German Limbtech subsidiary in Dubai ( United Arab Emirates ) .
The two other branches that still exist today were formed from the grandchildren of Heinrich Johann's older brother, the Silesian economic clerk Carl August Müllenheim (* around 1775), who lived in Malpane . The wheelwright Friedrich Leopold (1843–77), who was born in Potulitz , settled in Eupen after the Franco-Prussian War of 1870/71 and founded the family branch there, which today is mainly based in the Rhineland and the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg . His sister Mathilde (Hilde) Emilie (1844–82) is a grandmother of Hildegard Thieme (1908–56), the mother of the Italian-German actor Mario Girotti alias Terence Hill .
The male descendants of the younger brother Christoph August Gotthard (1849-74), a businessman from the district Bromberg , only covered in the aftermath of World War II in the Lausitz and are found today all under the last name "Mill House" by a documentary typographical errors. Some descendants went from there to Tyrol and Carinthia and founded pensions in Schwendau near Mayrhofen in the Zillertal , in Maria Luggau in the Lesachtal and in Egg near Drobollach am Faaker See .
coat of arms
The first coat of arms of the sex is considered to be a sloping bar covered with three silver rafters. The helmet has a golden gooseneck with a red beak covered with three white balls on the back.
Since the family settled in Strasbourg, the family coat of arms shows a silver rose with a golden pin inside a golden shield border in red . The original crest was a red pointed hat with a silver rose and a bush of black cock feathers. Later on, different helmet decorations were used, depending on the branches. Even individual family members had special versions and so Johann Siebmacher came up with a total of 24 and Julius Kindler von Knobloch even with 86 different versions. The Müllenheim-Rechberg line , for example, carries a round, growing, red disk on a crowned helmet , on top of which is a golden rose, which is covered with a peacock feather on top; the helmet cover is always red and silver. Many modern bookplate Coat of Arms are embellished and with two vanishing in the mantling lion as a sign holder displayed. In addition, there is the coat of arms in Latin that goes with the entire symbolism of the rose: "Fortiter in re, suaviter in modo, semper florens!" (Translated: "Strong in the matter, lovely in the way, always blooming!").
Well-known namesake
- Gebhard von Müllenheim auf Puschkeiten († ~ 1635), Royal Polish Chamberlain and Starost (District Administrator)
- Rudolf Kasimir von Müllenheim (1740–1814), royal Prussian major general and heir to Adlig-Woduhnheim
- Franz Jakob Ferdinand von Müllenheim (1746–1814), Alsatian Grand Hunter of the Diocese of Strasbourg and member of the Alsatian Provincial Assembly
- Hermann Freiherr von Müllenheim (1845–1903), German historian
- Burkard Freiherr von Müllenheim-Rechberg (1910–2003), German diplomat, lieutenant captain at sea and author.
- Patrice de Müllenheim (* 1949), French marksman and participant in the 1972 Summer Olympics .
literature
- Genealogical manual of the nobility , Adelslexikon Volume IX, Volume 116 of the complete series, CA Starke Verlag , Limburg (Lahn) 1998, ISSN 0435-2408
- Erich Pelzer : Müllenheim, Alsatian family. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 18, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-428-00199-0 , p. 307 f. ( Digitized version ).
- Otto Hupp : Munich Calendar 1931 . Book u. Art Print AG, Munich / Regensburg 1931.
- Julius Kindler von Knobloch : Upper Baden gender book , pp. 129–147, Heidelberg 1919.
- Deutsche Adelsgenossenschaft (Ed.): Year book of the German nobility , Volume 2, 1898, published by WT Bruer, p. 609 - digitized
- Friedrich von Weech : The Rotulus Sanpetrinus. (Volume XV) Herder, Freiburg i. Br., 1882.
- Hermann von Müllenheim von Rechberg: The Geschöll of the von Müllenheim and Zorn 1332: A contribution to the local history of Strasbourg. Heitz, Strasbourg 1893. Digitized
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Working group for history and regional studies of the Markgräflerland (ed.): Müllheim Baden: From his history . Book printing company Gg. Uehlin, Schopfheim, 1961, p. 96-98 .
- ^ A b Hermann von Müllenheim von Rechberg: The Geschöll of the von Müllenheim and Zorn 1332: A contribution to the local history of Strasbourg . Heitz, Strasbourg 1893, p. 33 + 34 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j German biography: Müllenheim, from - German biography. Retrieved November 9, 2018 .
- ^ Knights of the Teutonic Order vowed celibate chastity ; how can it then be explained that he became the progenitor of all descendants still alive today?
- ^ The old prayer house of All Saints in Strasbourg - German digital library. Retrieved November 8, 2018 .
- ↑ Julius Naeher: Copper engraving of the Palatinate in Strasbourg with the rise of Müllenheim. Retrieved May 8, 2020 .
- ↑ Julius Naeher: Copper engraving from the court of Müllenheim in Brantgasse. Retrieved May 8, 2020 .
- ↑ Julius Kindler von Knobloch: Upper Baden gender book (Volume 3). Retrieved May 8, 2020 .
- ↑ Wappenbuch the Strasbourg Stettmeister and Ammeister. Retrieved May 8, 2020 .
- ^ Thurgau Chronicle, written at the beginning of the 15th century .
- ↑ Anonymous Austrian Chronicle in Stuttgart, handwriting 16th century .
- ^ Conrad Schnitt: Book of Arms of the Basler families . 1530.
- ↑ Eydgnössisch-Swiss Regiment Ehren-Spiegel .
- ↑ Melchior Russ: Lucerne Chronicle . 1482.
- ^ Family book of the Barons von Müllenheim ›Home genealogy and genealogy . ( rambow.de [accessed on November 11, 2018]).
- ^ Engraved coat of arms. Franz Jacob Ferdinand v. Müllenheim. von Wappen - Müllenheim (also Mullenheim or Mùlnheim), Franz Jakob von :: Munich, Gebr. Klauber, 1809. - Antiquarian Thomas Rezek. Retrieved November 10, 2018 .
- ↑ a b Patrice de Mullenheim . In: Sports Reference . Retrieved February 14, 2016.
- ^ Profile of Friedrich Rudolph Casimir von Müllenheim and von Rechberg. Retrieved November 10, 2018 .
- ^ Hans Lieber: Karl Müldner von Mülnheim (1782–1863) / Lieutenant General and Adjutant General . In: Ingeborg Schnack (Ed.): Life pictures from Kurhessen and Waldeck 1830–1930 . Vol. 4, Marburg 1950 (= publications of the Historical Commission for Hesse and Waldeck , 20.4), pp. 223-233.
- ^ Wilhelm Rogge-Ludwig: Karl Müldner von Mülnheim. Lieutenant General and Adjutant General of Elector Wilhelm II of Hesse. A Hessian picture of time and life , Kassel 1885.
- ↑ Ludovic Valente: Bnl viewer. Retrieved November 10, 2018 .
- ↑ Kurt Koszyk : Gustav Stresemann: The democrat loyal to the emperor. A biography. Kiepenheuer & Witsch , Cologne 1989, p. 266 f .; see. Representation of the process in the files of the Reich Chancellery in the Federal Archives : The return of the Crown Prince .
- ↑ For his loyal service he received several medals, such as the Schaumburg-Lippische Ehrenkreuz IV. Class, the Reussische Ehrenkreuz III. Class, became Knight of Honor of the Order of St. John , on January 10, 1918 he received the Knight's Cross II. Class of the Order of the Zähringer Lion with Swords and Oak Leaves, later the Knight's Cross First Class of the Albrecht Order with Swords, and on May 25, 1918 the Knight's Cross of the Royal House Order of Hohenzollern with swords on May 25, 1918. (Willi Geile: The Knights of the Royal House Order of Hohenzollern with Swords in the First World War. (= Statistical elaborations on the Phaleristics of Germany. Volume IV.) PHV, Offenburg 1997.)
- ^ Article "Kaiserliches", in: (Nürnberger) Völkisches Echo from June 20, 1924.
- ↑ All information on Müllenheim-Staden / Quai Müllenheim ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ All information on Zorn-Staden / Quai Zorn ( Memento from October 5, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Battleship Bismarck. A survivor in his time. P. 20.
- ^ Müllenheim history: Medical supply store with tradition. Retrieved November 10, 2018 .
- ^ Terence Hill - The Exclusive Biography, ISBN 978-3-86883-203-7 . ( Online , PDF)
- ↑ Johann Siebmacher's Wappenbuch from 1701, Volume 3, Plate 146 and Plate 147
- ↑ Coat of arms with shield holder and saying. Retrieved May 7, 2020 .