District of Bromberg

The district of Bromberg within the boundaries from 1772 to 1807

City and district of Bromberg on a map from 1913

Administrative division of the Province of Posen (as of 1919) District Bydgoszcz District Posen

The district of Bromberg (until 1875 district of Bromberg ) was a Prussian district that existed between 1772 and 1920 with different delimitations. It initially belonged to the Netzedistrikt and since 1815 to the administrative district of Bydgoszcz of the Province of Poznan . His district town Bromberg formed its own urban district since 1875 . From 1939 to 1945 the district was set up again in occupied Poland .

history

Since the first partition of Poland in 1772, the Bromberg district has been one of the four districts of the Netzedistrikt in the Prussian province of West Prussia . In 1794 the city of Bydgoszcz was temporarily retaken from Poland during the Kościuszko uprising . During the French era , the Bydgoszcz district was incorporated into the Duchy of Warsaw through the Peace of Tilsit in 1807 .

The entire network district was reassigned to the Kingdom of Prussia at the Congress of Vienna on May 15, 1815. Its southeastern part with the district of Bromberg came to the administrative district of Bromberg in the province of West Prussia. As part of a first district reform in the district of Bromberg on July 1, 1816, the district of Bromberg ceded the city of Exin to the district of Wirsitz . During a second district reform on January 1, 1818, the Bromberg district was significantly reduced in size. The towns of Mrotschen and Nakel and their surroundings came to the district of Wirsitz, the towns of Bartschin , Labischin , Rynarschewo and Schubin and their surroundings came to the new district of Schubin and another part of the area came to the district of Inowrazlaw . Since then, the district of Bromberg has included the cities of Bromberg, Fordon, Polish Crown and Schulitz, the domain offices of Bromberg and Polish Crown and a number of noble estates. The district office was set up in Bromberg.

As part of the province of Posen, the district of Bromberg also became part of the newly founded German Empire on January 18, 1871 , against which the Polish deputies protested in the new Reichstag on April 1, 1871. On May 29, 1875, the city of Bromberg left the district and formed its own urban district . The remaining district has since been called the Bromberg district .

On December 27, 1918, the Greater Poland uprising of the Polish majority against German rule began in the province of Posen , but the district of Bromberg remained under German control. On February 16, 1919, an armistice ended the Polish-German fighting. On June 28, 1919, the German government had to cede the district of Bromberg and the predominantly German-populated city of Bromberg to Poland under the provisions of the Versailles Treaty . On November 25, 1919, Germany and Poland concluded an agreement on the evacuation of state facilities and the transfer of the areas to be ceded, which was ratified on January 10, 1920. The state facilities were evacuated and handed over to Poland between January 17 and February 4, 1920; the city of Bydgoszcz was handed over to Poland on January 19, 1920.

Population development

year	Residents	source
1818	31,363
1846	57,520
1871	92,312

1890	74,247
1900	82,663
1910	96,473

In 1905, 62% of the residents of the district of Bydgoszcz were Germans and 38% Poles, of the residents of the district of Bydgoszcz, 84% were Germans and 16% Poles at that time. After 1920, a large part of the German population emigrated to Germany.

politics

District administrators

1777–1795 Peter von Twardowski
1795–1806 Marcus von Chmielewski
1815-1817 by Kloczkiewicz
1817–1833 Heinrich Wilhelm von Grabowski
1833–1837 Wüstenberg
1837–1848 Riedel
1848 -0000 Georg Hasenclever (substitute)
1848–1867 Gustav Oswald Julius Crusius
1867–1868 Harmening (representative)
1868–1890 Gustav von Oertzen
1890–1894 Conrad Max von Unruh (1842–1921)
1894–1904 Johann von Eisenhart-Rothe
1904–1912 Wilhelm Abicht
1912–1919 Max Hausleutner

elections

In the German Empire, the city and the district of Bromberg formed the Reichstag constituency Bromberg 3 . The constituency was won by the following members of the Reichstag:

1871 Carl Eggert , National Liberal Party
1874 Oskar Wehr , National Liberal Party
1877 Oskar Wehr, National Liberal Party
1878 Friedrich von Schenck , German Conservative Party
1881 Karl Hempel , German Progressive Party
1884 Hermann von Gerlich , German Conservative Party
1887 Oscar Hahn , German Conservative Party
1890 Oscar Hahn, German Conservative Party
1893 Leon von Czarlinski , Polish parliamentary group
1898 Christoph von Tiedemann , Free Conservative Party
1903 Christoph von Tiedemann, Free Conservative Party
1907 Georg Schultz , Free Conservative Party
1912 Georg Schultz, Free Conservative Party

cities and communes

Before the First World War, the district of Bromberg comprised the following towns and rural communities:

Alexandrovo
Alt Flötenau
Althof
Bachwitz
Mountain field
Bleaching fields
Bösendorf
Böthkenwalde
Brahnau
Brahrode
Bushkovo
Byshevo
Cielle
Cierplewo
Czarnowke, village
Czarnowke, colony
German Fordon
German Kruschin
Drewce
Dobrcz
Dzidno
Dzidzinek
Elsendorf
Falkenburg
Feyerland
Fordon , city
Freidorf
Frieddorf
Foxtail
Gogolin
Gogolinke
Gold field
Gold mark
Gorsin
Goscieradz
Grätz on the Vistula
Grocholl
Great Bartelsee
Great Lonsk
Gross Neudorf
Great Schittno
Great Vujin
Grünberg
Grünwalde
hammer
High oak
Hohenfelde
Hohenholm
Hop garden
Hutta, manor
Huttendorf
Jagdschütz
Jägerhof
Jaruszyn
Josephines
Cabott
Canal Colony A
Karlsdorf
Cherry ground
Klein Bartelsee
Klein Lonsk
Klein Neudorf
Kleinwalde
Royal Brühlsdorf
Royal Wierzchucin
Krompiewo
Crown on the Brahe , city
Kronthal
Krusty
Kruschdorf
Kruschin, colony
Lakomowo
Langenau
Lindendorf
Lochowice
Lochowo
Luczmin
Magdalenowo
Marienfelde
Maximilianowo
Mittenwalde
Mucheln
Monkowarsk
Moritzfelde
Mühlthal
Mullershof
Murowaniec
Nekla
Network location
New Beelitz
New Flötenau
New Glinke
Neuhof
Neumannsdorf
Lower Strelitz
Niederhein
Nimtsch
Niwie
Okollo, colony
Olszewko
Oplawitz
Osiek
Osielsk
Ossowitz
Otter meadow
Palsch
Pavlovke
Prinzenthal
Prondtke
Prondy
Salno
Samsieczno
Sand village
Schanzendorf
Schleusenau
Lock village
Schondorf
Schönhagen
Schönwalde
Schröttersdorf
Schulitz , city
Sweden height
Siebenbergen
Skarbiewo
Slesin
Sophienthal
Steindorf
Stronnau
Suczyn
Szcutki
Trishin
Trzementowo
Forest
Weichselthal
Weißfelde
Vienna city
Wilcze
Wilhelmsort
Wiskitno
Witoldowo
Wluki
Wtelno
Wudzynek
Zawada
Targetonke
Zolondowo

The district, which in 1910 had an area of 1394 km², also included numerous manor districts . The rural parishes and manor districts were grouped into police districts. In the period after 1900 several place names were Germanized:

Bialozewin → Bialosewin (1901)

Drewce → Drewze (1903/08)

Dobrcz → Dobsch (1903/08)

Foxtail to stone wood (1911)

Jaruszyn → Yarushin (1903/08)

Cabott → Großwalde (1907)

Lochowice → Lochowitze (1906)

Luczmin → Lutschmin (1906)

Maximilianowo → Maxtal (1907)

Murowaniec → Murowanietz (1906)

Olszewko → Olszewko (1903/08)

Samsieczno → Samsetschno (1903/08)

Suczyn → Sutschin (1903/08)

Szcutki → Schutki (1903/08)

Trzementowo → Haltau (1905)

Wilcze → Wilsche (1906)

Witoldowo → Wittelsdorf (1908)

Wudzynek → Wudsinek (1903/08)

Interwar period

The district of Bromberg continued to exist in Poland as Powiat Bydgoszcz (district of Bromberg) . In 1920, 16 smaller villages were spun off from the powiat and incorporated into Bydgoszcz . On April 1, 1938, the powiat Bydgoszcz moved from the Wielkopolska Voivodeship (the former Prussian Province of Posen) to the Pomorze Voivodeship (the former Prussian Province of West Prussia ). The powiat Bydgoszcz had after the incorporation in 1920 an area of 1337 km². In 1921 the powiat had 140,263 inhabitants, of which 14% were German and 86% Polish, the city of Bydgoszcz itself had 87,643 inhabitants, of which 27% were German and 73% were Polish. In 1931 only ten percent of the city's population were Germans.

District of Bromberg in occupied Poland

Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia (August 1943)

After the invasion of Poland in 1939, the county area was on 26 October by the German Reich annexed and came as Kreis Bromberg for governmental district Bromberg in Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia . The city of Bromberg became the seat of the district office and the district government .

At the beginning of the Second World War there were riots in the area against the German minority, and several hundred people were killed during the so-called Bromberg Bloody Sunday . After the invasion of the Wehrmacht, members of the German minority formed paramilitary units, the so-called Volksdeutsche Selbstschutz , led by the SS and Gestapo , and committed mass murders of the Polish population. According to Polish information, around 5,000 Poles were killed at Fordon . According to Polish sources, a total of 37,000 Polish residents of the city of Bromberg lost their lives by the end of the war.

In 1941 the district of Bromberg had 54,949 inhabitants, the city of Bromberg itself had 144,252 inhabitants. On January 1, 1945, the district comprised three cities and 114 municipalities. Towards the end of the Second World War, numerous German residents fled west. In January 1945 the district was occupied by the Red Army and came back to Poland.

District administrators

1939-1943 Nethe

1943 Edgar Saebisch (acting)-0000
1943–1944 Otto Gonnermann (1908–2009) (acting)
1944–1945 Edgar Saebisch

historical overview

Period	Reason for change Historical event	Administration of the district of Bromberg
Period	Reason for change Historical event	circle	Voivodeship Governorate	province	country
-1772			Inowrocław Voivodeship	Greater Poland Province	Poland-Lithuania Duchy of Greater Poland
1772-1807	First partition of Poland	Bromberg district		West Prussia Province	Kingdom of Prussia
1807-1815	Peace of Tilsit			Bydgoszcz Department	Duchy of Warsaw
1816-1818	Congress of Vienna	District of Bromberg	Bromberg administrative district (1816-1919)	Poznan Province	Kingdom of Prussia
1818-1871	Administrative reform	Bromberg district	Bromberg administrative district (1816-1919)	Poznan Province	Kingdom of Prussia
1871-1875	Foundation of the German Empire	Bromberg district	Bromberg administrative district (1816-1919)	Poznan Province	German Empire Federal State of Prussia
1875-1919	Administrative reform	District of Bromberg	Bromberg administrative district (1816-1919)	Poznan Province	The German Imperium
1919-1938	Versailles Peace Treaty	Powiat Bydgoski	Greater Poland Voivodeship		Poland
1938-1939	Administrative reform	Powiat Bydgoski	Greater Pomeranian Voivodeship		Poland
1939-1945	Beginning of the Second World War	District of Bromberg	Bromberg administrative district (1939–1945)	Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia	German Empire 1933 to 1945
1945-1950	Entry of the Red Army	Powiat Bydgoski	Pomeranian Voivodeship		Poland
1950-1975	Administrative reform	Powiat Bydgoski	Bydgoszcz Voivodeship (1950–1975)		Poland
1975-1998	Administrative reform	Powiat Bydgoski	Bydgoszcz Voivodeship (1975–1998)		Poland
1999–	Administrative reform	Powiat Bydgoski	Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship		Poland

literature

Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State . 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 157-158, item 1.
Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population. Edited and compiled from the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. Part IV: The Province of Posen , Berlin 1874, pp. 166–177 ( e-copy, pp. 173-184 ).
ACA Friedrich: Historical-geographical representation of old and new Poland . Berlin 1839, pp. 588-589.
Leopold von Zedlitz-Neukirch : The state forces of the Prussian monarchy under Friedrich Wilhelm III .. Volume 2, part 1, Berlin 1828, p. 111-113, item I.
Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part II: Topography of West Prussia , Kantersche Hofbuchdruckerei, Marienwerder 1789, pp. 82–91.
M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)
Martin Sprungala: The history of the Poznan districts and independent cities , Bad Bevensen 2007.
Martin Sprungala: Historical Directory of the Province of Poznan and the Poznań Voivodeship (Poznan) , Bad Bevensen 2007.

Web links

Commons : Landkreis Bromberg - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

District of Bromberg Administrative history and the district administrators on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of August 9, 2013.

Individual evidence

^ Friedrich Herzberg: Brief outline of the geography of the Royal Prussian States . Verlag der Buchhandlung der Königliche Realschule, Berlin 1790, p. 93 ( digitized version in Google book search).

^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck (ed.): Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . tape 2 . Marienwerder 1789, p. 82 ff . ( Digitized in the Google book search).

↑ Official Journal of the Royal Prussian Government in Bromberg 1816, No. 21, p. 244 ( digitized version ).

↑ ^a ^b Walther Hubatsch (Ed.): Outline of German administrative history 1815–1945. Johann Gottfried Herder Institute, Marburg / Lahn; Volume 2, Part 1: Province of Poznan. edited by Dieter Stüttgen, 1975, ISBN 3-87969-109-6 .

^ Official Journal of the Royal Prussian Government in Bromberg 1817, No. 51, p. 839 ( digitized version ).

^ Christian Gottfried Daniel Stein: Handbook of Geography and Statistics of the Prussian State . Vossische Buchhandlung, Berlin 1819, p. 320 ( digitized version in the Google book search).

↑ Royal Statistical Bureau (ed.): Mittheilungen des Statistisches Bureau's in Berlin, Volume 2 . Population of the districts. 1849, p. 311 ( digitized version in the Google book search).

^ The municipalities and manors of the Poznan Province and their population in 1871

^ ^A ^b ^c Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. District of Bromberg. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).

↑ ^a ^b Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officials 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 .

↑ Database of members of the Reichstag ( memento of the original from January 6, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ ^a ^b municipal register 1910 with population figures

[1] Friedrich Herzberg: Brief outline of the geography of the Royal Prussian States . Verlag der Buchhandlung der Königliche Realschule, Berlin 1790, p. 93 ( digitized version in Google book search).

[2] Johann Friedrich Goldbeck (ed.): Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . tape 2 . Marienwerder 1789, p. 82 ff . ( Digitized in the Google book search).

[3] Official Journal of the Royal Prussian Government in Bromberg 1816, No. 21, p. 244 ( digitized version ).

[huba-4] Walther Hubatsch (Ed.): Outline of German administrative history 1815–1945. Johann Gottfried Herder Institute, Marburg / Lahn; Volume 2, Part 1: Province of Poznan. edited by Dieter Stüttgen, 1975, ISBN 3-87969-109-6 .

[5] Official Journal of the Royal Prussian Government in Bromberg 1817, No. 51, p. 839 ( digitized version ).

[6] Christian Gottfried Daniel Stein: Handbook of Geography and Statistics of the Prussian State . Vossische Buchhandlung, Berlin 1819, p. 320 ( digitized version in the Google book search).

[7] Royal Statistical Bureau (ed.): Mittheilungen des Statistisches Bureau's in Berlin, Volume 2 . Population of the districts. 1849, p. 311 ( digitized version in the Google book search).

[8] The municipalities and manors of the Poznan Province and their population in 1871

[demand-9] A ^b ^c Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. District of Bromberg. Accessed September 2018(Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).

[:0-10] Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officials 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 .