Circle Schmiegel
The Schmiegel district in the west of the Prussian province of Posen existed from 1887 to 1918. The former district area is now part of the Polish Greater Poland Voivodeship .
size
The Schmiegel district had an area of 554 km².
prehistory
The area around the western Polish city of Śmigiel ( Schmiegel ) belonged to the Prussian province of South Prussia from 1793 to 1807 after the Second Partition of Poland . After the Peace of Tilsit , the area fell to the Duchy of Warsaw in 1807 .
After the Congress of Vienna on May 15, 1815, the area again fell to the Kingdom of Prussia . Until October 1, 1887, it belonged to the district of Kosten in the Poznan administrative district of the Poznan Province.
Administrative history
On October 1, 1887, the Schmiegel district was formed from the western part of the district of Kosten . The new Schmiegel district came
- the cities of Schmiegel and Wielichowo
- the Schmiegel-West police district
- the Schmiegel-Ost police district and
- the Wielichowo Police District.
Schmiegel was the district town and seat of the district administration .
On December 27, 1918, the Greater Poland uprising of the Polish majority against German rule began in the province of Posen , and after just a few days the district was under Polish control. On February 16, 1919, an armistice ended the Polish-German fighting, and on June 28, 1919, the German government officially ceded the Schmiegel district to the newly founded Poland with the signing of the Treaty of Versailles .
The Schmiegel district became the Polish powiat Śmigiel. In 1932 the Powiat Śmigiel was dissolved and reunited with the Powiat Kościański .
Population development
| year | Residents | source |
|---|---|---|
| 1895 | 35,305 | |
| 1900 | 34,216 | |
| 1905 | 35,135 | |
| 1910 | 36,383 |
Of the population in 1905, 82% were Poles and 18% German. The majority of the German residents left the area after 1919.
politics
District administrators
- 1887–1898 Seidel
- 1898–1918 Brinckmann
- 1918–1920 Höpker
elections
The Schmiegel district, together with the Kosten , Neutomischel and Grätz districts, belonged to the Posen 4 constituency of the Reichstag . The constituency was won by candidates from the Polish parliamentary group in the Reichstag elections between 1887 and 1912 :
- 1887 Ludwig von Mycielski
- 1890 Idzizlaw Czartoryski
- 1893 Idzizlaw Czartoryski
- 1898 Stephan Cegielski
- 1903 Witold von Skarzynski
- 1907 Witold von Skarzynski
- 1912 Franciczek von Morawski
Municipal structure
The two cities Schmiegel and Wielichowo belonged to the district of Schmiegel. The remaining (as of 1908) 78 rural communities and 43 manor districts were combined to form police districts.
Communities
At the beginning of the 20th century the following communities belonged to the district:
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With a few exceptions, the Polish place names continued to apply after 1815, and several place names were Germanized at the beginning of the 20th century.
Web links
- Kreis Schmiegel administrative history and the district administrators on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of August 17, 2013.
Individual evidence
- ^ Community encyclopedia for the Kingdom of Prussia: Province of Posen
- ↑ a b c www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de
Administrative districts: Bromberg | Poses
Districts: Poznan | Bromberg | Schneidemühl
Districts: Adelnau | Pear tree | Bomb | Bromberg | Czarnikau | Filehne | Fraustadt | Gostyn | Gniezno | Grätz | Hohensalza (formerly Inowrazlaw ) | Jarotschin | Kempen i. Poses | Kolmar i. Posen (formerly Chodziesen ) | Koshmin | Cost | Krotoschin | Lissa | Meseritz | Mogilno | Neuto Mischel | Obornik | Ostrowo | Pleschen | Poznan East | Poznan West | Rawitsch | Samter | Schildberg | Schmiegel | Schrimm | Schroda | Schubin | Schwerin an der Warthe | Strelno | We seat | Witkowo | Wongrowitz (formerly Wongrowiec ) | Wreschen (formerly Peysern ) | Tin