Obornik district
The Obornik district existed from 1793 to 1807 in the Prussian province of South Prussia and from 1815 to 1919 in the south of the Prussian province of Posen . The former district area today essentially belongs to the powiat Obornicki in the Polish Voivodeship of Greater Poland .
The district of Obornik was also a German administrative unit in occupied Poland (1939-1945) during the Second World War .
expansion
The Obornik district last had an area of 1088 km².
history
After the Third Partition of Poland from 1793 to 1807, the area around the western Polish town of Obornik belonged to the Obornik district in the Prussian province of South Prussia. With the Peace of Tilsit the area became part of the Duchy of Warsaw in 1807 . After the Congress of Vienna , on May 15, 1815, it fell again to the Kingdom of Prussia and became part of the Poznan administrative district of the Poznan Province.
During the Prussian administrative reforms , a district reform was carried out in the Posen administrative region on January 1, 1818, during which the Obronik district was significantly reduced. The western part of the district became the new district of Samter . The town of Obornik was the district town and seat of the District Office .
As part of the Posen Province, the district became part of the newly founded German Empire on January 18, 1871 , against which the Polish MPs protested in the new Reichstag on April 1, 1871.
On December 27, 1918, the Greater Poland uprising of the Polish majority against German rule began in the province of Posen , and in January 1919 the area of the Obornik district was under Polish control. On February 16, 1919, an armistice ended the Polish-German fighting, and on June 28, 1919, with the signing of the Treaty of Versailles , the German government officially ceded the Obornik district to the newly founded Republic of Poland .
Population development
| year | Residents | source |
|---|---|---|
| 1818 | 36,332 | |
| 1846 | 43,451 | |
| 1871 | 48.093 | |
| 1890 | 48,242 | |
| 1900 | 50,352 | |
| 1910 | 55,880 |
Of the inhabitants of the district in 1890 about 60% were Poles , 35% Germans and 4% Jews . The majority of the German residents left the area after 1919.
politics
District administrators
- 1793–1802 August von Brause
- 1803– Stephan Alexander von Zychlinski
- 1818-1824 by Rogowski
- 1824–1831 by Gorczyczewski
- 1831–1834 by Twardowski
- 1834 by Haza ( acting )
- 1835 from Münchow ( provisional )
- 1836–1848 by Gumpert
- 1848–1861 Karl von Reichmeister (1810–1860)
- 1862–1873 Oscar Hahn (1831–1898)
- 1873–1877 Conrad von Studt (1831–1921)
- 1877–1891 Gottlob Engelhard von Nathusius (1838–1899)
- 1891–1908 Bogislaw von Klitzing (1861–1942)
- 1908– Claus Henning von Köller (1874–1937)
elections
The Obornik district, together with the Birnbaum , Samter and Schwerin districts on the Warta, belonged to the Posen 2 Reichstag constituency . The constituency was won by the following candidates in the Reichstag elections between 1871 and 1912:
- 1871 Ludwig von Rönne , National Liberal Party
- 1874 Ludwig Zietkiewicz , Polish parliamentary group
- 1877 Stephan von Kwilecki , Polish parliamentary group
- 1878 Stephan von Kwilecki, Polish parliamentary group
- 1881 Stephan von Kwilecki, Polish parliamentary group
- 1884 Stephan von Kwilecki, Polish parliamentary group
- 1887 Hector von Kwilecki , Polish parliamentary group
- 1890 Hector von Kwilecki, Polish parliamentary group
- 1893 Hector von Kwilecki, Polish parliamentary group
- 1898 Hector von Kwilecki, Polish parliamentary group
- 1903 Mathias von Brudzewo-Mielzynski , Polish parliamentary group
- 1907 Mathias von Brudzewo-Mielzynski, Polish parliamentary group
- 1912 Mathias von Brudzewo-Mielzynski, Polish parliamentary group
Municipal structure
The four cities of Obornik , Murowana-Goslin , Ritschenwalde and Rogasen belonged to the Posen district . The (as of 1908) 106 rural communities and 56 manor districts were initially grouped into (smaller) Woyt districts (Polish “wójt” = German “Vogt”) and later in larger police districts.
Communities
At the beginning of the 20th century the following communities belonged to the district:
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With a few exceptions, the Polish place names continued to apply after 1815, and several place names were Germanized at the beginning of the 20th century.
Obornik County in occupied Poland (1939–1945)
history
During the Second World War , the German occupation authorities formed an administrative unit called the Obornik district in the Posen administrative district (or from May 21, 1941 to September 12, 1942, the temporary district of Obernick (Warthe)). The annexation of the area by the German Reich on October 26, 1939 , as a unilateral act of violence, was ineffective under international law. The Jewish residents were murdered by the German occupation authorities during World War II . The German occupation ended with the invasion of the Red Army in January 1945.
During the German occupation, only Obornik and Rogasen received city rights in 1942 according to the German municipal code of 1935, the other municipalities were grouped together in administrative districts .
District administrators
- 1941–1945 carvers
Place names
During the German occupation in World War II, the place names valid in 1918 were initially adopted by an unpublished decree of December 29, 1939, but the local occupation authorities soon made “wild” Germanizations. On May 18, 1943, all places with a post or train station were given German names, mostly phonetic adjustments, translations or free inventions.
Larger municipalities in the Obornik district:
| Polish name | German name (1815-1919) | German name (1939-1945) |
|---|---|---|
| Boruszyn | Boruschin | Boruschin |
| Bukowiec | Gramsdorf | Gramsdorf |
| Gościejewo | Gosciejewo 1906-1919 Bülowsthal |
Bülowstal |
| Jędrzejewo | Dutch village | Dutch village |
| Kiszewo | Kishevo |
1939–1943 cherries 1943–1945 cherry stalls |
| Krosin | Big Kroschin | Big Kroschin |
| Lipa | lip | lip |
| Maniewo | Maniewo | ? |
| Młynkowo | Mlynkowo | Mühlingen |
| Murowana Goślina | Murowana-Goslin | Goslin |
| Oborniki | Obornik |
1939–1941 Obornik 1941–1942 Obernick 1942–1945 Obornik |
| Połajewo | Polajewo 1907-1919 Güldenau |
Güldenau |
| Rogoźno | Rogasen | Rogasen |
| Ryczywół | Rycziwol 1875-1919 Ritschenwalde |
Ritschenwalde |
| Sierakówko | Zirkowko | ? |
| Skrzetusz | Junk house | Junk house |
| Tarnówko | Tarnowko | Tarnowko |
| Tarnowo | Tarnowo 1906–1919 Tarnau |
1939–1943 Tarnau 1943–1945 Ristenau |
| Tłukawy | Tlukawy | Schwanenfelde |
| Uścikowo | Uscikowo 1906-1919 Neuendorf |
Neuendorf |
literature
- Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State . 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, p. 150, item 10.
- Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population. Edited and compiled from the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. Part IV: The Province of Posen , Berlin 1874, pp. 68-77 ( e-copy, pp. 75-84 ).
- ACA Friedrich: Historical-geographical representation of old and new Poland . Berlin 1839, pp. 570-571.
- Leopold von Zedlitz-Neukirch : The state forces of the Prussian monarchy under Friedrich Wilhelm III .. Volume 2, part 1, Berlin 1828, p. 101-102, point X.
- M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)
Web links
- District Obornik administrative history and the district administrators on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of August 18, 2013.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de
- ↑ Historical, statistical, topographical description of South Prussia, 1798
- ↑ Walther Hubatsch (ed.): Outline of German administrative history 1815-1945. Johann Gottfried Herder Institute, Marburg / Lahn; Volume 2, Part 1: Province of Poznan. edited by Dieter Stüttgen, 1975, ISBN 3-87969-109-6
- ↑ ACA Friederich: Historical-geographical representation of old and new Poland . Stuhrsche Buchhandlung, Berlin ( digitized version [accessed on August 8, 2018]).
- ↑ Royal Statistical Bureau (ed.): Mittheilungen des Statistisches Bureau's in Berlin, Volume 2 . Population of the districts. ( Digitized version ).
- ^ The municipalities and manors of the Poznan Province and their population in 1871
- ↑ a b Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officials 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 .
- ↑ Historical Society for the Province of Posen (Ed.): Documents and files on the history of the organization of South Prussia . S. 188 ( digitized version ).
Administrative districts: Bromberg | Poses
Districts: Poznan | Bromberg | Schneidemühl
Districts: Adelnau | Pear tree | Bomb | Bromberg | Czarnikau | Filehne | Fraustadt | Gostyn | Gniezno | Grätz | Hohensalza (formerly Inowrazlaw ) | Jarotschin | Kempen i. Poses | Kolmar i. Posen (formerly Chodziesen ) | Koshmin | Cost | Krotoschin | Lissa | Meseritz | Mogilno | Neuto Mischel | Obornik | Ostrowo | Pleschen | Poznan East | Poznan West | Rawitsch | Samter | Schildberg | Schmiegel | Schrimm | Schroda | Schubin | Schwerin an der Warthe | Strelno | We seat | Witkowo | Wongrowitz (formerly Wongrowiec ) | Wreschen (formerly Peysern ) | Tin