District of Meseritz

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The Meseritz district in South Prussia
The Meseritz district within the boundaries from 1818 to 1920
Kreis Adelnau Kreis Birnbaum Kreis Bomst Landkreis Bromberg Kreis Czarnikau Kreis Filehne Kreis Fraustadt Kreis Gnesen Kreis Gostyn Kreis Grätz Kreis Hohensalza Kreis Jarotschin Kreis Kempen Kreis Kolmar in Posen Kreis Koschmin Kreis Kosten Kreis Krotoschin Kreis Lissa Kreis Meseritz Kreis Mogilno Kreis Neutomischel Kreis Obornik Kreis Ostrowo Kreis Pleschen Kreis Posen-Ost Kreis Posen-West Kreis Rawitsch Kreis Samter Kreis Schildberg Kreis Schmiegel Kreis Schrimm Kreis Schroda Kreis Schubin Kreis Strelno Kreis Schwerin an der Warthe Kreis Wirsitz Kreis Witkowo Kreis Wongrowitz Kreis Wreschen Kreis Znin Schneidemühl Bydgoszcz Posen
Administrative division of the Province of Posen (as of 1919) District Bydgoszcz District Posen




Administrative division of the Grenzmark Province of Posen-West Prussia (1922–1938) Administrative region of Schneidemühl, Poznan Voivodeship, Rep. Poland



The Prussian district Meseritz (until 1938 Meseritz district ) existed in different delimitations from 1793 to 1807 in the province of South Prussia , from 1815 to 1920 in the province of Posen , from 1920 to 1938 in the border region of Posen-West Prussia and from 1938 to 1945 in the province Brandenburg . Its former area is now essentially part of the Międzyrzecki powiat in the Polish Lubusz Voivodeship .

Administrative history

District coat of arms of the district of Meseritz
Seal mark of the royal district administrator of the Meseritz district

The area around the Greater Poland city ​​of Meseritz belonged to the Meseritz district in the Prussian province of South Prussia after the Third Partition of Poland from 1793 to 1807 . With the Peace of Tilsit , the Fraustadt district became part of the Duchy of Warsaw in 1807 . After the Congress of Vienna , on May 15, 1815, the district again fell to the Kingdom of Prussia and became part of the Poznan administrative district of the Poznan Province.

As part of the Prussian administrative reforms after the Congress of Vienna , the Meseritz district was redefined on January 1, 1818. The new Birnbaum district was formed from its northern part , while in the south it received the area around the towns of Bentschen , Brätz and Tirschtiegel from the Bomst district . The district office was located in the district town of Meseritz.

Since July 1, 1867, the district belonged to the North German Confederation and from January 1, 1871 to the German Empire . After the province of Posen fell apart, on November 20, 1919, the Meseritz district was placed under the new government agency in Schneidemühl in the Grenzmark West Prussia-Posen administrative district. With the entry into force of the Versailles Treaty on January 10, 1920, the eastern part of the Meseritz district was ceded to Poland. From January 11, 1921, the administrative district Grenzmark West Prussia-Posen carried the name " Grenzmark Posen-West Prussia ". On July 1, 1922, the Meseritz district became part of the new Prussian province Grenzmark Posen-West Prussia and from August 1, 1922 to the newly formed administrative district of Schneidemühl .

On October 1, 1938, after the dissolution of the Grenzmark Posen-West Prussia province, the Meseritz district moved to the Frankfurt administrative district of the Brandenburg province . In the spring of 1945, the district was occupied by the Red Army and then part of Poland . Today's powiat Międzyrzecki has roughly the same shape.

Population development

year Residents source
1816 25,453
1871 46.002
1890 49,458
1900 49,822
1910 53,306
1925 32,852
1933 33,807
1939 35,155

Of the 32,852 inhabitants in 1925, 19,164 were Protestant, 13,056 Catholics and 251 Jews.

politics

District administrators

elections

The Meseritz district together with the Bomst district formed the Posen 3 Reichstag constituency . In the Reichstag elections between 1871 and 1912, the following members were elected:

Local organization and local constitution

The district of Meseritz was finally divided into the four towns of Betsche , Brätz , Meseritz and Tirschtiegel as well as 44 other communities. The rural communities and, until 1929, the independent manor districts were initially grouped into (smaller) Woyt districts (Polish “wójt” = German “Vogt”) and later in (larger) police districts.

On July 1, 1922, instead of the Poznan district order, the district order for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 was introduced. There were no changes with regard to the division into police districts. With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Law of December 15, 1933 and the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, the leader principle was enforced at the municipal level on April 1, 1935 .

Personalities

The cousins ​​Georg and Emil Zillmann were born in Meseritz. You ran an architecture office in Berlin-Charlottenburg . The focus of their construction work was in Upper Silesia .

cities and communes

1920 to Poland

The following municipalities were in the eastern part of the district and fell to Poland in 1920:

  • Old Jablonke
  • Altvorwerk
  • Office cashier
  • Bentschen, city
  • Brandorf
  • German Bohemian
  • German height
  • Dormowo
  • Friedenau
  • Friedenhorst
  • Glassworks
  • Glozewo
  • Grubske
  • Hüttenhauland
  • Cross weir
  • Kroschnitz
  • Kunik
  • Copper hammer
  • Lewitz
  • Lewitz Hauland
  • Lomnitz
  • Lioness
  • Lubenhauland
  • Nandel
  • New Jablonke
  • New Schilln
  • Pierschin
  • Polish Bohemian
  • Dots
  • Sawade
  • Schilln
  • Schwichotschin
  • Stefanowo
  • Stefanowo Hauland
  • Stocki
  • Strese
  • Willow farm
  • Zakrzewko
  • Brick barn

As of 1936

In the mid-1930s, the Meseritz district was divided into the following cities and communities:

  • Altenhof
  • Belly joke
  • Betsche, city
  • Birkenhorst
  • Bobelwitz
  • Brätz, city
  • Brausendorf
  • Dry label
  • Eschenwalde
  • Georgsdorf
  • Great Dammer
  • Grumpy
  • Hochwalde
  • Janau
  • Kainscht
  • Kalau
  • Klastawe
  • Koschmin
  • wreath
  • Kulkau
  • Copper mill
  • Short
  • Kissed
  • Kutschkau
  • Lagowitz
  • Meseritz, city
  • Naßlettel
  • New Bentschen
  • Nipter
  • Upper Görzig
  • Panwitz
  • paradise
  • Pieske
  • Politzig
  • Clean
  • Rogsen
  • Rybojadel
  • Scharzig
  • Scary
  • Schierzighauland
  • Schindelmühl
  • Neudorf Castle
  • Solben
  • Stalun
  • Tirschtiegel, city
  • Weissensee
  • Wipe
  • Zielomischel

Name changes

In 1937 the following municipalities received new German names:

  • Rybojadel → Hoffmannstal
  • Stalun → Schönfelde (Grenzmark)
  • Zielomischel → Wilhelmstal (Grenzmark)

literature

Web links

Commons : Landkreis Meseritz  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Historical, statistical, topographical description of South Prussia, 1798
  2. ^ Christian Gottfried Daniel Stein: Handbook of Geography and Statistics of the Prussian State . Vossische Buchhandlung, Berlin 1819, Posen administrative region, p. 317 ( digitized version [accessed on May 5, 2016]).
  3. ^ The communities and manor districts of the province of Brandenburg and their population. Edited and compiled by the Royal Statistical Bureau from the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. In: Königliches Statistisches Bureau (Hrsg.): The communities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population. tape II , 1873, ZDB -ID 1467417-8 ( digitized version ).
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Meseritz district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  5. ↑ The Big Brockhaus . 15th edition, sixteenth volume, Leipzig 1933, p. 745.
  6. ^ Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officials 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 .