Wreschen district
The Wreschen district existed from 1819 to 1919 in the Prussian province of Posen . It emerged from the western part of the Peysern district, founded in 1793 in the Prussian province of South Prussia .
The district of Wreschen was also a German administrative unit in occupied Poland (1939–1945) during the Second World War .
size
The Wreschen district had an area of 730 km² until 1887 and since then 561 km².
history
The area around the two large Polish cities Września ( German Wreschen ) and Pyzdry ( German Peysern or Peisern ) belonged to the third partition of Poland from 1793 to 1807 the county Peysern in the Prussian province of South Prussia. Through the Peace of Tilsit , the Peysern district became part of the Duchy of Warsaw in 1807 . After the Congress of Vienna , the western part of the district again fell to the Kingdom of Prussia on May 15, 1815 and became part of the Poznan administrative district of the Poznan Province. In the course of a subsequent border correction, the eastern edge of the district with the cities of Pyzdry and Słupca was ceded to the Congress Poland, which was ruled by Russia , on November 11, 1817 .
During the Prussian administrative reforms , a district reform was carried out in the Posen administrative district on January 1, 1818, in which the remainder of the Peysern district in Prussia received the area around the town of Miloslaw from the Schroda district .
The city of Wreschen became the seat of the district office of the district called Kreis Wreschen since July 31, 1819 .
As part of the Province of Posen , the Wreschen district became part of the newly founded German Empire on January 18, 1871 , against which the Polish MPs protested in the new Reichstag on April 1, 1871.
On October 1, 1887, the city of Zerkow and the police district of the same name were ceded by the Wreschen district to the newly formed Jarotschin district .
On December 27, 1918, the Greater Poland uprising of the Polish majority against German rule began in the province of Posen . On December 28, riots broke out in the district town of Wreschen, and in January 1919 the area of the Wreschen district was under Polish control.
On February 16, 1919, an armistice ended the Polish-German fighting, and on June 28, 1919, the German government officially ceded the Wreschen district to newly founded Poland with the signing of the Versailles Treaty .
Population development
| year | Residents | source |
|---|---|---|
| 1818 | 29,653 | |
| 1846 | 37,074 | |
| 1871 | 40,046 | |
| 1890 | 32,848 | |
| 1900 | 35,449 | |
| 1910 | 39,878 |
In 1890, 85% of the inhabitants of the district were Poles, 12% Germans and 3% Jews. The majority of the German residents left the area after 1919.
politics
District administrators
- -1802 from Naurath
- 1802–1806 Christian von Horn-Rogowski
- 1818–1834 by Moszczenski
- 1834–1838 by Graevenitz
- 1838–1845 Jérôme von Schlotheim (1809–1882)
- 1848–1851 Friedrich Wilhelm Edmund von Baerensprung (1816–1868)
- 1853–1863 Emil Freymark (1825–1894)
- 1863–1868 Maximilian Senfft von Pilsach (1821–1903)
- 1873–1876 Julius Feige
- 1876–1883 Heinrich von Seidlitz
- 1883–1890 by Loos
- 1890–1901 Kühne
- 1901–1908 Adolf von Massenbach (1868–1947)
- 1908–1919 Egon von Haber (* 1875)
elections
The Wreschen district belonged to the Posen 8th Reichstag constituency . The constituency was won by candidates from the Polish parliamentary group in all Reichstag elections between 1871 and 1912 :
- 1871 Władysław Taczanowski
- 1874 Władysław Taczanowski
- 1877 Stefan von Zoltowski
- 1878 Stefan von Zoltowski
- 1881 Theophil Magdzinski
- 1884 Theophil Magdzinski
- 1887 Theophil Magdzinski
- 1890 Sigismund von Dziembowski-Pomian
- 1893 Sigismund von Dziembowski-Pomian
- 1898 Sigismund von Dziembowski-Pomian
- 1903 Anton von Chlapowski
- 1907 Wladislaus Seyda
- 1912 Wladislaus Seyda
Municipal structure
The cities of Miloslaw and Wreschen belonged to the district of Wreschen. until 1887 also Zerkow. The (as of 1908) 69 rural communities and 64 manor districts were combined into police districts.
Communities
At the beginning of the 20th century the following communities belonged to the district:
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With a few exceptions, the Polish place names continued to apply after 1815, and several place names were Germanized at the beginning of the 20th century.
The district of Wreschen in occupied Poland (1939–1945)
history
In World War II , the German occupation authorities formed the district Wreschen in the government district of Posen . The annexation of the area by the German Reich on October 26, 1939 , as a unilateral act of violence, was ineffective under international law. The Jewish residents were murdered by the German occupation authorities during World War II . The German occupation ended with the invasion of the Red Army in January 1945 .
District administrators
- 1939–1941 Herbert Nierentz
- 1941–1945 Büttner
Municipal structure
During the German occupation in World War II, only Wreschen received city rights in 1942 according to the German municipal code of 1935, the other municipalities were grouped together in administrative districts .
Place names
During the German occupation, the place names valid in 1918 were initially adopted by an unpublished decree of December 29, 1939, but the local occupation authorities soon became wildly Germanized. On May 18, 1943, all places with a post or train station were given German names, mostly phonetic adjustments, translations or free inventions.
Larger communities in the Wreschen district:
| Polish name | German name (1815-1919) | German name (1939-1945) |
|---|---|---|
| Biechowo | Biechowo | Lorenzdorf |
| Bugaj | Bugaj | Bow |
| Czeszewo | Czeszewo | Witness rest |
| Gozdowo | Gozdowo Gosdau (1906-1919) |
Gosdau |
| Kaczanowo | Kaczanowo | Entenau |
| Miłosław | Miloslaw | Liebenau (1939–1943) Liebenstädt (1943–1945) |
| Nowa Wieś Królewska | Königlich Neudorf | Königlich Neudorf (1939–1943) Königsneudorf (1943–1945) |
| Oblaczkowo | Oblaczkowo Oblatschkowo (1906-1919) |
Runddorf (1939–1943) Kringeln (1943–1945) |
| Psary Polskie | Polish Psary | Feldkamp |
| Sędziwojewo | Broadcast show | Broadcast show |
| Skarboscevo | Skarboscevo | Karben |
| Sokolniki | Sokolnik base stone (1906–1919) |
Base stone |
| Strzałkowo | Strzalkowo Stralkowo (1906-1919) |
Stralkau |
| Szamarzewo | Szamarzewo | Ellerode |
| Szemborowo | Szemborowo | Langdorf (1939–1943) Schembau (1943–1945) |
| Września | Wreschen | Wreschen |
literature
- Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State . 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, p. 153, item 15.
- Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population. Edited and compiled from the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. Part IV: The Province of Posen , Berlin 1874, pp. 2–9 ( e-copy ).
- ACA Friedrich: Historical-geographical representation of old and new Poland . Berlin 1839, pp. 582-583.
- Leopold von Zedlitz-Neukirch : The state forces of the Prussian monarchy under Friedrich Wilhelm III . Volume 2, part 1, Berlin 1828, p. 109-110, number XVII.
- M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)
Web links
- District of Wreschen administrative history and district list on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of July 6, 2013.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de
- ↑ Historical, statistical, topographical description of South Prussia, 1798
- ↑ Walther Hubatsch (ed.): Outline of German administrative history 1815-1945. Johann Gottfried Herder Institute, Marburg / Lahn; Volume 2, Part 1: Province of Poznan. edited by Dieter Stüttgen, 1975, ISBN 3-87969-109-6
- ↑ ACA Friederich: Historical-geographical representation of old and new Poland . Stuhrsche Buchhandlung, Berlin ( digitized version [accessed on August 8, 2018]).
- ↑ Royal Statistical Bureau (ed.): Mittheilungen des Statistisches Bureau's in Berlin, Volume 2 . Population of the districts. ( Digitized version ).
- ^ The municipalities and manors of the Poznan Province and their population in 1871
- ↑ a b Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officials 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 .
Administrative districts: Bromberg | Poses
Districts: Poznan | Bromberg | Schneidemühl
Districts: Adelnau | Pear tree | Bomb | Bromberg | Czarnikau | Filehne | Fraustadt | Gostyn | Gniezno | Grätz | Hohensalza (formerly Inowrazlaw ) | Jarotschin | Kempen i. Poses | Kolmar i. Posen (formerly Chodziesen ) | Koshmin | Cost | Krotoschin | Lissa | Meseritz | Mogilno | Neuto Mischel | Obornik | Ostrowo | Pleschen | Poznan East | Poznan West | Rawitsch | Samter | Schildberg | Schmiegel | Schrimm | Schroda | Schubin | Schwerin an der Warthe | Strelno | We seat | Witkowo | Wongrowitz (formerly Wongrowiec ) | Wreschen (formerly Peysern ) | Tin