Krotoschin district
The Krotoschin district existed from 1793 to 1807 in the Prussian province of South Prussia and from 1815 to 1919 in the Prussian province of Posen .
The district of Krotoschin was also a German administrative unit in occupied Poland (1939–1945) during the Second World War .
expansion
The Krotoschin district last had an area of 498 km².
history
After the Third Partition of Poland from 1793 to 1807, the area around the Greater Poland city of Krotoschin belonged to the Krotoschin district in the Prussian province of South Prussia. With the Peace of Tilsit the area became part of the Duchy of Warsaw in 1807 . After the Congress of Vienna , on May 15, 1815, it fell again to the Kingdom of Prussia and became part of the Poznan administrative district of the Poznan Province.
During the Prussian administrative reforms , a district reform was carried out in the Posen administrative region on January 1, 1818, during which the Krotoschin district was reduced in size. The area around the city of Jutroschin moved to the Kröben district , the area around the city of Jaratschewo to the Schrimm district and the area around the city of Jarotschin to the Pleschen district . The town of Krotoschin was the district town and seat of the district administration .
As part of the province of Poznan, the Krotoschin district became part of the newly founded German Empire on January 18, 1871 , against which the Polish deputies protested in the new Reichstag on April 1, 1871.
On October 1, 1887, the new Koschmin District was formed from the north-western half of the Krotoschin District .
On December 27, 1918, the Wielkopolska uprising of the Polish majority against German rule began in the province of Posen , and with the exception of the southern edge around the city of Zduny , the district came under Polish control within a few days. On February 16, 1919, an armistice ended the Polish-German fighting, and on June 28, 1919, the German government officially ceded the Krotoschin district to the newly founded Poland with the signing of the Treaty of Versailles . On November 25, 1919, Germany and Poland concluded an agreement on the evacuation and surrender of the areas to be ceded, which was ratified on January 10, 1920. The evacuation of the remaining area under German control including the city of Zduny and handover to Poland took place between January 17 and February 4, 1920.
Population development
year | Residents | source |
---|---|---|
1818 | 52,857 | |
1846 | 62,066 | |
1871 | 65,885 | |
1890 | 42,971 | |
1900 | 45.281 | |
1910 | 46,874 |
In 1890 about 70% of the inhabitants of the district were Poles and 30% German . A large part of the German residents left the area after 1919.
politics
District administrators
- 1793–1795 Anton von Zychlinski
- 1795-1806 by Thein
- 1818–1831 Heinrich von Borck (1767–1827)
- 1831–1845 by Karczewski
- 1845-1851 farmer
- 1851–1873 Wilhelm von Krupka (1823–1893)
- 1873–1891 Glaeser
- 1891–1898 Arthur Germershausen (1849–1913)
- 1898–1918 Konrad Hahn
elections
The Krotoschin District was part of the Posen 8th Reichstag constituency . The constituency was won by the candidates of the Polish parliamentary group in all Reichstag elections between 1871 and 1912 :
- 1871 Heinrich von Krzyzanowski
- 1874 Eduard Kegel
- 1877 Theophil Magdzinski
- 1878 Ludwig von Jazdzewski
- 1881 Ludwig von Jazdzewski
- 1884 Ludwig von Jazdzewski
- 1887 novel by Komierowski
- 1890 Ludwig von Jazdzewski
- 1893 Ludwig von Jazdzewski
- 1898 Ludwig von Jazdzewski
- 1903 Ludwig von Jazdzewski
- 1907 Wladislaus von Mieczkowski
- 1912 Anton von Chlapowski
Municipal structure
The last four cities of Krotoschin , Dobrzyca , Kobylin and Zduny belonged to the Krotoschin district . The (as of 1908) 50 rural communities and 33 manor districts were initially grouped into (smaller) Woyt districts (Polish “wójt” = German “Vogt”) and later in larger police districts.
Communities
At the beginning of the 20th century the following communities belonged to the district:
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With a few exceptions, the Polish place names continued to apply after 1815, and several place names were Germanized at the beginning of the 20th century.
The district of Krotoschin in occupied Poland (1939–1945)
history
In World War II , the German occupation authorities formed the district Krotoschin in the government district of Posen . The annexation of the area by the German Reich on October 26, 1939 , as a unilateral act of violence, was ineffective under international law. The Jewish residents were murdered by the German occupation authorities during World War II . The German occupation ended with the invasion of the Red Army in January 1945 .
District administrators
- 1942–1945 Wellmann
- 1945 Peter Orlowski (substitute)
Municipal structure
During the German occupation in World War II, only Krotoschin in 1942 and Koschmin in 1943 received city rights according to the German municipal code of 1935, the other municipalities were grouped together in administrative districts .
Place names
With a few exceptions, the Polish place names continued to apply after 1815, and several place names were Germanized at the beginning of the 20th century. During the German occupation in World War II , the place names valid from 1918 were initially adopted by an unpublished decree of December 29, 1939, but "wild" Germanizations by the local occupation authorities soon followed. On May 18, 1943, all places with a post or train station were given German names, mostly phonetic adjustments, translations or free inventions.
Larger communities in Krotoschin County:
Polish name | German name (1815-1919) | German name (1939-1945) | Population (1910) |
---|---|---|---|
Baszków | Bashkov | 1939–1943 Baschkow 1943–1945 Baschau |
585 |
Benice | Benice | Benitz | 619 |
Biadki | Biadki | Battken | 742 |
Bożacin | Bozacin | 1939–1943 Bosatschin 1943–1945 Bosenstein |
513 |
Dąbrowa | Dombrowo | 1939–1945 Dombrowo 1943–1945 Krotteichen |
555 |
Dobrzyca | Dobrzyca | Dobberschütz | 1279 |
Gorzupia | Gorzupia | Franzensfeld | 644 |
Grębów | Grembow | 661 | |
Kobierno | Kobierno | Köbern | 602 |
Kobylin | Kobylin | 1939–1943 Kobylin 1943–1945 Koppelstädt |
2329 |
Konarzew | Konarzewo 1908-1919 Hahnau |
Konradshof | 558 |
Korytnica | Korytnica | Korytnitza | 664 |
Koźminiec | German Koschmin Hauland 1905–1919 German Koschmin |
1939–1943 German Koschmin 1943–1945 Horlebrunn |
712 |
Krotoszyn | Krotoschin | Krotoschin | 13064 |
Ligota | Ligota | Unterambach | 1364 |
Lutogniev | Lutogniewo 1907-1919 Margarethendorf |
Margaretendorf | 690 |
Nowa Wieś | Neudorf | 1939–1943 Neudorf 1943–1945 Budenneudorf |
600 |
Orpiszew | Orpischewo | Sonnenfeld | 789 |
Roszki | Roshki | Roshken | 810 |
Rozdrażew | Rozdrazewo | 1939–1943 Albertshof 1943–1945 Brigidau |
1155 |
Zduny | Zduny | 1939–1943 Zduny 1943–1945 Treustädt |
3431 |
literature
- Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State . 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, p. 147, point 6.
- Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population. Edited and compiled from the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. Part IV: The Province of Posen , Berlin 1874, pp. 122–129 ( e-copy, pp. 129-136 ).
- ACA Friedrich: Historical-geographical representation of old and new Poland . Berlin 1839, pp. 580-581.
- Leopold von Zedlitz-Neukirch : The state forces of the Prussian monarchy under Friedrich Wilhelm III . Volume 2, part 1, Berlin 1828, p. 99, item VIII.
- M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)
- Martin Sprungala: The history of the Poznan districts and independent cities. Bad Bevensen 2007.
- Martin Sprungala: Historical Directory of the Province of Poznan and the Poznań Voivodeship (Poznan). Bad Bevensen 2007.
Web links
- District Krotoschin administrative history and the district administrators on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of August 18, 2013.
- Homeland community Krotoschin
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de
- ↑ Historical, statistical, topographical description of South Prussia, 1798
- ↑ Walther Hubatsch (ed.): Outline of German administrative history 1815-1945. Johann Gottfried Herder Institute, Marburg / Lahn; Volume 2, Part 1: Province of Poznan. edited by Dieter Stüttgen, 1975, ISBN 3-87969-109-6
- ↑ www.territorial.de , accessed on January 1, 2010
- ↑ ACA Friederich: Historical-geographical representation of old and new Poland . Stuhrsche Buchhandlung, Berlin ( digitized version [accessed on August 8, 2018]).
- ↑ Royal Statistical Bureau (ed.): Mittheilungen des Statistisches Bureau's in Berlin, Volume 2 . Population of the districts. ( Digitized version ).
- ^ The municipalities and manors of the Poznan Province and their population in 1871
- ↑ Handbook on the Royal Prussian Court and State for the year 1798 (digitized version)
- ^ Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officials 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 .
- ↑ www.gross-wartenberg.de Ordinance sheet of the Reichsstatthalters in Warthegau , pdf, accessed on April 7, 2013
- ↑ www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de Krotoschin district, accessed on April 7, 2013