Reichstag election 1893
The Reichstag election in 1893 was the election for the 9th German Reichstag . It took place on June 15, 1893.
The turnout was a little over 72% and thus slightly higher than in the Reichstag election in 1890 .
The election had become necessary after the Reichstag had been dissolved on May 6, 1893 at the request of Chancellor Leo von Caprivi . As with the dissolution of the Reichstag in 1887 , an army bill from the government was the reason for the dissolution. Caprivi had planned to increase the army again to around 500,000 men and thus failed in the Reichstag: Social Democrats , a majority in the center and part of the Liberal Party rejected the proposal. The Liberals then split into the Liberal People's Party and the Liberal Association .
The election ended with a narrow victory for the government- loyal so-called " cartel parties " ( German conservatives , free conservatives and national liberals ). The Social Democrats, who had meanwhile been freed from the Socialist Act and were now clearly the strongest party in terms of share of the vote, and the anti-Semites were able to gain again . The latter were able to win mandates above all in the Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau , in the Grand Duchy of Hesse , in East and Central Saxony and occasionally in Neumark and Western Pomerania . In Lower Bavaria and Middle Franconia , the Bavarian Farmers' Union , which was founded to represent the interests of Bavarian agriculture in response to the low-tariff policy initiated by Chancellor Caprivi, won four constituencies. The divided liberals suffered losses. Overall, the Reichstag was increasingly fragmented. Due to the further lack of constituency reform , majority voting led to strong distortions between the actual share of votes and the size of the parliamentary group. A national Polish candidate, Anton von Wolszlegier, was also successful for the first time and once in an East Prussian constituency (Allenstein).
The new Reichstag finally accepted the government's army bill with a narrow majority (201 votes).
Results
| Political Direction | Parties | Votes | Won constituencies | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| in millions | proportion of | compared to 1890 | absolutely | proportion of | compared to 1890 | ||||
| conservative | German Conservative Party (DKP) | 1.038 | 13.5% | +1.1% | 72 | 18.1% | −1 | ||
| German Reich Party (DRP) | 0.438 | 5.7% | −1.0% | 28 | 7.1% | +8 | |||
| liberal | Right- | National Liberal Party (NLP) | 0.997 | 13.0% | −3.3% | 52 | 13.2% | +11 | |
| Independent liberals | n / A | n / A | n / A | 2 | 0.5% | −1 | |||
| moderate | Liberal Association (FVg) | 0.258 | 3.4% | (−3.9%) | 13 | 3.3% | (−29) | ||
| Left- | Liberal People's Party (FVp) | 0.666 | 8.7% | 24 1) | 6.0% | ||||
| German People's Party (DtVP) | 0.167 | 2.2% | + 0.2% | 11 | 2.8% | +1 | |||
| Catholics | Center Party | 1.469 | 19.1% | + 0.5% | 96 | 24.2% | −10 | ||
| Socialists | Social Democrats (SPD) | 1,787 | 23.3% | + 3.6% | 44 2) | 11.1% | +9 | ||
|
Regional parties , minorities |
German-Hanoverian Party (DHP) | 0.102 | 1.3% | −0.3% | 7th | 1.8% | −4 | ||
| Poland | 0.230 | 3.0% | −0.4% | 19th | 4.8% | +3 | |||
| Danes | 0.014 | 0.2% | ± 0.0% | 1 | 0.3% | ± 0 | |||
| Alsace-Lorraine | 0.115 | 1.5% | ± 0.1% | 8th | 2.0% | −2 | |||
| Bavarian Farmers' Union (BB) | 0.081 | 1.1% | +1.1% | 4th | 1.0% | +4 | |||
| Anti-semites | German Reform Party (Ref) | 0.264 | 3.4% | + 2.7% | 12 3) | 2.8% | +8 | ||
| German Social Party (DSP) | 2 | 1.0% | +1 | ||||||
| independent | 2 4) | 0.3% | +2 | ||||||
| Others | 0.048 | 0.6% | + 0.7% | - | - | ± 0 | |||
| total | 7.674 | 100% | 397 | 100% | |||||
Remarks
In five cases, a candidate won two constituencies at the same time. In such a case, the mandate could only be accepted for one of the two constituencies and a by-election was held in the other constituency.
- 1) Albert Traeger won both the Hessian constituency of Bingen and the Oldenburg constituency of Jever. He accepted the mandate in Jever.
- 2) August Bebel won both the Hamburg I constituency and the Strasbourg city constituency. He accepted the mandate in Strasbourg.
- 3) Oswald Zimmermann won both the Dresden constituency on the left of the Elbe and the Lauterbach constituency in Hesse. He accepted the mandate in Dresden. Ludwig Werner won both the Hofgeismar constituency and the Hersfeld constituency in the province of Hessen-Nassau. He accepted the mandate in Hersfeld.
- 4) Hermann Ahlwardt won both the Arnswalde constituency in Brandenburg and the Neustettin constituency in Pomerania. He accepted the mandate in Arnswalde.
Elected MPs by constituency
In each of the 397 constituencies , a member was elected by absolute majority voting. If no candidate achieved an absolute majority in the first ballot, a runoff election was held between the two best-placed candidates. The following tables show the constituency winners and their party status as stated in the official final result.
Prussia
Bavaria
Saxony
Württemberg
to bathe
| Grand Duchy of Baden | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Constance , Überlingen , Stockach | Friedrich Hug | center | |
| 2 | Donaueschingen , Villingen | Hermann von Hornstein | DKP | |
| 3 | Waldshut , Säckingen , Neustadt in the Black Forest | Joseph Schuler | center | |
| 4th | Loerrach , Muellheim | Ernst Blankenhorn | NLP | |
| 5 | Freiburg , Emmendingen | Ludwig Marbe | center | |
| 6th | Lahr , Wolfach | Friedrich Schaettgen | center | |
| 7th | Offenburg , Kehl | Maximilian Wilhelm Reichert | center | |
| 8th | Rastatt , Bühl , Baden-Baden | Franz Xaver Lender | center | |
| 9 | Pforzheim , Ettlingen | Georg Frank | NLP | |
| 10 | Karlsruhe , Bruchsal | Markus Pflüger | FVp | |
| 11 | Mannheim | Ernst Bassermann | NLP | |
| 12 | Heidelberg , Mosbach | Carl Emil Weber | NLP | |
| 13 | Bretten , Sinsheim | William of Douglas | DKP | |
| 14th | Tauberbischofsheim , Buchen | Rudolf von Buol-Berenberg | center | |
Hesse
| Grand Duchy of Hesse | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Giessen , Grünberg , Nidda | Philipp Koehler | Anti-Semites ( Ref ) | |
| 2 | Friedberg , Büdingen , Vilbel | Waldemar of Oriola | NLP | |
| 3 | Lauterbach , Alsfeld , Schotten | Oswald Zimmermann | Anti-Semites ( Ref ) | |
| 4th | Darmstadt , Gross-Gerau | Arthur Osann | NLP | |
| 5 | Offenbach , Dieburg | Carl Ulrich | SPD | |
| 6th | Erbach , Bensheim , Lindenfels , Neustadt im Odenwald | Otto Hirschel | Anti-Semites ( Ref ) | |
| 7th | Worms , Heppenheim , Wimpfen | Cornelius von Heyl zu Herrnsheim | NLP | |
| 8th | Bingen , Alzey | Albert Traeger | FVp | |
| 9 | Mainz , Oppenheim | Franz Jöst | SPD | |
Small states
Alsace-Lorraine
The party-political allocation of the MPs follows the explanations by Hermann Hiery and C.-W. Friction.
| Reichsland Alsace-Lorraine | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Altkirch , Thann | Landolin Winterer | Individual candidate d. political catholicism | |
| 2 | Mulhouse | Fernand Bueb | SPD | |
| 3 | Kolmar | Jacques Preiss | E.-L. Protest party | |
| 4th | Gebweiler | Joseph Guerber | Individual candidate d. political catholicism | |
| 5 | Rappoltsweiler | Ignatius Simonis | Individual candidate d. political catholicism | |
| 6th | Schlettstadt | Otto Pöhlmann | DKP | |
| 7th | Molsheim , Erstein | Hugo Zorn from Bulach | DKP | |
| 8th | Strasbourg city | August Bebel | SPD | |
| 9 | Strasbourg country | August Bostetter | NLP | |
| 10 | Hagenau , Weissenburg | Alexander zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst | DKP | |
| 11 | Babble | Johannes Hoeffel | DRP | |
| 12 | Saargemünd , Forbach | Jean Colbus | Individual candidate d. political catholicism | |
| 13 | Bolchen , Diedenhofen | Julius Joseph Neumann | Individual candidate d. political catholicism | |
| 14th | Metz | Marie Bernhard Haas | Individual candidate d. political catholicism | |
| 15th | Saarburg , Château-Salins | Peter Küchly | Individual candidate d. political catholicism | |
The parliamentary groups of the 9th Reichstag
In the 9th Reichstag, several members of the parliament did not join the faction of their actual party and some remained non-attached. Four DHP MPs joined the center group. Since MPs had won a double mandate in five cases , but could only accept the mandate for one constituency, the Reichstag had only 392 members at the beginning of the 9th legislative period. Initially, the parliamentary groups had the following strengths:
| center | 99 |
| German Conservatives | 68 |
| National Liberals | 52 |
| Social democrats | 43 |
| German Reich Party | 27 |
| Liberal People's Party | 22nd |
| Poland | 19th |
| Liberal Association | 13 |
| German People's Party | 11 |
| German reform party | 10 |
| Non-attached | 28 |
In the further course of the legislative period, the strength of the individual parliamentary groups changed several times due to by-elections and changes in parliamentary groups.
See also
literature
- Carl-Wilhelm Reibel: Handbook of the Reichstag elections 1890-1918. Alliances, results, candidates (= handbooks on the history of parliamentarism and political parties. Volume 15). Droste, Düsseldorf 2007, ISBN 978-3-7700-5284-4 .
Web links
- Statistical Yearbook of the German Reich (PDF; 161 kB)
- Elections in Germany until 1918 , there:
- German history in documents and pictures , there:
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Imperial Statistical Office (Ed.): Quarterly Issues on Statistics of the German Reich, Second Volume, Issue 4 . Berlin 1893.
- ^ Hermann Hiery: Reichstag elections in the Reichsland. A contribution to the regional history of Alsace-Lorraine and the electoral history of the German Empire 1871–1918. Droste Verlag Düsseldorf. 1986, pp. 446–448 ff Table 50: Political groups and parties in Alsace-Lorraine and p. 449 ff: Appendix: Biographical list of the members of the German Reichstag elected in the Reichsland Alsace-Lorraine from 1874–1918. ISBN 3-7700-5132-7 .
- ^ Reichstag Handbook 1893. (PDF) Munich Digitization Center, p. 266 , accessed on November 20, 2009 .
- ↑ Reichstag Handbook 1893, supplementary volume 1896. (PDF) Munich Digitization Center, accessed on November 20, 2009 .
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