District of Gelnhausen
| coat of arms | Germany map | |
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Coordinates: 50 ° 12 ' N , 9 ° 12' E |
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| Basic data (as of 1974) | ||
| Existing period: | 1822-1974 | |
| State : | Hesse | |
| Administrative region : | Darmstadt | |
| Administrative headquarters : | Gelnhausen | |
| Area : | 640 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 95,600 (1973) | |
| Population density : | 149 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| License plate : | GN | |
| Circle key : | 06 1 40 | |
| Circle structure: | 73 parishes | |
| District Administrator : | Hans Rüger ( CDU ) | |
The district of Gelnhausen is a former district in Hesse . It existed from 1945 to 1974; his area is now part of the Main-Kinzig district . The name is derived from the former district town of Gelnhausen. This has been the seat of the district administration again since 2005, but now that of the Main-Kinzig district, in which the district was incorporated in 1974.
geography
Location, limits, size
The district extended from Vogelsberg in the north to the Bavarian border in the south in what is now Hesse. In 1949 the district covered an area of 640 km² with 73 communities and 95,600 inhabitants.
Neighboring areas
At the beginning of 1972 the district bordered in a clockwise direction in the west, starting with the districts of Hanau , Büdingen , Lauterbach and Schlüchtern (all in Hesse) and the districts of Gemünden am Main , Lohr am Main and Alzenau in Lower Franconia (all in Bavaria ).
History until 1945
Until 1945 the district was only called Kreis Gelnhausen . Only with the municipal legislation of the State of Hesse after the Second World War was the official designation of districts introduced for all districts.
Construction in the new state of Hesse in 1945
“Even before the victorious powers took over public authority in Germany in the Berlin Declaration of June 5, 1945, the occupying power began to set up a military administration and a German civil administration alongside one another in what is now the state of Hesse, with mayors and district administrators appointed by them. From the second half of April 1945, the establishment of an administration was extended to the level of the administrative districts. ”The American occupation authorities resorted to the old administrative districts and had already installed Hans Bredow as regional president in the Wiesbaden administrative district on May 1, 1945 . The supreme commander of the American armed forces in Europe proclaimed on September 19, 1945 for the American zone u. a. the state of Greater Hesse , on October 15, 1945, the Greater Hessian state government began its work in Wiesbaden. The Gelnhausen district continued to belong to the Wiesbaden administrative district and was part of the new state, initially Greater Hesse and, from 1946, Hesse .
District or county?
Although, according to the Hessian legal situation, there could have been counties since 1946/52, the district did not initially designate itself as a district, although this would have been required under the legal situation. Only later were the seals and letterheads changed. In the state of Greater Hesse, created by the occupying power in 1945, and later Hesse, a district order (not a district order) was issued, but section 1 of the law already mentions districts (which is not maintained in the further legal text). It was not until the law of February 25, 1952 that it referred to itself as the Hessian District Code (HKO), but it did not consistently speak of the district, mostly only of the district (with later changes in the law, it became the district until 1981; the majority of the Hessian districts had this name in theirs But not names).
Reorganization
The Wiesbaden administrative district was dissolved in 1968 and the Gelnhausen district was assigned to the Darmstadt administrative district in southern Hesse . As part of the regional reform in Hesse , the district was dissolved on July 1, 1974 and incorporated into the Main-Kinzig district with the independent city of Hanau , the district of Hanau and the district of Schlüchtern .
Population development
| Residents | 1821 | 1830 | 1885 | 1890 | 1900 | 1910 | 1925 | 1939 | 1950 | 1960 | 1961 | 1967 | 1970 | 1973 |
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| District / District of Gelnhausen | 18,168 | 28,885 | 41,057 | 41,773 | 43,818 | 47,731 | 51,223 | 54.051 | 79,978 | 81,400 | 81,773 | 89.207 | 90,857 | 95,600 |
politics
District administrators since 1945
- 1945–1946: Georg Stetefeld (FDP) district administrator by order of the American occupation authorities
- 1946–1968: Heinrich Kreß (CDU)
- 1968–1974: Hans Rüger (CDU)
coat of arms
The coat of arms was approved for the Prussian district of Gelnhausen on August 18, 1937 by the Prussian State Ministry and adopted by the later Hessian district.
Blazon : “Divided by gold and red; above a red armored black eagle with a silver breastplate, inside a black bar, below a six-spoke silver wheel. "
The upper half of the shield corresponds to the current coat of arms of the district town. The former free imperial city of Gelnhausen usually carried the one-headed imperial eagle. However, the bar sign, which has been documented since around 1400, is to be regarded as the actual urban symbol. The wheel is the coat of arms of the Archbishopric Mainz. In the district coat of arms it reminds of the growing power position of the electoral state in the district, especially in the Orbtal and Joßgrund, later also in the free court and in the Aufenau rule . After secularization, the Electorate of Hesse and Bavaria became his heirs.
The coat of arms was designed by State Archives Councilor Otto Korn .
Communities
Parishes in 1939 and 1949
Inhabitants of the communities in the Gelnhausen district (as of 1939 and 1949)
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Evacuees, refugees and displaced persons, new citizens
During the Second World War, evacuees came mainly from the large cities of the Rhine-Main area to the district area.
From 1946 onwards, refugees and displaced persons came to the four zones of occupation in Germany, mainly from East Central Europe and Southeast Europe. By the end of 1947, the proportion of refugees and displaced persons in the Soviet zone of occupation should be 24.3% (approx. 4.4 million), in the American zone 17.7% (approx. 4 million), in the British 14.5% (approx. 3.3 million) and in the French 1% (approx. 60,000). By 1948, the district's municipalities had taken in around 16,000 displaced persons . Most of them (over 10,000) came from the Sudetenland (especially from Sternberg, Elbogen and Falkenau , Asch and Graslitz ), from the areas east of the Oder and Neisse rivers, approx. 3000, from Hungary (especially from the Bonyhád and Alsónána community) approx. 1600 people (from Poland, Romania, Yugoslavia, Austria and other areas approx. 650). In the following years there were regroupings (the population originating from cities strived back to cities, the population originating from rural areas remained in the then rather rural district). The fact that the Wegscheide reception camp was in Bad Orb , in the district, played a decisive role in the distribution in the district . The integration into the profession and work process did the rest: Preferred settlement communities were the places with extensive public transport by train and bus. The focus was on the locations of Wächtersbach , Wirtheim / Neu-Wirtheim, Gelnhausen / Altenhaßlau, Roth / Lieblos, Hailer / Meerholz and Niedermittlau / Rothenbergen (approx. 4000) or Somborn and Neuenhaßlau (approx. 1100).
Association for housing construction
The Zweckverband Gemeinnützigerwohnbau, Kreis Gelnhausen was a self-creation of the district and had no parallel in the whole of Germany. The housing shortage should not only be countered with federal and state funds, but also with the district's own help. On April 27, 1949, the district and 52 (of 79) municipalities belonging to the district adopted the association's statutes (14 more municipalities later joined), the aim of which was to create apartments. This should be achieved on the one hand through residual financing of planned construction projects (price increase during the construction phase) and on the other hand through own buildings (mostly on behalf of and for those interested in building). With a resolution of December 9, 1949, the district president in Wiesbaden formed the association and established the association's statutes in accordance with the then applicable special-purpose association law; the regulation came into effect on December 10, 1949.
To finance the building projects, the member communities should bring in DM 1 (= EUR 0.51) per head of their population and the district at least DM 20,000 (= EUR 10,339) into the association; However, in addition to the planned amount, the district has brought considerable additional funds (up to DM 60,000 = EUR 30,677.51) into the association each year. The deposits consisted of loans that should flow back to the depositors after the end of their work or the dissolution of the association. There were hardly any administrative costs because the members of the management board and the supervisory board were active on a voluntary basis (no expense allowances or other remuneration).
The member communities reported to the district willing to build, which granted them loans from the funds collected (interest rate 3%). The repayment installments have been agreed individually, depending on the client's income situation. The intention was to return the money to the Zweckverbandkasse as soon as possible in order to make it available to new builders again and again. In the first year of its existence, the Zweckverband funded 252 apartments.
In the first ten years, with the help of this money, 1,310 apartments were created through the allocation of 2,600,000 DM (= 1,329,358 euros). The association built 131 apartments (row houses and condominiums) itself, so that a total of 1422 apartments have been created. Residual financing meant issuing smaller loan amounts (microloans, for today's situation in Germany ) that were entered in the land register in the last place (i.e. a claim that is the last to be satisfied in a foreclosure auction ( locus principle )). As a rule, the builders were able to obtain “first-rate” bank loans and “second-rate” building society loans (ranking) or similar. and had the chance to receive remaining amounts that could not be secured in the usual banking manner . In this way, the shortage of capital for projects in "social housing" should be countered.
On March 19, 1973, the district president in Darmstadt, acting as the supervisory authority, resolved to dissolve the special-purpose association on the basis of a unanimous resolution of May 9, 1963 by the association's assembly.
Territorial reform 1970 to 1974
The administrative reform of the SPD / FDP coalition in Hesse brought with it not only the functional reform, but also a territorial reform of the municipalities and districts. Up to January 1, 1970 there were 74 towns and municipalities in the Gelnhausen district; most of them were administered on a voluntary basis (including by mayors who did volunteer work). After the reform was completed on June 30, 1974, there were twelve cities and municipalities, all of which were administered "full-time".
According to the chronological order of the mergers, these were:
Freigericht from Altenmittlau, Bernbach, Horbach, Neuses, Somborn;
Brachttal from Hellstein, Neuenschmidten, Schlierbach, Spielberg, Streitberg, Udenhain;
Gelnhausen from Gelnhausen, Hailer, Haitz, Höchst, Meerholz, Roth;
Biebergemünd from Breitenborn AB, Bieber, Kassel, Lanzingen, Roßbach, Wirtheim;
Lentil dish from Altenhaßlau, Eidengesäß, Geislitz, Großenhausen, Lützelhausen;
Wächtersbach from Aufenau, Hesseldorf, Leisenwald, Neudorf, Wächtersbach, Waldensberg, Weilers, Wittgenborn;
Birstein from Birstein, Bösgesäß, Böß-buttocks, Fischborn, Illnhausen, Hettersroth, Kirchbracht, Lichenroth, Mauswinkel, Oberreichenbach, Obersotzbach, Unterreichenbach, Untersotzbach, Völzberg, Wettges, Wüstwillenroth;
Hasselroth from Gondsroth, Neuenhaßlau, Niedermittlau;
Joßgrund from Burgjoss, Lettgenbrunn, Oberndorf, Pfaffenhausen;
Gründau from Breitenborn AW, Gettenbach, Hain-Gründau, Mittel-Gründau, Lieblos, Niedergründau, Rothenbergen;
Flörsbachtal from Flörsbach, Kempfenbrunn, Lohrhaupten, Mosborn.
The following communities were incorporated into communities in the neighboring districts: Alsberg (district of Bad Soden-Salmünster), Helfersdorf (district of Kefenrod), Katholisch-Willenroth (district of Bad Soden-Salmünster), Mernes (district of Bad Soden-Salmünster), Radmühl ( District of Freiensteinau), Wolferborn (district of Büdingen).
The following communities from the neighboring district of Büdingen were incorporated into communities in the district of Gelnhausen: Böß-Gesäß and Illnhausen (from the district of Büdingen) to Birstein, Hain-Gründau and Mittel-Gründau (from the district of Büdingen) to Gründau.
License Plate
On July 1, 1956, the district was assigned the distinctive sign GN when the vehicle registration number that is still valid today was introduced . It was issued until June 30, 1974. Since January 2, 2013 it has been available again in the Main-Kinzig district with the exception of the special status city of Hanau.
Individual evidence
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Statistical yearbook for the Federal Republic of Germany . tape 1975 . Wiesbaden.
- ↑ Declaration in view of the defeat of Germany and the assumption of supreme governmental power with regard to Germany from June 5, 1945, Official Gazette (OJ) of the Control Council in Germany, supplementary sheet no
- ^ Jochen Lengemann : The Hesse Parliament 1946–1986. Biographical manual of the advisory state committee of the state assembly advising the constitution of Greater Hesse and the Hessian state parliament 1. – 11. Election period, Frankfurt am Main (Insel) 1986, p. 15
- ↑ Art. 1 of Proclamation No. 2 of September 19, 1945, also: http://www.verfassungen.de/de/bw/proklamation2-45.htm
- ^ Basic State Law of the State of Greater Hesse of November 22, 1945, (Law and Ordinance Gazette) GVBl. P. 23, also: http://www.verfassungen.de/de/he/hessen45.htm
- ^ District regulation for the state of Greater Hesse , law of January 24, 1946 (Law and Ordinance Gazette, GVBl. 1946 p. 101), in force from May 13, 1946 to May 4, 1952
- ^ Rolf Jehke: Territorial changes in Germany. Retrieved May 22, 2009 .
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 363 .
- ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. gelnhausen.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Eckhart G. Franz : Historical development of the Gelnhausen district. In: 150 Years of the Gelnhausen District - Heimat-Jahrbuch des Gelnhausen District 1971 - Annual calendar for families and homes in town and country between Vogelsberg and Spessart. Gelnhausen 1970, pp. 29-35
- ↑ Overview of the community administration of the Gelnhausen district in: Between Vogelsberg and Spessart, Heimat-Jahrbuch for the Gelnhausen district 1950, Gelnhausen 1949, pp. 92–118
- ↑ Johannes-Dieter Steinert: The great escape and the years after. In: Hans-Erich Volkmann (Ed.): End of the Third Reich - End of the Second World War. A perspective review. Published on behalf of the Military History Research Office , Munich 1995, ISBN 3-492-12056-3 , p. 561.
- ↑ Roman Hanke: Those who found home with us - Something about the new citizens of our district. In: Between Vogelsberg and Spessart, Heimat-Jahrbuch des Kreis Gelnhausen - 1955 -, Gelnhausen 1954. pp. 91–93.
- ^ Formation of the "Zweckverband Gemeinnütziger Wohnungsbau Kreis Gelnhausen" on December 9, 1949 . In: State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1949 no. 52 , p. 545 , point 950 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 2.2 MB ]).
- ^ Heinrich Kreß (District Administrator) Association for non-profit housing construction in the Gelnhausen district . In: Between Vogelsberg and Spessart - 1950 - Heimat-Jahrbuch des Kreis Gelnhausen, publisher: The district administrator of the Gelnhausen district, Heinrich Kreß, Gelnhausen 1949, p. 90 f.
- ^ Heinrich Kreß (district administrator) 10 years association for social housing in the Gelnhausen district in: Between Vogelsberg and Spessart, Heimat-Jahrbuch des Gelnhausen district - 1959 -, Gelnhausen 1958, p. 131 f.
- ↑ With reference to Sections 11, 7 and 21 of the then applicable Zweckverbandgesetz of June 7, 1939; Dissolution of the special purpose association "Non-profit Housing District Gelnhausen" on March 19, 1973 . In: State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1973 No. 15 , p. 688 , point 515 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 5.4 MB ]).
- ^ Heinrich Amberg The controversial reform - up to 1970 there were 74 cities and municipalities in: Between Vogelsberg and Spessart - 1985 -, Gelnhauser Heimat-Jahrbuch, annual calendar for family and home in city and country between Vogelsberg and Spessart, Gelnhausen 1984, p. 97 f.
1972 dissolved: District Alsfeld | District of Büdingen | District of Erbach | District Friedberg | District of Hersfeld | District of Hofgeismar | District of Hünfeld | Lauterbach district | Obertaunuskreis | Rotenburg district | Usingen district | Wolfhagen district . 1973 dissolved: District of Eschwege | District of Frankenberg | District of Fritzlar-Homberg | District of Melsungen | District of Waldeck | District of Witzenhausen | Ziegenhain district . 1974 dissolved: District Biedenkopf | District of Gelnhausen | District of Hanau | Limburg County | District of Marburg | Oberlahnkreis | District of Schlüchtern . 1976 dissolved: Darmstadt district | District of Dieburg | Dill circle | Rheingau district | Untertaunuskreis | Wetzlar district .