Bieber (Biebergemünd)

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Beaver
Biebergemünd municipality
Bieber coat of arms
Coordinates: 50 ° 9 ′ 33 ″  N , 9 ° 19 ′ 37 ″  E
Height : 213 m
Area : 26.07 km²
Residents : 2194
Population density : 84 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : July 1, 1974
Postal code : 63599
Area code : 06050
Town center with upper church (back) and lower church
Town center with upper church (back) and lower church

Bieber is a part of the municipality of Biebergemünd in the Main-Kinzig district in East Hesse .

Geographical location

Bieber is located at an altitude of 215 m above sea ​​level on the river Bieber of the same name in the upper ground of the Biebertal, which opens to the northwest from the Spessart , about twelve kilometers southeast of Gelnhausen.

history

middle Ages

The upper ground is said to have been settled as early as 1000. The oldest surviving mention of the place comes from 1339. In the relevant document, the condominium in the Bieber office was regulated between the counts of Counts von Rieneck and the lords of Hanau , after Hanau in 1333 half of the office Bieber - and thus also the village of the same name - was regulated von Kurmainz had received a fiefdom . Historical forms of name were:

  • Biberach (1339)
  • Beaver (1598)

Bieber was the focal point for the surrounding villages as a place of court and seat of the main church of the office of Bieber. When the county of Hanau was divided in 1458, Bieber came to the Hanau-Munzenberg region.

Modern times

In the Middle Ages and in the early modern period , the central church authority was the Archdeaconate of St. Peter and Alexander in Aschaffenburg , Rodgau's deanery . Perhaps as early as 1542 the Reformation was carried out in the counties of Rieneck and Hanau-Münzenberg . Most of the population, the Laurentiuskirche and the Burgbergkapelle became Lutheran .

Shortly thereafter, the Counts of Rieneck died out in 1559. Their rights reverted to Kurmainz. Bieber was now a condominium between Kurmainz and Hanau-Münzenberg. This also meant that the "Second Reformation" carried out by Count Philipp Ludwig II in the County of Hanau-Munzenberg, the introduction of the Reformed variant of the Reformation, did not take effect, but rather - in contrast to the rest of the County of Hanau - Bieber remained Lutheran.

In the Thirty Years' War Bieber was severely destroyed. The Laurentius Church was not rebuilt until 1660. Also in 1660 it was agreed between Mainz and Hanau that the Roman Catholic residents of Bieber would receive the Burgberg chapel and use it as a parish church .

In 1684 the condominium between Mainz and Hanau was dissolved by a contract: The Bieber office was completely transferred to Hanau together with the Lohrhaupten office . Mainz received the joint office of Partenstein in full. 1736 died with Count Johann Reinhard III. the last Count of Hanau and the county of Hanau-Münzenberg fell to the Landgraviate of Hessen-Kassel (from 1803: " Electorate of Hesse "). In the same year a chief forester's office was set up in Bieber. Today's Lower Church was built in 1766 as a reformed church for miners who had moved here.

In 1821 there was a fundamental administrative reform in the Electorate of Hesse. From January 1, 1822, Bieber belonged to the newly formed district of Gelnhausen, which in turn became part of the Main-Kinzig district in 1974.

On November 15, 1928, the previously independent villages Röhrig and Büchelbach were merged with Bieber to form the new municipality of Bieber.

On October 1, 1971, the previously independent municipalities of Breitenborn AB , Lanzingen and Roßbach were incorporated into the municipality of Bieber as part of the regional reform in Hesse , from which, in turn, on July 1, 1974, together with Biebergemünd, the new large municipality of Biebergemünd was formed by state law.

The area of ​​the former municipality of Bieber was 26.05 km².

Until 2012, Bieber was a state-approved resort.

Mining

In the Biebergrund there was mining , first mentioned in 1494 . He had a major influence on the development of the previously poor forest village of Bieber. Mining concentrated on copper , silver and lead , and later also on iron and cobalt . Initially, the mining of the so-called Kalkofer Letten seam was carried out by trade unions . The silver for some of the altarpieces in the Bieber church from 1722 comes from this mining.

Mining and metallurgy has been state-run since 1739 and flourished under the family of the mining inspector Franz Ludwig Cancrin . It was only during this time that mining in Bieber became more important than other small mining areas in the Spessart . At times between 400 and 500 people were employed here. Copper, silver and, at times, lead were extracted from a copper lath.

The silver was minted between 1754 and 1803 to make coins, the Bieber exploitation valleys. It came mainly from the southern Lochborn Letten seam (found in 1746, extraction from 1748 over approx. 40 years), from 1754 also from the Röhriger seam. Slate ore was added from Hain-Gründau between 1758 and 1773 . A total of around 40,000 to 45,000 exploitation thalers and guilders are said to have been minted in Kassel and Hanau .

Copper mining was discontinued soon after 1802 due to the exhaustion of profitable ores, while cobalt mining for arsenide cobalt ores and their oxidation products continued until 1867. Cobalt mining began with the Röhriger Kobalt ridge, then extended to the corridors I – IV in Lochborn and finally to a corridor north of Bieber. The cobalt ridges usually only carried minable ores in the area of ​​the Kupferlettens, similar to those in the Richelsdorf mountains. The cobalt ores were mainly processed in the Schwarzenfels blue paint works in the Sinntal . Tubular cobalt vitriol was first discovered here as a rarity and known under the name of Bieberit . Bieber was the seat of a mining and steelworks office .

To promote ore mining, Bieber received a railway connection with the narrow-gauge Spessart Railway in 1885 . It led from Gelnhausen to Lochborn. In 1951 it ceased operations. Part of the railway line at Bieber is still preserved as a hiking and cycling path.

The iron mining was based on a metasomatically formed siderite deposit in Zechstein above the Kupferletten, which was mostly already oxidized to limonitic ore. The relatively large reserves for the Spessart allowed mining with its own smelting facility in Bieber. Due to the high arsenic content of the ore, the iron obtained was “cold brittle”. To prevent this, it had to be mixed with low or arsenic free iron ore from other deposits. This, too, led to the fact that mining was stopped in May 1925 due to insufficient profitability, and the community turned into a residential community.

Population development

Source: Historical local dictionary

  • 1588: 52 households
  • 1633: 47 households
  • 1643: 17 residents, 11 widows and 23 children
  • 1753: 56 households with 269 people
Bieber: Population from 1753 to 2016
year     Residents
1753
  
 269
1821
  
 1,136
1834
  
 901
1840
  
 994
1846
  
 1,021
1852
  
 1.007
1858
  
 859
1864
  
 765
1871
  
 788
1875
  
 779
1885
  
 794
1895
  
 795
1905
  
 847
1910
  
 892
1925
  
 872
1939
  
 1,345
1946
  
 1,945
1950
  
 1.923
1956
  
 1,711
1961
  
 1,711
1967
  
 2,021
1970
  
 1,867
2006
  
 2,300
2011
  
 2,228
2016
  
 2,194
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; 1821; Biebergemünd municipality

Religious affiliation

Source: Historical local dictionary

  • 1885: 403 Protestant (= 50.76%), 391 Catholic (= 49.24%) residents
  • 1961: 771 Protestant (= 45.06%), 912 Catholic (= 53.30%) residents

badges and flags

Banner Bieber (Biebergemuend) .svg

coat of arms

Bieber coat of arms

Blazon : shield divided by a wavy cut of red and gold, above a blue-armored red beaver, below two crossed silver hammers.

Reason: The upper half is a talking symbol and represents the place name. The lower half symbolizes mining in Bieber. The wave cut symbolizes the eponymous river Bieber. The colors red and gold are those of the County of Hanau.

The coat of arms was the community Bieber in the district of Gelnhausen , Region of Wiesbaden on 8 July 1966 by the Hessian Ministry of the Interior approved, designed, it was by the Nauheim Bad heraldist Heinz ride .

flag

On January 10, 1967, the municipality of Bieber was approved by the Hessian Ministry of the Interior , which is described as follows:

"Divided by gold and red, the municipal coat of arms in the middle."

Cultural monuments

See also: List of cultural monuments in Bieber

societies

  • Biebertal musicians
  • German Red Cross OV Bieber / Roßbach
  • DLRG OV Bieber
  • Eintracht fan club 1973 Bieber
  • Friends of the primary school in Biebertal
  • Bieber volunteer fire department
  • Gesangverein Liederkranz 1847 Bieber
  • Rifle Club Freischütz 1918 Bieber
  • Marching band Teutonia 1963 Bieber
  • SV Germania 08 Bieber
  • Gymnastics Club 08 Bieber

Personalities

Bieber's sons and daughters

Personalities associated with Bieber

Franz Ludwig von Cancrin
  • Johann Heinrich Cancrin (1710–1768 [1]), mining engineer. From 1741 he was head of the mines in Bieber
  • Franz Ludwig Cancrin (1738–1816) grew up in Bieber and went to school here
  • Johann Heinrich Cassebeer (1784-1850) was a pharmacist, botanist and geologist, as well as an agricultural and viticulture specialist, politician and well-known natural scientist

literature

Web links

Commons : Bieber (Biebergemünd)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Bieber, Main-Kinzig district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of October 16, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ↑ https://www.biebergemuend.de/seite/de/spessart/0454:38/tn_38/Zahlen_Daten_und_Fakten.html
  3. ↑ K. Henß: The area of ​​the Hanauer Union . In: The Hanauer Union = Festschrift for the centenary of the Protestant uniate church community in the consistorial district of Cassel on May 28, 1918. Hanau 1918, p. 73 f.
  4. ↑ Ordinance of June 29, 1821 on the restructuring of the previous state administration , in (collection of laws, ordinances, notices and other general orders for Kurhessen from the year 1821, court and orphanage printer, Cassel) kurhess GS 1821, p. 29 -62; also in: Wilhelm Möller and Karl Fuchs (eds.): Collection of the legal provisions still valid in the Electorate of Hesse from 1813 to 1860. Elwert'sche Universitäts-Buchhandlung, Marburg and Leipzig 1866, pp. 311–351
  5. ↑ Law on the reorganization of the districts of Gelnhausen, Hanau and Schlüchtern and the city of Hanau as well as the recirculation of the cities of Fulda, Hanau and Marburg (Lahn) concerning questions (GVBl. 330-26) of March 12, 1974 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1974 No. 9 , p. 149 , § 9 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 3.0 MB ]).
  6. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 362-363 .
  7. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Official municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Final results after the census of September 13, 1950 (=  Statistics of the Federal Republic of Germany . Volume 33 ). W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Cologne 1952, p. 105 ( digital version [PDF; 27.1 MB ]).
  8. ↑ 78th meeting of the specialist committee for health resorts, recreational areas and healing fountains in Hesse on November 15, 2012 . In: State pointer for the state of Hesse . No. 7 , 2013, ISSN  0724-7885 , p. 309 .
  9. ↑ cf. Freymann, p. 51
  10. ^ K. Freymann: The metal ore mining in the Spessart. In: Publications of the History and Art Association Aschaffenburg. 1991
  11. ↑ for examples see: http://www.spessartit.de/taler.htm
  12. ^ JCL Schmidt: Mineralogical description of the Biebergrund. In: CC Leonhards pocket book for the entire mineralogy. Frankfurt / Main 1808, pp. 45-80
  13. ↑ E. Messer: Copper slate, sand ore and cobalt backs in the Richelsdorf mountains. In: Hessian deposit archive. Issue 3, Wiesbaden 1955
  14. ↑ Pictures of minerals from Bieber can be found here: http://www.spessartit.de/
  15. ↑ Number based on Thomas Klein: Outline of German Administrative History 1815–1845 . Row A: Prussia. Volume 11: Hessen-Nassau including predecessor states. Marburg 1979, p. 111.
  16. ↑ Approval of a coat of arms of the municipality of Bieber, district Gelnhausen, administrative district Wiesbaden of July 8, 1966 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1966 No. 30 , p. 978 , item 694 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 4,9 MB ]).
  17. ^ Approval of a flag for the municipality of Bieber in the district of Gelnhausen, administrative district of Wiesbaden from January 10, 1967 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1967 No. 4 , p. 115 , point 78 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 5.4 MB ]).