Hanau district
coat of arms | Germany map | |
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Coordinates: 50 ° 8 ' N , 8 ° 55' E |
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Basic data (as of 1974) | ||
Existing period: | 1821-1974 | |
State : | Hesse | |
Administrative region : | Darmstadt | |
Administrative headquarters : | Hanau | |
Area : | 292.54 km 2 | |
Residents: | 154,700 (Dec. 31, 1973) | |
Population density : | 529 inhabitants per km 2 | |
License plate : | HU | |
Circle key : | 06 1 43 | |
Circle structure: | 19 municipalities |
The district of Hanau was a district in the south-east of what is now the state of Hesse , which from 1821 to 1867 became an electoral Hesse and then a Prussian district and from 1886 to 1974 as the district of Hanau after the city district of Hanau had been spun off. The district seat was the city of Hanau .
geography
Beginning in 1974, the district bordered clockwise in the northwest with the Wetterau district and the Gelnhausen district in Hesse, the Aschaffenburg district in Bavaria and the Offenbach district and the independent cities of Offenbach am Main and Frankfurt am Main in Hesse. In the southwest of the district, the Main formed a natural boundary.
history
Kurhessen
Emergence
The district became a territorial unit of the Electorate of Hesse with effect from January 1, 1822 according to the electoral ordinance of June 29, 1821 after the separation of the judiciary (§§ 36 ff. Of the ordinance) and administration (§§ 58 ff. Of the ordinance) founded. The decree on the new organization of state administration divided the state into four provinces. Each province was again divided into circles (§ 1), the province of Hanau into four.
The new district was named "District Hanau". It roughly corresponded to the former "Untergrafschaft" of the County of Hanau-Münzenberg , which had belonged to the Landgraviate of Hessen-Kassel , later the Electorate of Hesse, since 1736 . The Hanau district became their cities
- Old town Hanau
- Neustadt Hanau
and their offices
educated.
Geographical situation
The new Hanau district had 31,651 inhabitants. It formed the southernmost tip of the state. It was only connected to the rest of the Hessian region via the Gelnhausen district, which borders on the east . In the north and south were the Hesse-Darmstadt provinces of Upper Hesse and Starkenburg , in the southeast the Kingdom of Bavaria , in the west the Duchy of Nassau and the free city of Frankfurt .
The revolution of 1848
On October 31, 1848, the Hessian provinces and districts were abolished and replaced by districts and administrative offices. Hanau was now in the Hanau administrative office of the Hanau district, which, however, had the same scope as the previous district and the previous province. The reform was reversed as early as September 15, 1851, and the district and province were restored.
Prussia
The following decades were marked by a constant shrinking of the district area:
The aftermath of 1866
In the German War of 1866, Kurhessen was conquered by Prussia and finally annexed . In 1867 the former Kurhessen became the new administrative district of Kassel , the previous districts were retained. At the same time, the Hanau district ceded several communities to the Grand Duchy of Hesse through the peace treaty of September 3, 1866 :
- Dorheim , Nauheim , Rödgen and Schwalheim came to the Friedberg district
- Rumpenheim came to the Offenbach district
- Massenheim came to the Vilbel district .
In 1868 the Hanau district became part of the newly formed Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau .
Further outsourcing
The increasingly strong growth of the population in the second half of the 19th century meant that local authorities repeatedly left the district because they either became an independent unit - as in the case of the city of Hanau - or had to be given to rapidly growing neighbors, especially in Frankfurt am Main . In the course of this process, the Hanau district shrank to around half of its original area.
1886 . On April 1, 1886, the city of Hanau left the district and formed its own urban district , but remained the administrative seat of the district - as is common in Prussia. Also in 1886, the municipality of Bockenheim and the rural communities of Berkersheim , Eckenheim , Eschersheim , Ginnheim , Praunheim , Preungesheim and Seckbach were separated from the Hanau district and incorporated into the new Frankfurt district. The Frankfurt district itself was dissolved in 1910. At that time the last of these communities fell to the city of Frankfurt. After 1886 the district of Hanau consisted of the township of Windecken , 32 rural communities and several manor districts . Großauheim was now its largest community.
1907 was Kesselstadt incorporated into the town of Hanau and separated from the county territory.
1928 . On April 1, 1928, the district lost the community of Fechenheim , which was incorporated into Frankfurt. Due to the loss of the industrial companies based in Fechenheim (including Cassella paint works, tool factory Meuser & Co.), the district lost 47% of its trade tax income . Furthermore, the manor districts in Prussia were dissolved, some of which in turn left the district association and fell to the city of Hanau.
Last reorganizations in Prussia
The province of Hessen-Nassau existed until June 30, 1944, after which it was divided into the Prussian provinces of Kurhessen and Nassau, which, however, had hardly any practical consequences due to the turmoil of the war. On July 1, 1944, the district of Hanau was reclassified from the administrative district of Kassel to the administrative district of Wiesbaden .
Hesse
After the war ended, Hessen-Nassau became part of Greater Hesse and on January 1, 1946, into Hesse . As in 1866, the Hanau district remained territorially unchanged. The city of Windecken and 31 other parishes still belonged to him. Since April 1968, the district was part of the Darmstadt administrative district due to the dissolution of the Wiesbaden administrative district . In the last few years of its existence, the outer borders of the district changed several times:
- On January 1, 1970, the Heldenbergen community from the Friedberg district became part of the new town of Nidderau in the Hanau district.
- On December 31, 1970, the communities of Langen-Bergheim from the Büdingen district and Büdesheim from the Friedberg district were incorporated into the new communities of Hammersbach and Schöneck in the Hanau district.
- On July 1, 1971, the municipality of Gronau left the district and was incorporated into the municipality of Bad Vilbel in the Friedberg district.
- On December 31, 1971, the community of Mittelbuchen left the district and was incorporated into the independent city of Hanau.
- On August 1, 1972, the Altwiedermus community from the Büdingen district was incorporated into the Ronneburg community in the Hanau district.
After further amalgamations and the establishment of new communities, the district comprised 19 communities at the end of its existence in June 1974, including the four cities of Bergen-Enkheim , Dörnigheim , Großauheim and Nidderau.
As part of the district reform in Hesse , the Main-Kinzig district was formed on July 1, 1974 from the three districts of Hanau, Schlüchtern and Gelnhausen and the independent city of Hanau . At the same time, further incorporations took place on July 1, 1974, so that the towns of Bergen-Enkheim, Maintal and Nidderau and ten other communities from the old district of Hanau finally joined the Main-Kinzig district. Bergen-Enkheim was added to the city of Frankfurt as a new district on January 1, 1977.
Population development
- 1821: 31,651 inhabitants
- 1871: 67,296 inhabitants
- 1886: 36,943 inhabitants
- 1890: Protestants , 5,944 Roman Catholic , 1,133 Jews 39,457 inhabitants, including 32,317
- 1900: 48,412 inhabitants, of which 38,533 Protestants, 8,627 Roman Catholic
- 1910: 57,075 inhabitants, of which 44,722 were Protestants and 10,901 were Roman Catholics
- 1925: 63.365
- 1933: 56,661 inhabitants, of which 43,806 Protestants, 10,182 Roman Catholics, 7 other Christians, 864 Jews
- 1939: 60,153 inhabitants
- 1944: 58,884 inhabitants
- 1946: 76.332
- 1953: 83.431
- 1961: 96,174 inhabitants
- 1970: 135,155 inhabitants
- 1973: 154,700 inhabitants
politics
District administrators
The district of Hanau had the following district administrators:
Kurhessen
- 1821–1839: Georg Friedrich Cöster until 1835: District Councilor ; (1780-1839)
- 1840–1849: Heinrich Wachs (1796–1875)
- 1849–1852: Daniel Cornelius Maria Rauh (1801–1890)
- 1852–1853: Christian Ludwig Weber (1806–1879)
- 1853–1868: Friedrich August Wilhelm Cornelius (1817–1885)
Prussia
- 1868–1884: Eduard von Schrötter (1822–1883)
- 1884–1885: Eduard von Broich (1834–1907)
- 1885–1889: Wilhelm von Bismarck (1852–1901)
- 1889–1895: Karl Friedrich von Oertzen (1844–1914)
- 1895–1902: Bernhard von Schenck (1851–1934)
- 1902–1909: Rudolf von Beckerath (1863–1945)
- 1909–1918: Maximilian Laur von Münchhofen (1863–1936)
- 1918–1919: Georg Wagner appointed by the Workers 'and Soldiers' Council (November 1918–16 January 1919)
- 1918–1920: Carl Christian Schmid (1886–1955)
- 1920–1922: Johannes Gottlob Paul Voigt (1889–1954)
- 1922–1933: Eugen Kaiser (1879–1945)
- 1933–1945: Fritz Löser (1893–1973)
- 1945: Mathias Floeth (1896–1956)
Hesse
- 1945–1966: Wilhelm Voller (1897–1973)
- 1966–1967: Fritz Schubert (1914–1967)
- 1968–1974: Martin Woythal (1928–2011)
coat of arms
Blazon : "In a shield divided by red and gold, a growing silver swan reinforced with gold at the top, a blue, oblique, wavy bar at the bottom."
The Hessian Minister of the Interior approved the coat of arms on April 9, 1954. |
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Communities
local community | population | comment | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
integra- alteration |
Spin- off, dissolution |
1821 | 1910 | 1939 | 1961 | 1970 | ||
Baiersröderhof ( manor district ) | 1821 | 1928 | 37 | 49 | To Marköbel | |||
Bergen-Enkheim | 1821 | 1977 | 5323 | 6323 | 10158 | 14722 | Name until November 7, 1936 Bergen , from 1968 city, on January 1, 1977 to the independent city of Frankfurt am Main | |
Berkersheim | 1821 | 1886 | To the Frankfurt district | |||||
Bischofsheim | 1821 | 1974 | 1914 | 2385 | 4787 | 9652 | To Maintal | |
Bockenheim | 1821 | 1886 | To the Frankfurt district | |||||
Bruchköbel | 1821 | 1974 | 1346 | 1947 | 4370 | 8707 | To the Main-Kinzig-Kreis | |
Butter City | (1821) 1900 | 1971 | 88 | 74 | 120 | 113 | Re-formed on July 25, 1900, to Bruchköbel on December 31, 1971 | |
Dörnigheim | 1821 | 1974 | 2167 | 2749 | 7071 | 16302 | From 1964 city, on July 1, 1974 to Maintal | |
Dorheim | 1821 | 1866 | According to Art. 14 of the peace treaty of September 3, 1866 to the Grand Duchy of Hesse | |||||
Dottenfelderhof (manor district) | 1821 | 1928 | 37 | To Gronau | ||||
Eckenheim | 1821 | 1886 | To the Frankfurt district | |||||
Oak trees | 1821 | 1971 | 847 | 960 | 1380 | 1507 | To Nidderau | |
Hereditary City | 1821 | 1971 | 644 | 805 | 1050 | 1144 | To Nidderau | |
Erlensee | 1970 | 1974 | - | - | - | - | Newly formed on January 1, 1970, in 1974 to the Main-Kinzig district | |
Eschersheim | 1821 | 1886 | To the Frankfurt district | |||||
Fechenheim | 1821 | 1928 | 8524 | - | - | - | To the Frankfurt am Main district | |
Ginnheim | 1821 | 1886 | To the Frankfurt district | |||||
Gronau | 1821 | 1971 | 411 | 537 | 802 | 1261 | To Bad Vilbel | |
Gronauerhof (manor district) | 1821 | 1928 | 27 | To Gronau | ||||
Grossauheim | 1821 | 1974 | 6368 | 7544 | 12614 | 15884 | City from 1956, to Hanau on July 1, 1974 | |
Großkrotzenburg | 1821 | 1974 | 1826 | 2681 | 4142 | 6162 | To the Main-Kinzig-Kreis | |
Hammersbach | 1970 | 1974 | - | - | - | - | Newly formed on December 31, 1970, to the Main-Kinzig-Kreis | |
Hanau | 1821 | 1886 | 9634 | From 1886 own city district | ||||
High city | 1821 | 1974 | 1460 | 1719 | 2972 | 4253 | To Maintal | |
Buttocks | 1831 | 1971 | 1178 | 1159 | 1502 | 1638 | From the district of Gelnhausen , 1971 to Ronneburg | |
Kesselstadt | 1821 | 1907 | - | - | - | - | Pop. 1895: 1499; to the urban district of Hanau | |
Kilian cities | 1821 | 1970 | 1586 | 1896 | 2984 | 4580 | To Schöneck | |
Kinzigheimer Hof (manor district) | 1821 | 1928 | 29 | 85 | To Bruchköbel | |||
Langendiebach | 1831 | 1970 | 2275 | 4063 | - | From the district of Gelnhausen, 1970 to Erlensee | ||
Langenselbold | 1831 | 1974 | 1682 | 5305 | 6337 | 8656 | 9761 | From the district of Gelnhausen to the Main-Kinzig district |
Marquetry | 1821 | 1970 | 1269 | 1355 | 1587 | 1683 | To Hammersbach | |
Massenheim | 1821 | 1866 | According to Art. 14 of the peace treaty of September 3, 1866 to the Grand Duchy of Hesse | |||||
Middle booking | 1821 | 1971 | 1110 | 1312 | 1585 | 1860 | To the city of Hanau | |
Nauheim | 1821 | 1866 | According to Art. 14 of the peace treaty of September 3, 1866 to the Grand Duchy of Hesse | |||||
Neuberg | 1971 | - | - | - | - | Re-formed on April 1, 1971 | ||
Neuwiedermuss | 1831 | 1971 | 181 | 193 | 243 | 268 | From the district of Gelnhausen, 1971 to Ronneburg | |
Nidderau , city | 1970 | 1974 | - | - | - | - | Re-formed on January 1st, 1970, to the Main-Kinzig-Kreis | |
Niederdorfelden | 1821 | 1974 | 897 | 842 | 1322 | 2455 | To the Main-Kinzig-Kreis | |
Niederissigheim | 1821 | 1971 | 415 | 434 | 690 | 1308 | To Bruchköbel | |
Niederrodenbach | 1821 | 1970 | 1536 | 2063 |
See Roden- bach |
- | To Rodenbach | |
Oberdorfelden | 1821 | 1970 | 307 | 343 | 491 | 1246 | To Schöneck | |
Oberförsterei Hanau (manor district) | 1821 | 1928 | 3 | To Wolfgang | ||||
Oberissigheim | 1821 | 1971 | 445 | 496 | 650 | 921 | To Bruchköbel | |
Oberrodenbach | 1821 | 1970 | 565 | 639 |
See Roden- bach |
- | To Rodenbach | |
Ostheim | 1821 | 1974 | 1393 | 1614 | 2481 | 2967 | To Nidderau | |
Philippsruhe (manor district) | 1821 | 1928 | 45 | To the city of Hanau | ||||
Praunheim | 1821 | 1886 | To the Frankfurt district | |||||
Preungesheim | 1821 | 1886 | To the Frankfurt district | |||||
Ravolzhausen | 1831 | 1971 | 1008 | 1204 | 1777 | 2145 | From the district of Gelnhausen, 1971 to Neuberg | |
Rodenbach | 1970 | 1974 | - | - | 4367 | 6698 | Re-formed on March 1, 1970, to the Main-Kinzig district | |
Rödgen | 1821 | 1866 | According to Art. 14 of the peace treaty of September 3, 1866 to the Grand Duchy of Hesse | |||||
Ronneburg | 1971 | 1974 | - | - | - | - | Re-formed on December 31, 1971, to the Main-Kinzig-Kreis | |
Rossdorf | 1821 | 1974 | 904 | 1101 | 1445 | 1933 | To Bruchköbel | |
Return | 1831 | 1970 | 1454 | 1869 | - | From the district of Gelnhausen in 1970 to Erlensee | ||
Rudigheim | 1821 | 1971 | 658 | 667 | 2638 | 3525 | To Neuberg | |
Rüdigheimerhof (manor district) | 1821 | 1928 | 21st | To Rüdigheim | ||||
Rumpenheim | 1821 | 1866 | According to Art. 15, Paragraph 2, Clause 2 of the Peace Treaty of September 3, 1866 to the Grand Duchy of Hesse | |||||
Schöneck | 1970 | 1974 | - | - | - | - | Newly formed on December 31, 1970, to the Main-Kinzig-Kreis | |
Schwalheim | 1821 | 1866 | According to Art. 14 of the peace treaty of September 3, 1866 to the Grand Duchy of Hesse | |||||
Seckbach | 1821 | 1886 | To the Frankfurt district | |||||
Guard beech | 1821 | 1974 | 1227 | 1629 | 2307 | 2557 | To Maintal | |
Wilhelmsbad (manor district) | 1821 | 1928 | 76 | To the city of Hanau | ||||
Wilhelmsbader Hof (manor district) | 1821 | 1928 | To the city of Hanau | |||||
Wind corners | 1821 | 1970 | 1724 | 2033 | - | To Nidderau | ||
wolfgang | (1880) 1885 | 1971 | 320 | 1180 | 1411 | 1856 | In the beginning also: "powder mill". Established in 1880, own manor district in 1885, parish in 1928, in 1971 in Großauheim |
License Plate
On July 1, 1956, the district was assigned the distinctive sign HU when the vehicle registration number that is still valid today was introduced . From July 1, 1974 to May 31, 2005 it was the distinguishing mark of the entire Main-Kinzig district. Since then it was and is only the identifier for Hanau as a Hessian special status city .
As part of the license plate liberalization , the distinguishing mark HU can optionally be issued again for the rest of the Main-Kinzig district since June 15, 2016.
Web links
Remarks
- ↑ Provisional from April 6, 1945 to May 30, 1945.
Individual evidence
- ^ Ordinance of June 29, 1821 on the restructuring of the previous state administration. In: Collection of laws, ordinances, notices and other general orders for Kurhessen from 1821 (Hof- und Waisenhaus-Druckerei, Cassel), kurhess GS 1821, pp. 29–62; also in: Wilhelm Möller and Karl Fuchs (eds.): Collection of the legal provisions still valid in the Electorate of Hesse from 1813 to 1860. Elwert'sche Universitäts-Buchhandlung, Marburg and Leipzig 1866, pp. 311–351
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Georg-Wilhelm Hanna (arrangement): The district of Hanau and its district administrators . Ed .: Kreissparkasse Hanau . Hanau 1989. Therein: Johann Peter Eyring: Der Landkreis Hanau , pp. 7–11.
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 367 .
- ↑ Law on the reorganization of the districts of Gelnhausen, Hanau and Schlüchtern and the city of Hanau as well as the recirculation of the cities of Fulda, Hanau and Marburg (Lahn) concerning questions (GVBl. 330-26) of March 12, 1974 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1974 No. 9 , p. 149 , § 17 and § 18 ( online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 3.0 MB ]).
- ^ The municipalities and manor districts of the Hesse-Nassau province and their population in 1871
- ↑ Statistical Yearbook for the Federal Republic of Germany 1975
- ^ Hanna: The district of Hanau , p. 14; Rolf Jehke: Hanau district (= territorial changes in Germany and German-administered areas 1874–1945 .) Herdecke 2006; Thomas Klein: Senior officials in the general administration in the Prussian province of Hessen-Nassau and in Waldeck 1867–1945 (= sources and research on Hessian history 70. ) Darmstadt / Marburg 1988.
- ↑ Approval of a coat of arms of the district of Hanau a. M. in the administrative district of Wiesbaden from April 9, 1954 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1954 No. 17 , p. 423 , item 373 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 3,9 MB ]).