Roßdorf (Bruchköbel)

Rossdorf City of Bruchköbel Coordinates: 50 ° 11 ′ 52 " N , 8 ° 54 ′ 40" E
Height :	133 m above sea level NHN
Residents :	3000
Incorporation :	July 1, 1974
Postal code :	63486
Area code :	06181

Hanauer Strasse with the old town hall (around 1700), in front of it the town hall fountain (around 1713), on the right behind the bakery (around 1773).

Roßdorf is a district of the city of Bruchköbel in the Hessian Main-Kinzig district .

Geographical location

Roßdorf is located at an altitude of 134 m above sea level about 7 km north of Hanau . The upper village was built on the Michelsberg. The (old) connecting road Friedberg-Hanau runs through Roßdorf.

history

prehistory

Settlement finds from the area go back to the Neolithic .

middle Ages

The oldest surviving documentary mentions of the village date from around 850 and 1062, when Mr. and Gaugraf Reginbodo donated the church of Roßdorf to the Fulda monastery. In 1192 a pastor is mentioned. Even before 1200 Roßdorf was the seat of an Archipresbyter who was in charge of the Roßdorf Regional Chapter , the ecclesiastical central authority for the surrounding communities. He was subordinate to the Archdeaconate of St. Maria ad Gradus in Mainz .

At the end of the 12th century, the Antoniter Order established its first monastery in Germany in Roßdorf. It had numerous branches from Marville in Lorraine to Brieg an der Oder, today: Brzeg . Due to differences with the territorial lords of the surrounding area, the seat of the convent was relocated to Höchst am Main in 1441 , although an administrator still resided in Roßdorf and was responsible for the surrounding, extensive property of the order.

When the sovereignty was established in the late Middle Ages, Roßdorf was in the office of Büchertal of the Hanau rule , from 1429: County Hanau , after the division of 1458: County Hanau-Münzenberg .

Historical forms of names

Roßdorf was mentioned under the following names in documents that have been preserved (the year of mention in brackets):

Rostorf (around 850)
Rosdorf (1062)
Rostroff (1241)
Rorstorf (1273)

Modern times

The Reformation was gradually introduced in the county of Hanau-Münzenberg in the middle of the 16th century . This happened first in the Lutheran sense. With the Reformation, the influence of the Antonites on the village waned, the monastery slowly fell into disrepair and the patronage of the church changed from the Fulda monastery to the Counts of Hanau-Münzenberg. In a "second Reformation", the denomination of the County of Hanau-Munzenberg was changed again: From 1597 Count Philipp Ludwig II pursued a decidedly reformed church policy. He made use of Jus reformandi , his right as sovereign to determine the denomination of his subjects, and made this largely binding for the County of Hanau-Munzenberg. After the Reformation, the parish belonged to the Windecken class ( deanery ). Butterstadt also belonged to the parish .

After the death of the last Hanau count, Johann Reinhard III. , In 1736, Landgrave Friedrich I of Hessen-Kassel inherited the County of Hanau-Münzenberg and with it the office of Büchertal and Roßdorf on the basis of an inheritance contract from 1643. In 1803 the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel was elevated to the status of the Electorate of Hesse . During the Napoleonic period, the office of Büchertal was under French military administration from 1806, belonged to the Principality of Hanau from 1807–1810 , and then from 1810 to 1813 to the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt , Department of Hanau . Then it fell back to the Electorate of Hesse. After the administrative reform of the Electorate of Hesse in 1821, under which the Electorate of Hesse was divided into four provinces and 22 districts, the office of Büchertal was added to the newly formed district of Hanau . With the annexation of Kurhessen by the Kingdom of Prussia after the lost war of 1866 , Roßdorf also became Prussian.

On July 1, 1974, the agricultural community of Roßdorf was incorporated into the town of Bruchköbel as part of the regional reform in Hesse by virtue of state law. The district of Hanau was incorporated into the Main-Kinzig district in 1974.

Industrial history

Coal was also mined in Roßdorf for 30 years. The basis for this was the foothills of the Horloff trench. The emerging groundwater destroyed the seam. But the railway construction also brought cheaper coal from the Ruhr area to Rossdorf.

Population development

Source: Historical local dictionary

1632: approx. 51 families
1634: 58 households
1707: 38 families
1732: 65 riding at court
1754: 75 families = 340 inhabitants
1812: 67 fire places (including the Butterstädt farm), 447 souls

Roßdorf: Population from 1812 to 1970
year		Residents
1812	447
1834	586
1840	624
1846	652
1852	662
1858	617
1864	647
1871	643
1875	634
1885	720
1895	786
1905	814
1910	904
1925	1,015
1939	1.102
1946	1,600
1950	1,533
1956	1,445
1961	1,445
1967	1,649
1970	1.933
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968. Other sources:

Religious affiliation

Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1830:	618 Protestant (= 85.83%), 102 Catholic (= 14.17%) residents
• 1961:	1269 Protestant (= 87.82%), 148 Catholic (= 10.24%) residents

religion

church

From the Middle Ages to the 18th century there were two churches in Roßdorf: the village church, first mentioned in 1062 - today Michaels Church - and the church of the Antoniterkloster, built until 1240. January 17th, Antoniustag , was the day of the consecration of the church. The Antonite Church was no longer needed after the Reformation and fell into disrepair. The main part of the Romanesque village church has been preserved. In 1765, however, it was rebuilt inside and turned to face west.

coat of arms

On September 2, 1965, the municipality Roßdorf in that time was the district Hanau , Region of Wiesbaden , a coat of arms with the following Blazon awarded: In red a growing left silver, blaubezungtes horse and right above a black cross.

Culture and sights

Buildings

The townscape of Roßdorf is characterized by the church, the town hall (around 1700), the old bakery (1773) in the center and the “Stone Ross” built in 2003 at the entrance to the town. In the Oberdorfstrasse there are rows of different half-timbered houses and courtyards.

Old Town Hall
Old bakery
Hof in Oberdorfstrasse

Regular events

On a Sunday around January 17th, a parish fair , the "curb" is celebrated. The next day the wheelbarrow race takes place, which has its origin in a bet from the 1920s.
Once a year, around September 1st, Roßdorf celebrates the multi-day Backhaus Festival. Then bread is baked in the old bakery.
Hohe Straße, an old trading route to Frankfurt, is located near Roßdorf. There is also the waiting tree. The surroundings are also shaped by the wind turbines set up on Hohe Straße.

literature

Ingrid Dallmeyer: Chronicle of the city of Bruchköbel and its districts of Roßdorf, Niederissigheim, Oberissigheim and Butterstadt . Bruchköbel 1989.

Wilhelm Dersch: Hessian monastery book. Source studies on the history of the founders, monasteries and branches of religious cooperatives founded in the administrative district of Kassel, in the Grafschaft Schaumburg district, in the province of Upper Hesse and in the Biedenkopf district . 2nd ed. 1940. ND 2000, p. 136.

Peter Gbiorczyk: The development of the rural school system in the county of Hanau from the Reformation to 1736. The offices of Büchertal and Windecken . Aachen 2011. ISBN 978-3-8440-0331-4

Peter Gbiorczyk: The "two Reformations" in the County of Hanau-Münzenberg using the example of the rural communities Bruchköbel, Nieder- and Oberissigheim and Roßdorf (1514-1670) , New Magazine for Hanau History 2017, pp. 8-67 ( online [PDF; 5 , 75 MB])

Peter Gbiorczyk: The schools in Roßdorf (Bruchköbel) 1574-1818 ( online [PDF; 1.5 MB])

Rainer Haas: 950 years of Michaels Church in Roßdorf 1062-2012 . Ed .: Parish Council Roßdorf. Bruchköbel 2012.

Rainer Haas: Roßdorfer all sorts. Collected Articles , 2006.

Uta Löwenstein: The Roßdorf friendship = sources and research on Hessian history 81. Darmstadt 1991.

Heinrich Reimer : Historical local dictionary for Kurhessen. Publications of the Historical Commission for Hesse 14, 1926 p. 406.

Roßdorf in the past and present , commemorative publication for the 1200th anniversary, published by the Roßdorf association, Bruchköbel 2000.

Literature about Roßdorf in the Hessian Bibliography

Web links

Commons : Roßdorf - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Roßdorf district on the website of the city of Bruchköbel.
Historical information on the Roßdorf district on the website of the city of Bruchköbel.
Roßdorf, Main-Kinzig district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).

Individual evidence

↑ Löwenstein, p. VI.
↑ See: "Roßdorf, Antoniterhaus, Main-Kinzig-Kreis". Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Roßdorf, Main-Kinzig district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of September 25, 2015). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
↑ Max Aschkewitz: Pastor history of the Hanau district ("Hanauer Union") until 1986 , part 1 = publications of the Historical Commission for Hesse 33. Marburg 1984, p. 309.
↑ Law on the reorganization of the districts of Gelnhausen, Hanau and Schlüchtern and the city of Hanau as well as the recirculation of the cities of Fulda, Hanau and Marburg (Lahn) concerning questions (GVBl. 330-26) of March 12, 1974 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1974 No. 9 , p. 149 , § 3 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 3.0 MB ]).
^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 367 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c In the years 1632, 1707 and 1754 the number of inhabitants in the county of Hanau was determined. The figures are reproduced here after Erhard Bus: The consequences of the great war - the west of the county of Hanau-Munzenberg after the Peace of Westphalia . In: Hanauer Geschichtsverein 1844 : The Thirty Years War in Hanau and the surrounding area = Hanauer Geschichtsblätter 45 (2011), ISBN 978-3-935395-15-9 , pp. 277-320 (289 ff.)
↑ Dallmeyer, p. 51.
↑ Approval of a coat of arms of the community Roßdorf, district Hanau, administrative district Wiesbaden from August 2, 1965 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1965 no. 38 , p. 1102 , point 912 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 6.2 MB ]).
↑ Homepage to the curb

[1] Löwenstein, p. VI.

[2] See: "Roßdorf, Antoniterhaus, Main-Kinzig-Kreis". Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).

[lagis-3] Roßdorf, Main-Kinzig district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of September 25, 2015). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).

[4] Max Aschkewitz: Pastor history of the Hanau district ("Hanauer Union") until 1986 , part 1 = publications of the Historical Commission for Hesse 33. Marburg 1984, p. 309.

[5] Law on the reorganization of the districts of Gelnhausen, Hanau and Schlüchtern and the city of Hanau as well as the recirculation of the cities of Fulda, Hanau and Marburg (Lahn) concerning questions (GVBl. 330-26) of March 12, 1974 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1974 No. 9 , p. 149 , § 3 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 3.0 MB ]).

[6] Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 367 .

[GH-7] In the years 1632, 1707 and 1754 the number of inhabitants in the county of Hanau was determined. The figures are reproduced here after Erhard Bus: The consequences of the great war - the west of the county of Hanau-Munzenberg after the Peace of Westphalia . In: Hanauer Geschichtsverein 1844 : The Thirty Years War in Hanau and the surrounding area = Hanauer Geschichtsblätter 45 (2011), ISBN 978-3-935395-15-9 , pp. 277-320 (289 ff.)

[8] Dallmeyer, p. 51.

[9] Approval of a coat of arms of the community Roßdorf, district Hanau, administrative district Wiesbaden from August 2, 1965 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1965 no. 38 , p. 1102 , point 912 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 6.2 MB ]).

[10] Homepage to the curb