Hanau district

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the Hanau district
Hanau district
Map of Germany, position of the Hanau district highlighted

Coordinates: 50 ° 8 '  N , 8 ° 55'  E

Basic data (as of 1974)
Existing period: 1821-1974
State : Hesse
Administrative region : Darmstadt
Administrative headquarters : Hanau
Area : 292.54 km 2
Residents: 154,700 (Dec. 31, 1973)
Population density : 529 inhabitants per km 2
License plate : HU
Circle key : 06 1 43
Circle structure: 19 municipalities
Seal mark of the Royal Prussian District Councilor in Hanau

The district of Hanau was a district in the south-east of what is now the state of Hesse , which from 1821 to 1867 became an electoral Hesse and then a Prussian district and from 1886 to 1974 as the district of Hanau after the city district of Hanau had been spun off. The district seat was the city of Hanau .

geography

Beginning in 1974, the district bordered clockwise in the northwest with the Wetterau district and the Gelnhausen district in Hesse, the Aschaffenburg district in Bavaria and the Offenbach district and the independent cities of Offenbach am Main and Frankfurt am Main in Hesse. In the southwest of the district, the Main formed a natural boundary.

history

Kurhessen

Emergence

The district became a territorial unit of the Electorate of Hesse with effect from January 1, 1822 according to the electoral ordinance of June 29, 1821 after the separation of the judiciary (§§ 36 ff. Of the ordinance) and administration (§§ 58 ff. Of the ordinance) founded. The decree on the new organization of state administration divided the state into four provinces. Each province was again divided into circles (§ 1), the province of Hanau into four.

The new district was named "District Hanau". It roughly corresponded to the former "Untergrafschaft" of the County of Hanau-Münzenberg , which had belonged to the Landgraviate of Hessen-Kassel , later the Electorate of Hesse, since 1736 . The Hanau district became their cities

  • Old town Hanau
  • Neustadt Hanau

and their offices

educated.

Geographical situation

The new Hanau district had 31,651 inhabitants. It formed the southernmost tip of the state. It was only connected to the rest of the Hessian region via the Gelnhausen district, which borders on the east . In the north and south were the Hesse-Darmstadt provinces of Upper Hesse and Starkenburg , in the southeast the Kingdom of Bavaria , in the west the Duchy of Nassau and the free city of Frankfurt .

The revolution of 1848

On October 31, 1848, the Hessian provinces and districts were abolished and replaced by districts and administrative offices. Hanau was now in the Hanau administrative office of the Hanau district, which, however, had the same scope as the previous district and the previous province. The reform was reversed as early as September 15, 1851, and the district and province were restored.

Prussia

The following decades were marked by a constant shrinking of the district area:

The aftermath of 1866

In the German War of 1866, Kurhessen was conquered by Prussia and finally annexed . In 1867 the former Kurhessen became the new administrative district of Kassel , the previous districts were retained. At the same time, the Hanau district ceded several communities to the Grand Duchy of Hesse through the peace treaty of September 3, 1866 :

In 1868 the Hanau district became part of the newly formed Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau .

Further outsourcing

The increasingly strong growth of the population in the second half of the 19th century meant that local authorities repeatedly left the district because they either became an independent unit - as in the case of the city of Hanau - or had to be given to rapidly growing neighbors, especially in Frankfurt am Main . In the course of this process, the Hanau district shrank to around half of its original area.

1886 . On April 1, 1886, the city of Hanau left the district and formed its own urban district , but remained the administrative seat of the district - as is common in Prussia. Also in 1886, the municipality of Bockenheim and the rural communities of Berkersheim , Eckenheim , Eschersheim , Ginnheim , Praunheim , Preungesheim and Seckbach were separated from the Hanau district and incorporated into the new Frankfurt district. The Frankfurt district itself was dissolved in 1910. At that time the last of these communities fell to the city of Frankfurt. After 1886 the district of Hanau consisted of the township of Windecken , 32 rural communities and several manor districts . Großauheim was now its largest community.

1907 was Kesselstadt incorporated into the town of Hanau and separated from the county territory.

1928 . On April 1, 1928, the district lost the community of Fechenheim , which was incorporated into Frankfurt. Due to the loss of the industrial companies based in Fechenheim (including Cassella paint works, tool factory Meuser & Co.), the district lost 47% of its trade tax income . Furthermore, the manor districts in Prussia were dissolved, some of which in turn left the district association and fell to the city of Hanau.

Last reorganizations in Prussia

The province of Hessen-Nassau existed until June 30, 1944, after which it was divided into the Prussian provinces of Kurhessen and Nassau, which, however, had hardly any practical consequences due to the turmoil of the war. On July 1, 1944, the district of Hanau was reclassified from the administrative district of Kassel to the administrative district of Wiesbaden .

Hesse

After the war ended, Hessen-Nassau became part of Greater Hesse and on January 1, 1946, into Hesse . As in 1866, the Hanau district remained territorially unchanged. The city of Windecken and 31 other parishes still belonged to him. Since April 1968, the district was part of the Darmstadt administrative district due to the dissolution of the Wiesbaden administrative district . In the last few years of its existence, the outer borders of the district changed several times:

After further amalgamations and the establishment of new communities, the district comprised 19 communities at the end of its existence in June 1974, including the four cities of Bergen-Enkheim , Dörnigheim , Großauheim and Nidderau.

As part of the district reform in Hesse , the Main-Kinzig district was formed on July 1, 1974 from the three districts of Hanau, Schlüchtern and Gelnhausen and the independent city of Hanau . At the same time, further incorporations took place on July 1, 1974, so that the towns of Bergen-Enkheim, Maintal and Nidderau and ten other communities from the old district of Hanau finally joined the Main-Kinzig district. Bergen-Enkheim was added to the city of Frankfurt as a new district on January 1, 1977.

Population development

  • 1821: 031,651 inhabitants
  • 1871: 067,296 inhabitants
  • 1886: 036,943 inhabitants
  • 1890: 039,457 inhabitants, including 32,317 Protestants , 05,944 Roman Catholic , 1,133 Jews
  • 1900: 048,412 inhabitants, of which 38,533 Protestants, 08,627 Roman Catholic
  • 1910: 057,075 inhabitants, of which 44,722 were Protestants and 10,901 were Roman Catholics
  • 1925: 063.365
  • 1933: 056,661 inhabitants, of which 43,806 Protestants, 10,182 Roman Catholics, 7 other Christians, 864 Jews
  • 1939: 060,153 inhabitants
  • 1944: 058,884 inhabitants
  • 1946: 076.332
  • 1953: 083.431
  • 1961: 096,174 inhabitants
  • 1970: 135,155 inhabitants
  • 1973: 154,700 inhabitants

politics

District administrators

The district of Hanau had the following district administrators:

Kurhessen

Prussia

Hesse

coat of arms

Coat of arms of the Hanau district
 Blazon : "In a shield divided by red and gold, a growing silver swan reinforced with gold at the top, a blue, oblique, wavy bar at the bottom."

The Hessian Minister of the Interior approved the coat of arms on April 9, 1954.

Communities

local community population comment
  integra-
alteration 		Spin-
off,
dissolution 		1821 1910 1939 1961 1970  
Baiersröderhof ( manor district ) 1821 1928 37 49 To Marköbel
Bergen-Enkheim 1821 1977 5323 6323 10158 14722 Name until November 7, 1936 Bergen , from 1968 city, on January 1, 1977 to the independent city of Frankfurt am Main
Berkersheim 1821 1886 To the Frankfurt district
Bischofsheim 1821 1974 1914 2385 4787 9652 To Maintal
Bockenheim 1821 1886 To the Frankfurt district
Bruchköbel 1821 1974 1346 1947 4370 8707 To the Main-Kinzig-Kreis
Butter City (1821) 1900 1971 88 74 120 113 Re-formed on July 25, 1900, to Bruchköbel on December 31, 1971
Dörnigheim 1821 1974 2167 2749 7071 16302 From 1964 city, on July 1, 1974 to Maintal
Dorheim 1821 1866 According to Art. 14 of the peace treaty of September 3, 1866 to the Grand Duchy of Hesse
Dottenfelderhof (manor district) 1821 1928 37 To Gronau
Eckenheim 1821 1886 To the Frankfurt district
Oak trees 1821 1971 847 960 1380 1507 To Nidderau
Hereditary City 1821 1971 644 805 1050 1144 To Nidderau
Erlensee 1970 1974 - - - - Newly formed on January 1, 1970, in 1974 to the Main-Kinzig district
Eschersheim 1821 1886 To the Frankfurt district
Fechenheim 1821 1928 8524 - - - To the Frankfurt am Main district
Ginnheim 1821 1886 To the Frankfurt district
Gronau 1821 1971 411 537 802 1261 To Bad Vilbel
Gronauerhof (manor district) 1821 1928 27 To Gronau
Grossauheim 1821 1974 6368 7544 12614 15884 City from 1956, to Hanau on July 1, 1974
Großkrotzenburg 1821 1974 1826 2681 4142 6162 To the Main-Kinzig-Kreis
Hammersbach 1970 1974 - - - - Newly formed on December 31, 1970, to the Main-Kinzig-Kreis
Hanau 1821 1886 9634 From 1886 own city district
High city 1821 1974 1460 1719 2972 4253 To Maintal
Buttocks 1831 1971 1178 1159 1502 1638 From the district of Gelnhausen , 1971 to Ronneburg
Kesselstadt 1821 1907 - - - - Pop. 1895: 1499; to the urban district of Hanau
Kilian cities 1821 1970 1586 1896 2984 4580 To Schöneck
Kinzigheimer Hof (manor district) 1821 1928 29 85 To Bruchköbel
Langendiebach 1831 1970 2275 4063 - From the district of Gelnhausen, 1970 to Erlensee
Langenselbold 1831 1974 1682 5305 6337 8656 9761 From the district of Gelnhausen to the Main-Kinzig district
Marquetry 1821 1970 1269 1355 1587 1683 To Hammersbach
Massenheim 1821 1866 According to Art. 14 of the peace treaty of September 3, 1866 to the Grand Duchy of Hesse
Middle booking 1821 1971 1110 1312 1585 1860 To the city of Hanau
Nauheim 1821 1866 According to Art. 14 of the peace treaty of September 3, 1866 to the Grand Duchy of Hesse
Neuberg 1971 - - - - Re-formed on April 1, 1971
Neuwiedermuss 1831 1971 181 193 243 268 From the district of Gelnhausen, 1971 to Ronneburg
Nidderau , city 1970 1974 - - - - Re-formed on January 1st, 1970, to the Main-Kinzig-Kreis
Niederdorfelden 1821 1974 897 842 1322 2455 To the Main-Kinzig-Kreis
Niederissigheim 1821 1971 415 434 690 1308 To Bruchköbel
Niederrodenbach 1821 1970 1536 2063 See
Roden-
bach 		- To Rodenbach
Oberdorfelden 1821 1970 307 343 491 1246 To Schöneck
Oberförsterei Hanau (manor district) 1821 1928 3 To Wolfgang
Oberissigheim 1821 1971 445 496 650 921 To Bruchköbel
Oberrodenbach 1821 1970 565 639 See
Roden-
bach 		- To Rodenbach
Ostheim 1821 1974 1393 1614 2481 2967 To Nidderau
Philippsruhe (manor district) 1821 1928 45 To the city of Hanau
Praunheim 1821 1886 To the Frankfurt district
Preungesheim 1821 1886 To the Frankfurt district
Ravolzhausen 1831 1971 1008 1204 1777 2145 From the district of Gelnhausen, 1971 to Neuberg
Rodenbach 1970 1974 - - 4367 6698 Re-formed on March 1, 1970, to the Main-Kinzig district
Rödgen 1821 1866 According to Art. 14 of the peace treaty of September 3, 1866 to the Grand Duchy of Hesse
Ronneburg 1971 1974 - - - - Re-formed on December 31, 1971, to the Main-Kinzig-Kreis
Rossdorf 1821 1974 904 1101 1445 1933 To Bruchköbel
Return 1831 1970 1454 1869 - From the district of Gelnhausen in 1970 to Erlensee
Rudigheim 1821 1971 658 667 2638 3525 To Neuberg
Rüdigheimerhof (manor district) 1821 1928 21st To Rüdigheim
Rumpenheim 1821 1866 According to Art. 15, Paragraph 2, Clause 2 of the Peace Treaty of September 3, 1866 to the Grand Duchy of Hesse
Schöneck 1970 1974 - - - - Newly formed on December 31, 1970, to the Main-Kinzig-Kreis
Schwalheim 1821 1866 According to Art. 14 of the peace treaty of September 3, 1866 to the Grand Duchy of Hesse
Seckbach 1821 1886 To the Frankfurt district
Guard beech 1821 1974 1227 1629 2307 2557 To Maintal
Wilhelmsbad (manor district) 1821 1928 76 To the city of Hanau
Wilhelmsbader Hof (manor district) 1821 1928 To the city of Hanau
Wind corners 1821 1970 1724 2033 - To Nidderau
wolfgang (1880) 1885 1971 320 1180 1411 1856 In the beginning also: "powder mill". Established in 1880, own manor district in 1885, parish in 1928, in 1971 in Großauheim

License Plate

On July 1, 1956, the district was assigned the distinctive sign HU when the vehicle registration number that is still valid today was introduced . From July 1, 1974 to May 31, 2005 it was the distinguishing mark of the entire Main-Kinzig district. Since then it was and is only the identifier for Hanau as a Hessian special status city .

As part of the license plate liberalization , the distinguishing mark HU can optionally be issued again for the rest of the Main-Kinzig district since June 15, 2016.

Web links

Commons : Landkreis Hanau  - Collection of images

Remarks

  1. ↑ Provisional from April 6, 1945 to May 30, 1945.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ordinance of June 29, 1821 on the restructuring of the previous state administration. In: Collection of laws, ordinances, notices and other general orders for Kurhessen from 1821 (Hof- und Waisenhaus-Druckerei, Cassel), kurhess GS 1821, pp. 29–62; also in: Wilhelm Möller and Karl Fuchs (eds.): Collection of the legal provisions still valid in the Electorate of Hesse from 1813 to 1860. Elwert'sche Universitäts-Buchhandlung, Marburg and Leipzig 1866, pp. 311–351
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Georg-Wilhelm Hanna (arrangement): The district of Hanau and its district administrators . Ed .: Kreissparkasse Hanau . Hanau 1989. Therein: Johann Peter Eyring: Der Landkreis Hanau , pp. 7–11.
  3. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 367 .
  4. ↑ Law on the reorganization of the districts of Gelnhausen, Hanau and Schlüchtern and the city of Hanau as well as the recirculation of the cities of Fulda, Hanau and Marburg (Lahn) concerning questions (GVBl. 330-26) of March 12, 1974 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1974 No. 9 , p. 149 , § 17 and § 18 ( online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 3.0 MB ]).
  5. ^ The municipalities and manor districts of the Hesse-Nassau province and their population in 1871
  6. ↑ Statistical Yearbook for the Federal Republic of Germany 1975
  7. ^ Hanna: The district of Hanau , p. 14; Rolf Jehke: Hanau district (= territorial changes in Germany and German-administered areas 1874–1945 .) Herdecke 2006; Thomas Klein: Senior officials in the general administration in the Prussian province of Hessen-Nassau and in Waldeck 1867–1945 (= sources and research on Hessian history 70. ) Darmstadt / Marburg 1988.
  8. ↑ Approval of a coat of arms of the district of Hanau a. M. in the administrative district of Wiesbaden from April 9, 1954 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1954 No. 17 , p. 423 , item 373 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 3,9 MB ]).