Middle booking

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Middle booking
City of Hanau
Former municipal coat of arms of Mittelbuchen
Coordinates: 50 ° 10 ′ 40 ″  N , 8 ° 53 ′ 18 ″  E
Height : 115  (150-160)  m above sea level NHN
Area : 9.43 km²
Residents : 3934  (March 31, 2018)
Population density : 417 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : December 31, 1971
Postal code : 63454
Area code : 06181

Mittelbuchen is the earliest documented and most of all rural district of Hanau in the Hessian Main-Kinzig district with around 3900 inhabitants.

Geographical location

Mittelbuchen lies at an altitude of 116 m above sea ​​level and is the northernmost district of Hanau, 5.5 km northwest of the core city and separated from it by a forest. The city of Frankfurt am Main is about 17 kilometers to the west. The closest places are in the west of the Wachenbuchen district of the city of Maintal and in the east Bruchköbel , each only a few kilometers away. Kilianstädten is located about three kilometers to the northwest, separated by the ridge of the "Hohe Straße" .

history

prehistory

In the area of ​​the district archaeological several Neolithic villages of the Bandkeramischen culture from the time from 5500 to 4900 BC can be found. Proven BC, including a settlement of the so-called oldest linear ceramics on the northern edge of Mittelbuchen (Hinter dem Hain), i.e. from the time when the first people settled in Central Europe. Numerous sites from the Neolithic, Bronze Age and Early Iron Age are also documented below . In the early period of the Roman occupation of the Wetterau , a fort of the first Wetterau Limes was located here at the end of the 1st century AD . In the further course of the Roman Empire , the area was marked by several Roman agricultural individual farms, the so-called villae rusticae . Central beeches seem to have had a prominent - albeit only rudimentary - importance in the early migration period (3rd - 6th centuries AD), as spectacular settlement finds discovered in 1994 in the area of ​​Oberdorfelder Strasse have shown. The location of today's place goes back to a Franconian settlement, of which numerous graves were found northwest of the old town center.

middle Ages

The oldest surviving mention of the Bucha district comes from June 1, 798 from a deed of donation from a Liubert to the Lorsch monastery listed in the Lorsch Codex . A distinction between the neighboring later beech places Mittelbuchen, Wachenbuchen, and today's deserted Lützelbuchen was not made at that time. The name of the three places can also be found in the name of the higher political unit, the office of Büchertal .

From the 11th century onwards, the place was a village of the Lords of Buchen , whose castle Wachenbuchen was a few kilometers southwest of Mittelbuchen. Their successors were the Lords of Hanau in the 13th century . In the vicinity of the Kinzigheimer Hof there is the Altenburg , another castle complex, the dating of which is unclear. The office of Büchertal and thus Mittelbuchen belonged to the rule and later county of Hanau , then the county of Hanau-Münzenberg . In 1370 the bailiwick was a fief of the Lords of Hanau to the von Brauneck .

In 1363 a parish church is mentioned that was consecrated to St. Boniface . Before the Reformation, the central church authority was the Archdeaconate of the Provost of St. Maria ad Gradus in Mainz, Landkapitel Roßdorf . The patronage lay with the gentlemen , later the Counts of Hanau . Since 1486 the pastor of Mittelbuchen was also one of the canons of the collegiate church of St. Maria-Magdalena in Hanau .

Hanau was a Mainz pledge and was under the tutelage of Archbishop Johann von Nassau when, in letters of April 29, 1419 and May 16, 1419, the Archbishop's waiter in Hanau issued an order that the village of Mittelbuchen should be called “Landsiedeln "Should be fortified and" dug up ", ie provided with a ditch and wall. Other sources say that the place was enclosed by a 725 meter long and 60 cm thick wall from the late 15th century. According to the latest research, however, this is not correct. The “Obertor”, which still exists today, was not mentioned for the first time in 1535, but as early as 1485. It is not known when the “Säuturm” next to it was built.

The church tower, which stands on a hill, was built at the same time, as evidenced by the year 1494. It can be assumed that it was used as a watch and defense tower.

Historical forms of names

Historic upper gate with defense tower and local history museum.
Alteburg in the forest near Mittelbuchen

In documents that have been received, Mittelbuch was mentioned under the following names (the year of mention in brackets):

  • Bucha (798)
  • Buchon (around 850)
  • Buochon (948)
  • Buochehun (1059)
  • Buocho (1062)
  • Book (1237)
  • Posting to funds (1344)
  • Mittilnbuychin (1360)

Early modern age

In the middle of the 16th century, the Reformation took hold in the county of Hanau-Münzenberg, initially in its Lutheran form. In a "second Reformation", the denomination of the County of Hanau-Munzenberg was changed again: From 1597 Count Philipp Ludwig II pursued a decidedly reformed church policy. He made use of the Jus reformandi , his right as sovereign to determine the denomination of his subjects, and enforced this largely as binding for the county, including in middle books. The higher church authority was now the consistory in Hanau . The community belonged to the "class" ( deanery ) Bücherthal.

After the death of the last Hanau count, Johann Reinhard III. , 1736, Landgrave Friedrich I of Hessen-Kassel inherited the County of Hanau-Münzenberg and with it the office of Büchertal and Mittelbuchen on the basis of a contract of inheritance from 1643.

Modern times

In 1803 the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel was elevated to the status of the Electorate of Hesse . During the Napoleonic period, the office of Büchertal was under French military administration from 1806, belonged to the Principality of Hanau from 1807–1810 and then from 1810 to 1813 to the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt , Department of Hanau . Then it fell back to the Electorate of Hesse. After the administrative reform of the Electorate of Hesse in 1821, under which the Electorate of Hesse was divided into four provinces and 22 districts, the office of Büchertal was added to the newly formed district of Hanau . With industrialization, the population grew to over a thousand at the end of the 19th century.

During the Second World War , the place was partially destroyed by two air raids .

In the run-up to the regional reform in Hesse , Mittelbuchen was faced with the decision to join Bruchköbel, the newly formed town of Maintal or Hanau. The municipal council decided in favor of Hanau with a majority of one vote. So Mittelbuchen became a district of Hanau on December 31, 1971.

Mittelbuchen has grown rapidly in recent times due to numerous new development areas. The new development area "Mittelbuchen Nordwest" is controversial, as the strictly protected European hamster settles in the development area . After a complaint by the BUND for the cancellation of the development plan failed in September 2018 before the Hessian Administrative Court , the city of Hanau began construction work while the main proceedings were still ongoing.

Population development

Occupied population figures are:

  • 1544: 0117 men
  • 1587: 86 defensive men00
  • 1632: 52 households00
  • 1707: 65 families00
  • 1754: 94 families = 411 inhabitants00
Mittelbuchen: Population from 1644 to 2018
year     Residents
1644
  
 246
1686
  
 300
1754
  
 411
1834
  
 604
1840
  
 621
1846
  
 622
1852
  
 686
1858
  
 665
1864
  
 725
1871
  
 756
1875
  
 754
1885
  
 827
1895
  
 874
1905
  
 1.003
1910
  
 1.110
1925
  
 1,208
1939
  
 1.310
1946
  
 1,542
1950
  
 1,619
1956
  
 1,563
1961
  
 1,592
1967
  
 1,717
1970
  
 1,860
2000
  
 3,087
2005
  
 3,333
2010
  
 3,531
2015
  
 3,787
2018
  
 3,934
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; 1644, 1686: after 1970:

Religious affiliation

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1885: 0816 Protestant (= 98.67%), 11 Catholic (= 1.33%) residents
• 1961: 1389 Protestant (= 87.25%), 169 Catholic (= 10.62%) residents

coat of arms

On 31 August 1965, the municipality Mittelbuchen in was district Hanau , Region of Wiesbaden , a coat of arms with the following Blazon awarded: In gold, a green beech between the black letters M and B.

Infrastructure

education

There is no school in Mittelbuch. Mittelbuchen primary school students visit the Büchertal School, which is operated jointly for both parts of the city, on the boundary between Mittelbuchen and Maintal-Wachenbuchen. Secondary schools are available in Hanau and Bruchköbel.

traffic

Bundesstraße 45 runs east of Mittelbuchen . Road connections exist to Hanau and the surrounding cities and communities.

The Hanauer streetcar AG serves Mittelbuchen the bus number 9. The coming from the direction of Niederdorfelden regional bus MKK-31 crosses Mittelbuchen also a ride on this bus, however, is twice as expensive as the line ninth

literature

  • Peter Jüngling : From Antiquity to the Middle Ages. bucha marca 798–1998 iubilans . In: Festschrift 1998, pp. 10–39.
  • Tim Kerig: Hanau-Mittelbuchen. Settlement and earthwork of the ceramic band culture. Material template - chronology - attempt at an action theory interpretation . University research on prehistoric archeology 156. Bonn 2008.
  • Heinrich Reimer : Historical local lexicon for Kurhessen (= publications of the historical commission for Hesse and Waldeck 14, ISSN  0342-2291 ). Elwert, Marburg 1926, p. 72 f. (Unchanged reprint. Ibid 1974, ISBN 3-7708-0509-7 ).
  • Eugen Heinz Sauer: Büchertal stories: Festival book for the 1200 year celebration of the districts of Hanau-Mittelbuchen and Maintal-Wachenbuchen . 1997
  • Eugen Heinz Sauer: Twelve Hundred Years of Mittelbuchen. A chronicle of Mittelbuchen from the earliest beginnings to its incorporation into the city of Hanau . Hanau 1979.
  • Ernst Gimplinger: “Field names in middle books in the past and present”. Hanau 2011
  • Literature on middle books in the Hessian Bibliography

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Statistics for the district on the website of the city of Hanau ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed March 2016. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.hanau.de
  2. ↑ Statistics of the city of Hanau from March 2018: Population figures with main residence , accessed in May 2018.
  3. ↑ Minst, Karl Josef [transl.]: Lorscher Codex (Volume 5), Certificate 3013, June 1, 798 - Reg. 2622. In: Heidelberger historical stocks - digital. Heidelberg University Library, p. 56 , accessed on April 21, 2016 .
  4. ↑ Max Aschkewitz: Pastor history of the Hanau district ("Hanauer Union") until 1986 , part 1 = publications of the Historical Commission for Hesse 33. Marburg 1984, p. 245.
  5. ↑ a b c d Mittelbuchen, Main-Kinzig-Kreis. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of May 9, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  6. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes for municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 345 .
  7. ↑ Mittelbuchen-Nordwest: New area for the hamster
  8. ↑ New development area Mittelbuchen: conservationists fail with application - Hanauer Anzeiger
  9. ↑ Mittelbuchen-Nordwest: Construction site preparation - Rottenplaces.de
  10. ↑ In the years 1632, 1707 and 1754 the number of inhabitants in the county of Hanau was determined. The figures are reproduced here after Erhard Bus: The consequences of the great war - the west of the county of Hanau-Munzenberg after the Peace of Westphalia . In: Hanauer Geschichtsverein 1844 : The Thirty Years War in Hanau and the surrounding area = Hanauer Geschichtsblätter 45 (2011), ISBN 978-3-935395-15-9 , pp. 277-320 (289 ff.)
  11. ^ Sauer: 1200 years , p. 72.
  12. ↑ Hanau figures in 2011 (PDF; 533 kB) Accessed December 24, 2018 .
  13. ↑ Approval of a coat of arms of the community Mittelbuchen, Hanau district dated August 31, 1965 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1965 no. 38 , p. 1102 , point 910 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 1.9 MB ]).