Wind corners

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Wind corners
City of Nidderau
Coat of arms of the Ostheim community from 1964 to 1974
Coordinates: 50 ° 13 ′ 25 ″  N , 8 ° 52 ′ 49 ″  E
Height : 128 m above sea level NHN
Residents : 6618  (2019)
Incorporation : January 1, 1970
Postal code : 61130
Area code : 06187

Windecken is a district of Nidderau in the Main-Kinzig district of Hesse .

Geographical location

Windecken lies on the left bank of the Nidder on the edge of the Wetterau and at the foot of the Ronneburg hill country , a foothill of the Vogelsberg at an altitude of 128 m above sea ​​level , about 12 km northwest of Hanau . To the west of the Nidder is the Heldenbergener Wetterau, named after the neighboring village .

history

middle Ages

The inner castle gate is the most striking remaining part of Windecken Castle .

The oldest surviving mention of Windecken, as Tezelenheim , dates from 850. Together with its neighboring town Ostheim , it fell to Reinhard I von Hanau in 1262 as a fief of the Archdiocese of Bamberg . Soon after, he began building Wonnecke Castle . The name passed to the place over time. Windeck Castle was the ancestral seat of the Lords and Counts of Hanau until the 15th century and later often the widow seat of Hanau Countesses. Parts of the curtain wall and two gates have been preserved.

On August 5, 1288 King Rudolf von Habsburg granted Ulrich I von Hanau town and market rights for Windecken as the first place in his rule Hanau . A mayor is mentioned for the first time in 1314 and a city seal is documented from 1343. In the late Middle Ages , Windecken belonged to the office of the same name, Windecken der Herrschaft and from 1429: County Hanau , after the division of 1458 to County Hanau-Münzenberg .

In 1314 a chapel is mentioned for the first time , and in 1325 a church in the city, today's "Stiftskirche" Windecken . It was initially assigned to the parish of Ostheim. It was only separated from this in 1489 and elevated to a parish church. The church patronage was initially with the Bishop of Bamberg , since 1489 with the Counts of Hanau.

The first Jewish community in Windecken was probably established at the beginning of the 14th century. At that time it was the largest in the Hanau rulership. In a plague pogrom in 1348/49, the Jews from Windecken were murdered or expelled. From 1411 onwards there were again evidence of Jews in Windecken, and in 1429 a synagogue ("Judenschule") was attested.

Historical forms of names

  • Tezelenheim (around 850)
  • Decilenheim (around 1000)
  • Detzelheim (1251)
  • Wunnecken (1277)
  • Wunnecke (1288)
  • Delightful corners (1302)

Early modern age

In the county of Hanau-Munzenberg, the Reformation was gradually introduced in the middle of the 16th century , initially in the Lutheran sense. In a “second Reformation”, the county's denomination was changed again: from 1597 Count Philip Ludwig II pursued a decidedly reformed church policy. He made use of the Jus reformandi , his right as sovereign to determine the denomination of his subjects, and enforced the Reformed variant of the Reformation as largely binding for his county. Inspector Georg Fabricius (1554–1634) from Schlüchtern, 1595–1634 pastor in Windecken, in 1619 was one of the signatories of the strictly reformed doctrinal rules of Dordrecht . Windecken became the seat of the Windecken deanery in the reformed regional church of the county . Windecken also had a Jewish community. However, after the Lutheran line of the Counts of Hanau-Lichtenberg also took office in the County of Hanau-Munzenberg in 1642 , Lutheran congregations were formed again in many places. The Lutherans, who had previously attended the service in Büdesheim , formed a congregation again in Windecken in 1670, which in 1672 also received its own pastor. Only with the Hanau Union in 1818 was the antagonism between Lutherans and Reformed in Windecken eliminated.

With the death of the last Hanau count, Johann Reinhard III. , 1736, Windecken fell - together with the entire county of Hanau-Münzenberg - to the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel , from which the Electorate of Hesse emerged in 1803 .

In the area of ​​the local situation four mills are occupied: The Lohmühle, the Mühle auf der Katzenbach and the Hochmühle were all on the Katzenbach , while the Niddermühle was on the north-western outskirts.

Between 1749 and 1891, several hundred bells were cast in the Pflücksburger Hof (today's Glockenstrasse ) and in front of Kilianstädter Tor by the Bach bell-foundry family .

Modern times

Commemorative inscription for Jewish communities in the Valley of the Communities in Yad Vashem , including those in Windecken

During the Napoleonic period, Windecken was under French military administration from 1806, belonged to the Principality of Hanau from 1807 to 1810 and then from 1810 to 1813 to the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt , Department of Hanau . Then it fell back to the Electorate of Hesse. In the administrative reform of the Electorate of Hesse of 1821, under which the Electorate of Hesse was divided into four provinces and 22 districts, Windecken came to the newly formed district of Hanau . In 1866 the electorate - and with it Windecken - was annexed by Prussia after the German-Austrian War . From then on it belonged to the administrative district of Kassel .

The Jewish community of Windecken was destroyed by the terror of the National Socialists .

After the Second World War , Windecken belonged to the newly founded state of Hesse. His district , the district of Hanau, was now subordinate to the administrative district of Wiesbaden . Today Windecken is in the Darmstadt administrative district after the Wiesbaden regional council was dissolved. The town of Nidderau was created on January 1, 1970 through the voluntary amalgamation of the municipality of Windecken with the neighboring town of Heldenbergen in the run-up to the regional reform in Hesse .

Population development

  • 1587: 85 riflemen , 39 philistines and 12 other well-fortified citizens
  • 1632: 165 families and 43 privates
  • 1707: 181 families

Residents

Population development of Windecken from 1754 to 2010
year Residents
1754 874
1821 1,084
1834 1,426
1840 1,535
1846 1,621
1852 1,618
1858 1,569
1864 1,562
1871 1,444
1875 1,447
1885 1,481
1895 1,600
1905 1,657
year Residents
1910 1,724
1925 1,863
1933 2,046
1939 2,033
1946 2,775
1950 2,754
1956 2,748
1961 2,952
1967 3.111
1970 3.116
2000 6,150
2010 6,446

Remarks:

  1. Unless otherwise stated: Hessian State Statistical Office
  2. About 1821 : Thomas Klein: Outline of German administrative history 1815–1845 . Row A: Prussia. Volume 11: Hessen-Nassau including predecessor states. Marburg 1979, p. 109.
  3. About 1933 : The world war was at your door - Nidderau-Windecken . Interest group "The world war was at your door".
  4. About 2000 : Nidderau “scratches” the 20,000 inhabitant mark .
  5. About 2010 : Nidderau “scratches” the 20,000 inhabitant mark .

coat of arms

The blazon of the coat of arms of the former municipality of Windecken reads: Three red rafters in gold

The three red rafters in gold have indicated that Windecken belonged to the domain of the lords and later counts of Hanau since around 1276, the time of Ulrich I.

Culture and sights

Witch tower
The old town hall now serves as a library

Buildings

In the old town and on the historic market numerous picturesque are half-timbered houses preserved, as well the Protestant collegiate church from the 13th century, with a beautiful organ , which with a gable provided Gothic Town Hall from the 15th century, but also some remains of the city wall . The castle was once the residence of the Lords and Counts of Hanau. The so-called witch tower is a reminder of the witch burnings in Windecken. The (formerly reformed) first rectory in Windecken (1717) was awarded second place in the Hessian Monument Protection Prize 2018 after extensive renovation in 2014-2017 .

The rabbi's house still bears witness to the earlier Jewish settlement . The 15th-century Windecken synagogue was destroyed in the November pogrom in 1938 . A few gravestones can still be seen in the Jewish cemetery on the edge of the old town , one of the oldest in the region.

The Wartbaum natural monument is located on Bundesstraße 45 . This is where the historic trade route from Frankfurt am Main to Leipzig , the " Hohe Straße ", crosses a north-south connection. The course offers a view of the Spessart , Vogelsberg and Frankfurt. The Wartbaum was badly damaged by fire in the past, but was saved and is an imposing appearance with its large trunk. Attempts have been made several times to plant a successor in the form of a young linden tree, as the original is now well over 300 years old. These attempts were nullified by vandalism.

Regular events

A Whitsun market takes place every year from Friday to Tuesday over Whitsun , with a junk market in the old town on Whit Sunday and Monday.

The autumn market takes place annually on the weekend after October 10th, every Friday to Monday, and on Sunday there is also a Krammarkt in the old town.

Other festivals are the old town festival of the Windecker clubs, the Christmas market on the 1st of Advent on the illuminated historical market square and the fountain festival in the old town organized by the so-called "fountain cleaners".

The so-called “ Father's Day ” traditionally takes place on Ascension Day , a festival organized by the Windecken singers' association at the foot of the Wartbaum.

traffic

Windecken is - with its own Nidderau-Windecken stop - on the Niddertal Railway from Stockheim to Bad Vilbel .

Bundesstraße 45 ( Wöllstadt - Erbach ) runs west of the city .

The 250 km long cycle path " BahnRadweg Hessen " leads through the village .

Personalities

  • Peter Jung, a former soccer player at Rot-Weiß Erfurt and FV Bad Vilbel , was the coach of the first senior team and chairman of the soccer club SC Eintracht-Sportfreunde Windecken (district league Hanau).
  • Ancestors of Rodolphe Lindt , the inventor of the conche , come from Windecken. One branch of the family owned a bakery in Windecken until the 19th century.
  • Lassa Oppenheim (1858–1919) was a lawyer who is considered to be the co-founder of modern international law.
  • Heinrich Wilhelm Kurz (1862–1934) was an inventor.
  • Willi Salzmann, born in Windecken in 1930, was mayor for many years , first of Windecken and then of the newly established town of Nidderau. At the end of his term of office in May 1991, he was made an honorary citizen and honorary mayor. After his death in 1993, the Schlossberghalle (multi-purpose hall) built during his tenure was renamed Willi-Salzmann-Halle.
  • Elga Sorbas (1945-2018) was an actress.

literature

  • Gerhard Bott : The cities in the Wetterau and in the Kinzig valley. (= Rhein-Mainische Forschungen. 29 ). Kramer, Frankfurt 1950, pp. 45-48.
  • Erhard Bus : The time of devastation - The west of the county of Hanau-Münzenberg after the battle of Nördlingen, 1634–1648. In: The Thirty Years War in Hanau and the surrounding area. Published by the Hanauer Geschichtsverein 1844 eV on the occasion of the 375th return of the city's relief, Hanau 2011, pp. 197–227.
  • Erhard Bus: The Consequences of the Great War - The West of the County of Hanau-Munzenberg after the Peace of Westphalia. In: The Thirty Years War in Hanau and the surrounding area. Published by the Hanauer Geschichtsverein 1844 eV on the occasion of the 375th return of the city's relief, Hanau 2011, pp. 277-320.
  • Erhard Bus: Historically grown differences in the dialect of the Nidderau districts and neighboring towns - an attempt. In: Ronald Bach: Vom Hinkelsche uff's Gickelsche. CoCon, Hanau 2014, ISBN 978-3-86314-275-9 , pp. 68-88.
  • Diez Eichler (ed.): The former Reformed and First Rectory in Windecken: A monument as a testimony to the history of the church and town . Nidderau-Windecken 2018 (self-published), ISBN 978-3-96049-038-8
  • Carl Henß: Festschrift for the 650th anniversary of the city of Windecken in 1938 . Darmstadt 1938.
  • Monica Kingreen: Jewish country life in Windecken, Ostheim, Heldenbergen . CoCon-Verlag, Hanau 1995, ISBN 3-928100-27-0 .
  • Nadine Kohnert: Work and Economy - Economic Development Windecken from the early modern period to today. Half-year thesis in 2006 in the subject of history at the Augustiner-Gymnasium Friedberg. (masch)
  • Magistrat der Stadt Windecken (Ed.): Historical commemorative publication for the 700th anniversary of the town elevation of Windecken . Nidderau 1988.
  • Heinrich Reimer: Historical local dictionary for Kurhessen. In: Publications of the Historical Commission for Hesse. 14, 1926, p. 520.
  • Fred Schwind : At the beginning of the rule and city of Hanau. In: 675 years old town Hanau. Ed .: Hanauer Geschichtsverein 1844 eV Hanau 1978.
  • Ernst Julius Zimmermann : Hanau city and country. Cultural history and chronicle of a Franconian weatherwave city and former county . Reprint of the 3rd extended edition Hanau 1919. LXXXVI, Verlag Peters, Hanau 1978, ISBN 3-87627-243-2 .

Web links

Commons : Windecken (Nidderau)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Heinrich Reimer: Hessisches Urkundenbuch. Section 2, document book on the history of the Lords of Hanau and the former province of Hanau. Volume 1. 767-1300. Publications from the Royal Prussian State Archives, Hirzel, Leipzig 1891 No. 30.
  2. Zimmermann, p. 480.
  3. Zimmermann, p. 481; Alemannia Judaica.
  4. Willem van Irhoven (ed.): Canones Synodi nationalis Dordracenae, ofte Oordeel des Synodi nationalis der Gereformeerde Kercken van de Vereenigde Nederlanden: ghehouden in Dordrecht, inden jare 1618 end 1619 . J. H. Vonk van Lynden, Utrecht 1752, pp. 24, 41, 69 and 96 ( Google Books ).
  5. Max Aschkewitz: Pastor history of the parish Hanau ( "Hanauer Union") to 1986. Part 1 = Publications of the Historical Commission for Hesse Marburg 33. 1984, p 366th
  6. Not everything can be restored. In: FAZ . June 4, 2012, p. 39.
  7. Merger of the community of Heldenbergen in the Friedberg district and the town of Windecken in the Hanau district to form the town of "Nidderau" in the Hanau district on December 17, 1970 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1970 No. 1 , p. 5 , point 9 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 4.0 MB ]).
  8. In the years 1632, 1707 and 1754 the number of inhabitants in the county of Hanau was determined. These figures are reproduced here after Erhard Bus: The consequences of the great war - the west of the County of Hanau-Munzenberg after the Peace of Westphalia. In: Hanauer Geschichtsverein 1844 : The Thirty Years War in Hanau and the surrounding area (= Hanauer Geschichtsblätter. 45). 2011, ISBN 978-3-935395-15-9 , pp. 277-320 (289 ff.); the other numbers according to Heckert, p. 48 u. 57.
  9. Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt (Hrsg.): Historical municipality register for Hesse 1 = The population of the municipalities 1834-1967. Wiesbaden 1968.
  10. ^ "Windecken, Main-Kinzig-Kreis". Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of December 22, 2014). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  11. ^ City of Nidderau: coat of arms
  12. ^ [1] , press release from the State Office for Monument Preservation Hesse
  13. Horst Körzinger: Lindt Group has its roots in Windecken. In: Wetterauer Zeitung . December 23, 2010, accessed April 28, 2017 .