Niederrodenbach
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Niederrodenbach
community Rodenbach
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| Height : | 121 (116-145) m above sea level NHN |
| Residents : | 8750 (Dec. 31, 2014) |
| Incorporation : | March 1, 1970 |
| Postal code : | 63517 |
| Area code : | 06184 |
Niederrodenbach is one of the two districts of the municipality of Rodenbach in the Hessian Main-Kinzig district .
geography
Niederrodenbach is located near Hanau , about 20 km east of Frankfurt am Main on the edge of the Vorspessart at an altitude of about 120 m above sea level . at the pool , also called "Rodenbach".
The state road 3269 runs to the west of the village and the federal highway 66 to the north . The district road 861 runs through the village . The Kinzig Valley Railway is located between the motorway and the village . The train station of the municipality of Rodenbach is located in Niederrodenbach.
history
First mentions
The oldest surviving documentary mention of the place dates back to 1025: A nobleman named Ruogger exchanged his possessions in Somborn , today the municipality of Freigericht , Rodenbach and Seligenstadt, for property in Liudolfesmünster and Seelheim with the Fulda monastery .
Further secure mentions of Rodenbach are only available for the 13th century. A court file from 1222 mentions “Men in Rodinbach” in a dispute over the property of the Mainz monastery in the Hanau Forest. The Rückingen knight Gerhard Ruschebusch challenged the Mainz canon for their goods there, but lost the process.
A Rodenbach chapel is mentioned for the first time in 1241 . A clergyman named Bruno, who was a pastor at the church in Großkrotzenburg , sued Reinhard I. von Hanau for the chapel's patronage right . Bruno demanded this for himself, since the Rodenbach chapel was only a branch of the Großkrotzenburg church. On the other hand, Mr. von Hanau pointed out that his ancestors had already had the right of patronage and that this right therefore lay with him. The court agreed with this line of argument and dismissed Bruno's action.
In 1337 there is a reference to the first Rodenbach church. It is a fragment of a letter of indulgence for a St. Michael's Church . It is not clear whether the Michael Church mentioned in 1337 is the same building that is mentioned in the document from 1241. In the pre-Reformation period, the central church authority for Niederrodenbach was the Archdeaconate of St. Peter and Alexander in Aschaffenburg, Landkapitel Rodgau .
Differentiation between Nieder- and Oberrodenbach
The sources of the 13th and 14th centuries give no indication whether Rodenbach has always consisted of two villages. The oldest attested distinction between Nieder- and Oberrodenbach can be found in a directory of the incomes of the parish church Langendiebach , today: community Erlensee , from 1338. The further development shows that in the 14./15. Century the position of the Mainz Petersstift in Oberrodenbach became stronger and stronger, while Niederrodenbach was clearly in the sphere of influence of the Lords of Hanau and with the formation of the sovereignty in the late Middle Ages in the rule Hanau . Here it belonged to the office of Büchertal . In 1429 the rulership became the county of Hanau , when the country was divided in 1458, the office of Büchertal and Niederrodenbach fell to the county of Hanau-Münzenberg .
Historical forms of names
In documents that have been preserved, Niederrodenbach was mentioned under the following names (the year it was mentioned in brackets):
- Rodunbach (1025)
- Rodinbach (1222)
- Rotenbach (1241)
- Rodenbach inferior (1338)
- Nydir Rodenbach (1344)
The great fire of 1493 and the Jewish community
In 1493 a great fire raged in the village, causing many victims. In addition to numerous residential buildings, the church and its inventory were also destroyed. There were also three Jewish men and seven Jewish women among the victims. This is the oldest evidence of people of the Jewish faith who lived in Niederrodenbach. It is not known whether they also formed a Jewish community at that time. References to Jewish families can be found again and again in sources from the following centuries.
Reformation and School
In 1525 and finally in 1527, farmers from Rodenbach destroyed the Wolfgang Monastery , which was founded in 1468 and is now in ruins. The movement was part of the Peasants' War .
The introduction of the Reformation in Niederrodenbach can be set with the appointment of pastor Michael Weinbrenner in 1527, who worked here until 1565. Weinbrenner joined the Lutheran Reformation - like many other pastors in the County of Hanau . Linked to this was the founding of a village school. For Niederrodenbach there are first indications that this happened around: From this year Niederrodenbach no longer paid “on Martini” the guilders previously paid annually “for the schoolmaster in Hanau ”. The first real village school can be traced back to the turn of the century around 1600, the oldest surviving reference to the village schoolmaster is from 1599.
In a "second Reformation", the denomination of the County of Hanau-Munzenberg was changed again: From 1597 Count Philipp Ludwig II pursued a decidedly reformed church policy. He made use of the Jus reformandi , his right as sovereign to determine the denomination of his subjects, and made this largely binding for the county. Up until this point in time, the Oberrodenbach parish was still a branch of the Niederrodenbach parish and thus also Lutheran. For a short time the parish of Oberrodenbach was changed to the Roman Catholic Somborn, but a little later to the also Roman Catholic Großkrotzenburg parish. This separated the two villages by a denominational boundary . The parish in Niederrodenbach now belonged to the "class" ( deanery ) Büchertal. The highest church authority was the consistory in Hanau.
After the County of Hanau had been ruled by the Lutheran Count Friedrich Casimir from 1642 , a small Lutheran parish was established again from 1686. From 1689 it also had its own church and school room in the former lordly head forester's office in today's Kirchstrasse 4. With the Hanau Union of 1818, this community became part of the larger Reformed community.
Modern times
After the death of the last Hanau count, Johann Reinhard III. , In 1736, Landgrave Friedrich I of Hessen-Kassel inherited the County of Hanau-Münzenberg and with it the offices of Büchertal and Niederrodenbach on the basis of an inheritance contract from 1643. In 1803 the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel was elevated to the status of the Electorate of Hesse . During the Napoleonic period, the office of Büchertal was under French military administration from 1806, from 1807 to 1810 it belonged to the Principality of Hanau and from 1810 to 1813 to the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt , Department of Hanau . Then it fell back to the Electorate of Hesse. After the administrative reform of the Electorate of Hesse in 1821 as part of which the Electorate of Hesse was divided into four provinces and 22 districts, the office of Büchertal was added to the newly formed district of Hanau .
Territorial reform
As part of the regional reform in Hesse , the two previously independent municipalities of Nieder- and Oberrodenbach merged on March 1, 1970 to form the municipality of Rodenbach .
Watermill
In Niederrodenbach there was a water mill in the middle of the village, which got its water from a ditch branching off from the Rodenbach. It was shut down around 1928.
Population development
Occupied population figures are:
- 1632: 60 families
- 1634: 77 households
- 1707: 62 families
- 1754: 103 families = 97 households and 6 Jews, altogether 479 inhabitants
- 1895: 1,124 inhabitants
- 1939: 2,063 inhabitants
- 1961: 3,517 inhabitants
- 1970: 5,238 inhabitants
Townscape
The center of Niederrodenbach consists mainly of half-timbered houses from the 17th and 18th centuries. Is historically significant
- the Evangelical Church (built 1763–1765) with its regular geometric floor plan, a tower with an unusually high bonnet (total tower height approx. 48 m) and two glass windows by Hilde Ferber .
- the local history museum and the community library are right next to the church (Kirchstrasse 9). The building of the local history museum, renovated in 1984, was built in 1717 for the mayor Doll. After that it was the seat of the chief forester's office for 100 years. From 1835 to 1877 it was used by the community as a school building and then as a residential building.
- the circular route through the historic Rodenbach with a total of 19 stations. It begins at the former town hall, a freestanding half-timbered building on a stone foundation built between 1737 and 1738.
coat of arms
Blazon : "In gold, a green crown of leaves with red stones."
The coat of arms of the municipality Niederrodenbach in the then district of Hanau was approved by the Hessian Ministry of the Interior on October 30, 1961 . It was designed by the Bad Nauheim heraldist Heinz Ritt .
The crown comes from a Niederrodenbach court seal from the 18th century, which was probably introduced in 1755 but was already in use as a place symbol before that. The coat of arms was taken over by the new municipality of Rodenbach after the merger with Oberrodenbach.
literature
- Community board of the community Rodenbach (ed.) With the support of the Rodenbacher Geschichtsverein eV: * Festschrift: 975 years Rodenbach. 1025-2000 . Rodenbach 2000.
- Holger Gräf: The population development of Niederrodenbach 1600–1763. A contribution to village demography in the ancien regime. In: Mitteilungen des Rodenbacher Geschichtsverein 7 (1991), p. 3 ff.
- Michael Paap: Chronicle of the communities Ober- and Niederrodenbach 1025-1945 . Rodenbach 1993.
- Heinrich Reimer : Historical local lexicon for Kurhessen (= publications of the historical commission for Hesse and Waldeck 14, ISSN 0342-2291 ). Elwert, Marburg 1926, p. 394 (Unchanged reprint. Ibid 1974, ISBN 3-7708-0509-7 ).
- Heinz Reusswig: Our present began at that time, Niederrodenbach in the post-war period. Ed. V. Rodenbacher Geschichtsverein eV, 2006.
- Rodenbacher Geschichtsverein eV (Ed.): Alt-Rodenbach. Story in pictures. 1984
- Friedrich Wilhelm Schlott: Niederrodenbach as it once was. The story of an old village. 1970.
Web links
- Internet presence of the municipality of Rodenbach
- Niederrodenbach, Main-Kinzig district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
- Literature on Niederrodenbach in the Hessian Bibliography
Individual evidence
- ^ "Rodenbach in numbers" on the website of the municipality of Rodenbach , accessed in April 2016.
- ↑ a b Niederrodenbach, Main-Kinzig district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of July 2, 2015). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
- ↑ Willi Klein: On the history of milling in the Main-Kinzig district = Hanauer Geschichtsblätter 40. Hanau 2003, p. 320 f.
- ↑ In the years 1632, 1707 and 1754 the number of inhabitants in the county of Hanau was determined. The figures are reproduced here after Erhard Bus : The consequences of the great war - the west of the county of Hanau-Munzenberg after the Peace of Westphalia . In: Hanauer Geschichtsverein : The Thirty Years War in Hanau and the surrounding area = Hanauer Geschichtsblätter 45 (2011), ISBN 978-3-935395-15-9 , pp. 277-320 (289 ff.)
- ↑ Approval of a coat of arms and a coat of arms of the community Niederrodenbach, district Hanau, administrative district Wiesbaden dated October 30, 1961 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1961 No. 46 , p. 1346 , point 1230 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 3.3 MB ]).