St. Stephan (Mainz)

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View from Maria-Ward-Strasse
St. Stephan in Mainz. View from Bonifaziusturm A of the large bell tower, which was the highest point in the city for centuries, and the nave.

The Catholic parish church Sankt Stephan in Mainz was founded in 990 by Archbishop Willigis on the highest point of the city. The client was most likely the imperial widow Theophanu . Willigis wanted to create the kingdom's place of prayer with her . This already shows the choice of name: Stephan originally meant Στέφανος “wreath” in ancient Greek ; "Krone" ("the city crown" or "the imperial crown").

A collegiate monastery was originally housed in the church . The provost of the monastery administered one of the archdeaconates (medieval organizational unit, similar to today's deaneries) of the Archdiocese of Mainz .

construction

Gothic cloister of St. Stephen. Restored after severe war damage from 1968–71

The current building dates from a later time. Archbishop Bardo had the church, initially made of wood, made of stone on April 13, 1043. A follow-up building began around 1267 and was completed around 1340. This retained the specifications of the floor plan of the Willigis building and thus the design as a double choir . St. Stephan is the oldest Gothic hall church on the Middle Rhine and the most important church in the city of Mainz after the Mainz Cathedral .

From 1462 to 1499 the cloister was added to the south side. To the east of the parish church is Willigisplatz .

In the baroque period , the interiors of St. Stephan were designed accordingly. In 1857, however, a nearby powder tower exploded (Mainz was a federal fortress in the 19th century ), whereby the baroque furnishings of the church were lost. From October 1813 to January 1814 the large bell tower also served as a signaling station for the optical telegraph line to Metz . Johann Peter Merz served as pastor here from 1816 until his death in 1874 .

St. Stephan was badly damaged during the air raids on Mainz in World War II. The bells were also destroyed in the great air raid on Mainz on February 27, 1945. The large west tower then had to be restored in a complicated process. However, the vaults of the nave and choir, which have now been replaced by a flat wooden ceiling, have not been restored. A restoration of the vault would still be possible.

In its current form, St. Stephan is a three-aisled Gothic hall church with choirs in the east and west and a large octagonal bell tower above the west choir.

Furnishing

The church founder Willigis was buried in the church he founded in 1011. The exact grave site can no longer be determined due to the renovation.

After the powder tower explosion and the war damage, the altar barn from the 13th century and the large tabernacle (around 1500) have been preserved.

Chagall window

Monsignor Mayer explains Marc Chagall's design drawing for the nave windows (2015)

The windows of St. Stephen's Church, which were designed from 1978 by Marc Chagall , who wanted them to be seen as a contribution to the Jewish-German reconciliation, are unique in Germany . The then pastor of St. Stephan, Monsignor Klaus Mayer , won Chagall as an artist. By his death in 1985, Chagall created a total of nine windows for the front part of the church, depicting biblical figures and events in front of a background in various bright shades of blue. One of the most famous scenes is the temptation of Adam and Eve in paradise. Chagall designed the windows and did the black plumb painting by hand. These windows of St. Stephen are the last stained glass windows that Chagall created in his life. After his death, work on the remaining windows in St. Stephen was continued by Charles Marq, who had worked with Marc Chagall for 28 years as senior manager of the Jacques Simon glass studio in Reims.

In 2014, the drafts were auctioned at Sotheby’s New York auction house . Three templates for the nave windows in different shades of blue were subsequently acquired by a private entrepreneurial foundation for St. Stephan; they were on display in 2017 in St. Stephen's Church. Accurate reproductions of the sketches are now on display, the originals are in the Cathedral Museum.

With the Inception 2 November 2018 which gave German Post AG in the series Christmas out a postage stamp with a nominal value of 70 euro cents. The stamp shows the stained glass window Maria with the child . The design comes from the graphic artist Detlef Behr from Cologne.

Bells

Two bells from 1544 and 1545 came from Konrad Gobel's workshop. All five church bells that melted in the fire in the bell tower were lost during the great air raid . For a long time, the Beatrix bell from the destroyed St. Emmeran's Church in Mainz served as a bell replacement . The bell, cast in 1493, is the third oldest bell in the city of Mainz. It bears the inscription:

+ Anno + domini + m + cccc + xciii + jar + sant + beadrix + bell + heis + me + peter + zur + bells + zu + spier + gos + me +

St. Stephan received three new bells in 2008 through a donation from the Mainz technology group Schott . On February 27, 2009, the day of commemoration of the bombing of Mainz in World War II , all the bells rang together for the first time.

No. Surname Casting year Foundry, casting location Diameter
(in mm)		 Weight
(in kg)		 Nominal
(16th note)
1 Stephen 2008 A. Bachert, Karlsruhe 1450 1900 d 1
2 Willigis 2008 A. Bachert, Karlsruhe 1280 1400 e 1
3 Beatrix 1493 Peter zur Glocken, Speyer 1180 1100 f sharp 1 -4
4th Mary Magdalene 2008 A. Bachert, Karlsruhe 1080 800 g 1

organ

The new organ in St. Stephan by the Klais company from Bonn.

Until March 1, 2013, the church had only a very small pipe organ with eleven stops in the north transept. It was not until around 65 years after the end of the war that the desire for an appropriate instrument was put into practice. Today's organ in St. Stephan was built by the Klais organ building company. The three-manual instrument has 46 registers , including three transmissions, 3006 pipes and an electronic composer system with sequencers. The key actions and couplings are mechanical, the stop actions are electrical. The organ consecration took place on March 1st, 2013 by Cardinal Karl Lehmann , Bishop of Mainz.

I main work C – a 3
1. Praestant 16 ′
2. Principal 8th'
3. Concert flute 8th'
4th Reed flute 8th'
5. Viola di gamba 8th'
6th Octave 4 ′
7th recorder 2 ′
8th. Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
9. Super octave 2 ′
10. Comet V (from f sharp 0 ) 8th'
11. Mixture IV 2 ′
12. Trumpet 8th'
13. Trumpet 16 ′
II Positive C – a 3
14th Principal 8th'
15th Dulciana 8th'
16. Dumped 8th'
17th Principal 4 ′
18th viola 4 ′
19th Duplicate 2 ′
20th Larigot 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
21st Mixture III 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
22nd Cromorne 8th'
Tremulant
III Swell C – a 3
23. Lovely Gedackt 16 ′
24. Flute harmonique 8th'
25th Drone 8th'
26th Viol 8th'
27. Vox coelestis ( from c 0 ) 8th'
28. Fugara 4 ′
29 Transverse flute 4 ′
30th Fifth flute 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
31. Flautino 2 ′
32. Third flute 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
33. Progressio II-V 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
34. Basson 16 ′
35. Trumpets 8th'
36. Hautbois 8th'
37. Clairon 4 ′
Tremulant
Pedal C – f 1
38. Willigis-Bass (C – H 10 2 ⁄ 3  ´ + No. 40, from c from No. 40) 32 ′
39. Base (C – H 10 2 ⁄ 3  ´ + No. 42, from c from No. 42) 32 ′
40. Principal 16 ′
41. Violon ( from 1. ) 16 ′
42. Sub bass 16 ′
43. Octavbass 8th'
44. Dacked bass 8th'
45. Tenor octave 4 ′
46. trombone 16 ′
47. Trumpet 8th'
  • Coupling : II / I, III / l, III / II, I / P, II / P, III / P, III 4 '/ P
  • Note on the 32 'registers: A set of twelve pipes 10 2/3' operate both register 38 and register 39 to produce a 32 'differential tone.
  • Height: 14.7 m, weight: 17 t.

Most likely

A relic attributed to St. Anne was kept in the church from 1212 until a renovation in 1500 . The so-called Annahaupt is a palm-sized piece of a human brain shell, embedded in a silver bust reliquary from the 14th century. Today it is in Düren .

Images of the cloister

  • Cloister stefan mainz1.JPG
  • Krezgangstefanmainz3.JPG
  • Kreuzgangstefanmainz4.JPG
  • Kreuzgangstefanmainz5.JPG

literature

  • Jürgen Breier (Ed.): The new bells for St. Stephan, Bocom - Verlag Bonewitz. Mainz 2009, ISBN 978-3-9811590-7-3 .
  • Rolf Dörrlamm, Susanne Feick, Hartmut Fischer, Hans Kersting: Mainz contemporary witnesses made of stone. Architectural styles tell 1000 years of history. Verlag Hermann Schmidt, Mainz 2001, ISBN 3-87439-525-1 .
  • Alois Gerlich : The St. Stephan monastery in Mainz. Contributions to the constitutional, economic and territorial history of the Archdiocese of Mainz (= yearbook for the Diocese of Mainz. Volume 4). Matthias Grünewald Verlag, Mainz 1954 (at the same time: Mainz, University, dissertation, 1948).
  • Josef Heinzelmann: Traces of the early history of St. Stephan in Mainz. A contribution to a discussion that has not yet been held . In: Archive for Middle Rhine Church History . tape 56 , 2004, p. 89-100 .
  • Regina Heyder , Barbara non-white (ed.): Willigis von Mainz - environment, effect, interpretation. Contributions to the Willigis anniversary in St. Stephan. Würzburg 2014, ISBN 978-3-429-03795-6 .
  • Regina Heyder : The council in the community. St. Stephan in Mainz from the reopening (1959) to the beginning of the Würzburg Synod (1971) . In: Stefan Schmitz (ed.): St. Stephan in Mainz - crown of the city. A changing church . Bodenheim 2013, pp. 50–67 and 186–188.
  • Helmut Hinkel (ed.): 1000 years of St. Stephan in Mainz. Festschrift. Sources and treatises of the Middle Rhine Church History, Volume 63. Parish of Sankt Stephan and Society for Middle Rhine Church History, Mainz 1990, 566 p. ( Digitized version ).
  • Helmut Mathy : A thousand years of St. Stephan in Mainz. A chapter of German imperial and church history. With an appendix about the last visitation of the pen in 1780/1781 . Aurea Moguntia (Volume 4). von Zabern, Mainz 1990, ISBN 3-8053-1189-3 .
  • Klaus Mayer , Marc Chagall : The Chagall window to St. Stephan in Mainz. Real, Würzburg.
    • Volume 1: The God of the Fathers. The central window . 10th edition 1993, ISBN 3-429-00573-6 .
    • Volume 2: I put my bow in the clouds. The flanking central window . 9th edition 1994, ISBN 3-429-00616-3 .
    • Volume 3: Lord, my God, how tall are you !. The side windows . 6th edition 1994, ISBN 3-429-00739-9 .
    • Volume 4: The heavens, the heavens cannot get hold of you. The transept windows. Letter to my friend . 3rd edition 1995, ISBN 3-429-01001-2 .
  • Klaus Mayer: St. Stephan in Mainz. Small art guide No. 523. 15th, extended edition. Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-7954-4311-5 .
  • Anna Neovesky: St. Stephan virtual - an internet-supported panoramic tour through the St. Stephen's Church in Mainz - development and implementation of a project in the field of digital humanities . In: Script. . 2, 2012, No. 2. urn : nbn: de: 0289-2012110220
  • Stefan Schmitz (Hrsg.): St. Stephan in Mainz - Crown of the city: a community in transition. Bodenheim 2013, ISBN 978-3-9813999-4-3 .

Documentary film

  • The Chagall window in Mainz . TV documentary by Marcel Schilling from the series Treasures of the country . Germany 2007, SWR television , 30 minutes

Web links

Commons : St Stephan, Mainz  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Hans Baumann: Dates of the city history of Mainz. In: City of Mainz (ed.): Quarterly books for culture, politics, economy, history. II Verlag Hermann Schmidt, Mainz 1993.
  2. ^ Christiane Reves: Building blocks for the history of the city of Mainz: Mainz Colloquium 2000 . Franz Steiner Verlag, Volume 55 2002, ISBN 3-515-08176-3 , pp. 142 .
  3. ^ Property from a private european collection - Marc Chagall
  4. ↑ Chagall sketch for Stephanskirchen window in Mainz auctioned ( memento of the original from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. monopol magazine and dpa from May 9, 2014 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.monopol-magazin.de
  5. ↑ Three real Chagall, new in St. Stephan - The foundation “St. Stephan in Mainz ”acquires Chagall designs on March 6, 2015
  6. ↑ Window St. Stephan: Chagall sketches at home in Mainz - They are unique in Germany: The Chagall windows in St. Stephan in Mainz. Now three of the artist's designs are “at home” in Mainz and can be seen by everyone. swr.de from March 11, 2015.
  7. ↑ Explanatory text next to the exhibited sketches. Viewed September 18, 2018.
  8. ↑ a b Motette (ed.): Bell landscape diocese Mainz. Motette-Verlag, Düsseldorf 2005, p. 18.
  9. ↑ a b Episcopal press office of the Diocese of Mainz: Cardinal Lehmann consecrated three new bells in Mainz-St. Stephan.
  10. ↑ a b c bistummainz.de
  11. ↑ Project description on the website of the organ building association.
  12. ↑ "This is a thankful day" - Karl Cardinal Lehmann inaugurates new organ in St. Stephan bistummainz.de on March 2nd, 2013.
  13. ↑ a b c The Queen's Portal. Musik-Medienhaus.de, accessed on May 18, 2020 .
  14. ↑ a b c The new Klais organ (2013) in St. Stephan Mainz - The forum of the "Queen of Instruments". Retrieved May 18, 2020 .
  15. ↑ Angelika Dörfler-Dierken: The adoration of St. Anna in the late Middle Ages and early modern times Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1992, ISBN 3-525-55158-4 .
  16. ↑ Programmer and historian Anna Neovesky gives an insight into and overview of the St. Stephan virtual web project . The development of the virtual tour and the symbiosis of web design, application programming and 'traditional' history are discussed.

Coordinates: 49 ° 59 ′ 44 ″  N , 8 ° 16 ′ 7 ″  E