Hohenzollern country

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Prussian Province of
Hohenzollernsche Land
flag coat of arms
Flag of Prussia, Province of Hohenzollern Province coat of arms
Situation in Prussia
Map of Germany with a marked province
Consist 1850-1947
Provincial capital Sigmaringen
surface 1,142 km²
Residents 73,706 (1939)
Population density 65 inhabitants / km² (1939)
administration Senior offices
License Plate IL
Arose from Hohenzollern-Hechingen , Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
Incorporated into Württemberg-Hohenzollern
Today part of Baden-Württemberg
map
Map of the Hohenzollern Lands 1930

Hohenzollernsche Lande ( Hohenzollern for short , officially Hohenzollern Lands since November 19, 1928 ) referred to the Prussian administrative district of Sigmaringen . It existed with numerous exclaves from 1850 until the dissolution of the Free State of Prussia after the Second World War . Almost all the rights of a Prussian province - including representation in the Prussian State Council  - had been transferred to the district; the district president was treated like an upper president. However, numerous administrative matters were incumbent on the Rhine Province .

In 1947 the Hohenzollern Lands went up as a result of the Allied occupation in the state of Württemberg-Hohenzollern . This was united in 1952 with the states of Württemberg-Baden and (southern) Baden to form the state of Baden-Württemberg . Thus, the territory of the Hohenzollern Lands together with the historical states of Baden and Württemberg form the territory of Baden-Württemberg. Since the district reform of Baden-Württemberg in 1973 , the formerly Hohenzollern territory has been divided between several districts and three of the four administrative districts of Baden-Württemberg.

history

The "Administrative Region Sigmaringen" was formed in 1850 when the two former principalities of Hohenzollern-Hechingen and Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen fell to Prussia. The two princes had previously abdicated in the course of the revolution of 1848/49 in Germany and their countries on December 7, 1849. Both ruling houses had inheritance contracts with Prussia since 1695 and 1707 respectively.

The Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm IV initially hesitated to take over the two principalities. His historian Rudolf von Stillfried-Rattonitz then made it clear that in the event of rejection, the Swabian princes "inevitably had to throw themselves into the arms of the 400-year-old Württemberg ... hereditary enemies", a disgrace that the king could not tolerate. In May 1849, the King approved a treaty on the Anschluss, which was signed on December 7, 1849. The possession by the Prussian state took place on April 6, 1850 in Sigmaringen and on April 8 in Hechingen. Thereafter, the two principalities were combined to form an administrative district with the administrative seat in Sigmaringen .

During the German War , from June 27 to August 6, 1866, it was occupied on behalf of the German Confederation by Württemberg troops .

With the formation of provincial associations , the Hohenzoller Lands also got self-administration, the state communal association of the Hohenzoller Lands , for which a communal parliament was elected. Both existed until 1973, when the Hechingen and Sigmaringen districts in Hohenzollern were dissolved in their previous form . The court of appeal was initially the court in Arnsberg until 1879 . Thereafter the higher regional court in Frankfurt am Main was responsible. The higher education system and the medical system were subordinate to the High Presidium of the Rhine Province.

The administration of the Sigmaringen administrative district, which performed the tasks of the state government, was initially divided into the seven Hohenzollern regional offices of Gammertingen , Haigerloch , Hechingen , Ostrach , Sigmaringen , Trochtelfingen and Wald . In 1925 the upper office districts of Gammertingen, Haigerloch, Hechingen and Sigmaringen, which still existed at that time, were merged into the two new higher offices of Hechingen and Sigmaringen . At the time of National Socialism , the area belonged to the NSDAP- Gau Württemberg-Hohenzollern under Gauleiter and Reichsstatthalter in Württemberg Wilhelm Murr , who was also assigned more and more state tasks ( Reich Defense Commissioner in Wehrkreis  V 1939; Leader of the Volkssturm 1944), but remained formally a Prussian government district. A Reichsgau Württemberg-Hohenzollern no longer came about.

After the Second World War, the area became part of the French occupation zone . In 1946 the military government united it with the southern part of the former state of Württemberg to form the state of Württemberg-Hohenzollern with Tübingen as the capital. The districts of Hechingen and Sigmaringen were preserved, even when Württemberg-Hohenzollern was absorbed into Baden-Württemberg in 1952.

During the district reform of Baden-Württemberg in 1973 , however, the boundaries of Hohenzollern were blurred. The area is now divided into eight districts in three administrative districts , all of which also include non-Hohenzollern areas. The majority is in the district of Sigmaringen and in the Zollernalb district , whose borders partly (especially in the north) still coincide with those of Hohenzollern. Smaller shares are in the east in the districts of Reutlingen , Biberach and Ravensburg , which, like the district of Sigmaringen and the Zollernalb district, belong to the administrative district of Tübingen , and in the adjacent districts of Rottweil , Tuttlingen and Konstanz ( administrative district of Freiburg ) and Freudenstadt ( administrative district of Karlsruhe ) to the west .

politics

Hereditary homage to King Friedrich Wilhelm IV on the Hohenzollern on August 23, 1851
Emblem of the Hohenzollern Lands, as it was set up on the borders in the Free State of Prussia

District President

(with the powers of an upper president )

Municipal Parliament

1925: Center 68.4% - 17 seats | Citizens 'party / farmers' union 16.7% - 4 seats | DDP 9.3% - 3 seats
1929: Center 61.3% - 15 seats | Hohenzollern Farmers' Union 15.4% - 4 seats | FWV 10.7% - 3 seats | SPD 8.3% - 2 seats
1933: Center 50.2% - 12 seats | NSDAP 38.1% - 9 seats | DNVP 6.0% - 2 seats
100% missing seats = nominations not represented in the provincial assembly.

Population development

In 1852 the population of the Hohenzollernsche Land was 65,634. By 1905 it had only increased by four percent to 68,282. In 1939 the population had risen to 73,706.

year Residents
1852 65,634
1880 67,624
1890 66,085
1900 66,780
1905 68,282
1910 71,011
1925 71,840
1933 72.991
1939 73,706

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Hohenzollernsche Lande  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Statistical Yearbook for the German Reich 1939/40 (digitized version).
  2. ^ Horst Romeyk: Administrative and administrative history of the Rhine Province 1914-1945. Droste Verlag , Düsseldorf 1985, p. 23 ff.
  3. ↑ Eberhard Gönner: The revolution of 1848/49 in the Hohenzollern principalities and their connection to Prussia . Hechingen 1952, page 181; quoted from: Otto H. Becker: Continuation of a tradition… . Page 193
  4. ^ Christoph von Lindeiner-Wildau: Hohenzollern Castle as a Prussian-German garrison and fortified place. In: Zeitschrift für Hohenzollerische Geschichte 3 (90), 1967, pp. 81–82 ( digitized version of the Freiburg University Library ).
  5. ↑ Because of his "assignments in the Reich Protectorate and in the occupied Netherlands", Piesbergen probably did not take up the office of regional president. See Michael Ruck: Corpsgeist and State Consciousness - Officials in the German Southwest 1928 to 1972 . O. O. 1995, p. 116 ( online version ).
  6. ↑ hgisg.geoinform.fh-mainz.de FH Mainz
  7. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. p_hohenzollern.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).