Wilhelm Dreher

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Wilhelm Dreher

Wilhelm Dreher (born January 10, 1892 in Ay an der Iller ; † November 19, 1969 in Senden ) was a National Socialist politician who was particularly active in southwest Germany .

Life

The son of an office assistant attended elementary school in Stuttgart , where he completed an apprenticeship as a tool fitter between 1906 and 1909. During his wanderings , Dreher worked in Switzerland, among other places.

In 1910 Dreher joined the Imperial Navy , where he spent two and a half years in the East Asia Squadron and then went to the torpedo school . During the First World War , Dreher worked almost continuously on front boats. In 1918 he took part in the Kiel sailors' uprising. In the same year he was retired from the Navy and joined the SPD . In 1919 he married; the marriage resulted in a child.

From 1919 to 1924 Dreher was Lokheizer in railway operations workshop Ulm , Works Council and Chairman of the free trade union German Railway Association, local branch of Ulm . Dreher's participation in a demonstration against the rise in prices in June 1920, during which the Ulm City Hall and the Oberamt were stormed, resulted in charges of ring leadership . Dreher was put out of pursuit. In 1923 he resigned from the SPD; in October of that year he became a member of the NSDAP . As a result of staff cuts, he lost his post at the Reichsbahn in 1924 and was then a tool fitter and master fitter in Stuttgart until 1927. Later he worked for the Eberhardt Brothers plow factory in Ulm.

On August 25, 1925, Dreher rejoined the NSDAP ( membership number 12.905), which had been banned in the meantime . He was the new founder of the NSDAP local group in Ulm and its local group leader. In 1927 and 1928 he worked temporarily in the same function in Stuttgart, where he was supposed to reorganize the highly divided NSDAP local group. He also acted as an imperial speaker .

In 1928 he entered the Reichstag on the proposal for a Reich election and was able to defend his mandate in 1930 (constituency 31 - Württemberg) and in the upcoming elections. In 1930 he joined the SS as an SA Standartenführer (membership number 11,715). In 1931 he became a councilor in Ulm and chairman of the seven-member NSDAP parliamentary group.

In 1932 he was appointed district inspector for special use in the area of ​​responsibility of the Württemberg-Hohenzollern district administration. In the same year he appeared as a witness before the committee of the Reichstag for the protection of the rights of the people's representation ("Monitoring Committee") of September 27, 1932, to testify to the proceedings around the motion of no confidence in the government of Franz von Papen and its dissolution of the Reichstag. Also in 1932, Dreher was charged with an offense against the Republic Protection Act on the occasion of an insulting speech at a public meeting of the local NSDAP group in Freiburg.

After the " seizure of power ", Dreher became State Commissioner for Ulm and Upper Swabia on March 10, 1933, and then Police Director in Ulm on July 1 (initially provisional, from 1935 onwards), where he ousted the previous incumbent Emil Schmid (1873-1938). In his capacity as police director, he also headed the field service of the Württemberg Political Police in Ulm. After the formal transfer of the Württemberg Political Police to the Reich-wide Secret State Police , he continued to exert influence over the Ulm Gestapo office due to a special regulation tailored to him. He kept his mandate in the Reichstag, which had meanwhile been awarded the golden party badge , in the now National Socialist Reichstag .

In the SS in 1936 he was promoted to brigade leader . From December 1938 he was an honorary judge at the People's Court for five years . Because of his imperious style of government in Ulm, which often led to personal conflicts and disputes over competence with the mayor Friedrich Foerster and the NSDAP district leadership under Eugen Maier , he was deposed as police director in 1942 and took over the office of regional president in Sigmaringen ( Hohenzollerische Lande ) until the end of the war. .

After the end of the war, Dreher was interned until 1946 . Dreher's appointment as an honorary citizen of Ulm in May 1933 was declared invalid in June 1945. In September 1946 he was acquitted in one of the Rastatt war crimes trials . Dreher was accused of having "publicly congratulated two camp guards who shot civilian prisoners from Poland and Hungary for their 'exemplary behavior'". The acquittal was based on exonerating statements from numerous Catholic clergymen. In December 1949 he returned to Ulm, where he was again employed in the wages office of the Eberhardt plow factory. The company showed its appreciation to Dreher because he had campaigned for an imprisoned partner in 1944.

In 1951, his pension entitlements were withdrawn as a " victim " on the basis of a ruling chamber decision of February 22nd . Dreher's letters to the editor led to outraged reactions in Ulm: in 1956 Dreher claimed that he had "probably led the police properly and cleanly". In the course of a debate about a memorial plaque for the Ulm synagogue , he denied the destruction of the synagogue in 1958 and denied the mistreatment of Jews during the November pogroms in 1938 .

The historian and political scientist Frank Raberg counts Dreher among the "most radical and at the same time most primitive National Socialists in leading positions". His participation in the November Revolution was determined less by the desire “to be able to participate in the reshaping of the political system” and more by the opportunity “to fully live out his bullying”, according to Raberg.

literature

  • Amelie Fried : Pallas shoe store. How my family resisted the Nazis . Hanser, Munich 2008; extended: dtv, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-423-62464-0 .
  • Joachim Lilla , Martin Döring, Andreas Schulz: extras in uniform: the members of the Reichstag 1933–1945. A biographical manual. Including the Volkish and National Socialist members of the Reichstag from May 1924 . Droste, Düsseldorf 2004, ISBN 3-7700-5254-4 , p. 110 f .
  • Frank Raberg: Dreher, Wilhelm. In: Bernd Ottnad, Fred Ludwig Sepaintner (Hrsg.): Baden-Württembergische Biographien. Volume 3, Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-17-017332-4 , pp. 44-47.
  • Frank Raberg : Biographical Lexicon for Ulm and Neu-Ulm 1802-2009 . Süddeutsche Verlagsgesellschaft im Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Ostfildern 2010, ISBN 978-3-7995-8040-3 , p. 70-72 .
  • Sabine Schmidt: Wilhelm Dreher. Police director from 1933–1942. In: Hans Eugen Specker (Ed.): Ulm in the Second World War , Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-17-009254-5 , pp. 470–473 (= research on the history of the city. Documentation series, Volume 6).
  • Wolfgang Proske (Ed.): Perpetrators - helpers - free riders. Nazi victims from the Ulm / Neu-Ulm area (=  perpetrators - helpers - free riders . Volume 2 ). 1st edition. Klemm + Oelschläger, Münster / Ulm 2013, ISBN 978-3-86281-062-8 , p. 60 ff .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Personnel files (Bü 4555) in inventory K 410 I (Reichs- / Bundesbahndirektion Stuttgart: personnel files of the railway officials) in the State Archives in Ludwigsburg .
  2. ↑ Raberg, Dreher , pp. 45, 47.
  3. ↑ a b c Michael Ruck : Corpsgeist and State Consciousness: Officials in the German Southwest 1928. Oldenbourg, Munich 1996, p. 114f. ISBN 3-486-56197-9 . There are also further references
  4. ^ State Archives Ludwigsburg, PL 501 II Bü 71.
  5. ↑ Federal Archives
  6. ↑ Freiburg State Archives A 40/1 No. 306.
  7. ^ Ingrid Bauz, Sigrid Brüggemann, Roland Maier (eds.): Die Geheime Staatspolizei in Württemberg and Hohenzollern, Stuttgart 2013, ISBN 3-89657-145-1 , pp. 88f.
  8. ↑ Schmidt, Dreher , p. 471.
  9. ↑ Schwäbische Donau-Zeitung of September 7, 1946; quoted in Schmidt, Dreher , p. 472.
  10. ↑ Raberg, Dreher , p. 47.
  11. ↑ Schmidt, Dreher , p. 472.
  12. ↑ StA Ulm, B 161/41 No. 20
  13. ↑ Schmidt, Dreher , p. 472 f.
  14. ↑ Raberg, Dreher , p. 45 f.
personal data
SURNAME Dreher, Wilhelm
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German politician (NSDAP), MdR
DATE OF BIRTH January 10, 1892
PLACE OF BIRTH Ay adIller , Neu-Ulm district
DATE OF DEATH 19th November 1969
Place of death Send