Torpedo station

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The white building of the Tirpitz barracks, the former main building of the torpedo station, from the Flensburg Fjord .

The torpedo station was the nucleus of the Flensburg-Mürwik base of the German Navy. The torpedo school of the Imperial Navy was an essential part of it . The preserved buildings of the torpedo station, meanwhile cultural monuments , are on the edge of today's Sonwik .

history

The torpedo school ship Blücher and torpedo boats in swell, chromo-lithography by Willy Stöwer 1894

In 1877, Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz received the order from Kaiser Wilhelm I to develop the torpedo boat weapon for the German Empire . When the Kiel Fjord proved to be too small as a training area, as the firing of torpedoes was often hindered by crossing boats and ships, Tirpitz gradually relocated more and more military to Flensburg . Even before the torpedo station was built, the Flensburg Fjord served as a training area for the imperial military. In 1890 a combined maneuver by the German Army and the Navy took place in the Sonderburg area . Almost the entire maneuvering and training fleet of the Imperial Navy was at Holnis . At the turn of the century, the corvette Blücher , used as a torpedo training ship, used the fjord for torpedo shooting exercises. In 1900 the commander of the Blücher wanted to build new residential quarters, classrooms, classrooms, a kitchen and a dining room for torpedo training in the Mürwik area . Tirpitz finally had Mürwik expanded for the torpedo units. In the years 1901/1902 two barracks buildings, later called "Tirpitz" barracks and "Maaß" barracks, were erected on the Fördehang for the so-called torpedo station, which served as a torpedo school. The naval station was opened on October 21, 1902. Shortly afterwards, on October 31, 1902, the Blücher was permanently transferred to the torpedo school. Little by little, other buildings were built that were needed as accommodation, training and supply buildings. A newly built quay provided space for a number of ships. For the still young training in spark telegraphy , several radio stations were set up.

Until 1906 the Blücher served the school as a torpedo school ship. It was then converted into a residential hulk. On November 6, 1907, there was a boiler explosion on the Blücher , in which 16 people died. The Blücher was then finally decommissioned. As a replacement for the Blücher , the old ship of the line Württemberg was assigned to the torpedo station as a training ship on October 14, 1906 . The emperors (since 1908) as well as the King Wilhelm , the Charlotte (each since 1909) also served as a living hulk .

In 1909, the ship's boys division was relocated from Kiel to the newly constructed building of the torpedo station for the training of junior NCOs . The Mürwik Naval School was opened in the immediate vicinity of the torpedo station in 1910 . In the same year, the communities of Fruerlund and Twedter Holz , on whose territory the torpedo station and the Marienschule were located, were incorporated into Flensburg. During the First World War , school operations continued, the cruiser SMS Freya with the escort ship SMS Grille was moved to the torpedo station as a training ship. From 1917 to 1919 the so-called building 4, also teaching building II, by the architect Wilhelm Penners was built at the torpedo station on the Fördeufer. This brick building, begun at the end of the imperial era, subsequently became the benchmark for the naval port that was built soon thereafter .

In 1920 the premises of the torpedo school were used to set up a naval news school; the news school was also created at today's Sonwik. From 1925 to September 1934, both schools were merged under the name Torpedo and News School. In October 1934 the schools were separated again. Apparently in the 1930s several bunkers were built in a row in the slope south of the Maass barracks. As a drawing preserved in one of the bunkers shows, they were probably used for the assembly and storage of torpedoes. Today these torpedo halls serve as garages for the residential buildings built on them. Also in the 1930s, numerous new, red brick buildings were built at the torpedo station, and whole parts of the old torpedo station disappeared. This created the still existing naval port, which was converted into Marina Sonwik towards the end of the 20th century.

During the Second World War the capacities of the torpedo school in Flensburg-Mürwik were no longer sufficient. Another torpedo school was set up in Kolberg in October 1941, but it was still under Flensburg-Mürwik. In 1944 further parts were relocated to Regenwalde . The three torpedo schools were soon subordinated to a newly established office called "Higher Commander of the Torpedo Schools" (HKT) in Flensburg-Mürwik. The school association in Travemünde was also subject to this command . The command was also responsible for the torpedo training centers in Gotenhafen (torpedo training center east), in Paris (torpedo training center west) and in Drontheim (torpedo training center north). With the end of the war, the torpedo school was finally closed. In the last days of the Second World War, the preserved buildings of the torpedo station belonged to the Mürwik special area . After the war, refugees were housed in the Tirpitz barracks . The adjacent naval port was used by the British occupying forces and industrial companies.

Commanders from 1939 to 1944

Current condition

Only a few buildings have survived from the torpedo station, which used to be one of Mürwik's popular postcard motifs. The two barracks buildings, Tirpitz barracks and Maaß barracks, which served as accommodation buildings, are still standing today. The first building was named after Alfred von Tirpitz, the second after Rear Admiral Leberecht Maaß . The Tirpitz barracks is used today as a naval medical center . In particular the Tirpitz barracks, which originally had a hunting lodge- like shape, lost its splendor over time. The original distinctive tower of the building was only preserved as a small turret. Today the facade is completely plastered. The Sønderborg barracks , which also have similarities to the Mürwik naval school, show a certain similarity with the original shape . On the tower of the Sønderborg barracks there is still a Viking ship as a wind direction indicator , similar to what was apparently the case with the Tirpitz barracks. The Maaß barracks, which had apparently last served as a medical facility, was converted into a modern residential building with 15 apartments in the first 2000s.

The parade hall built around 1910 , which had been planned since 1907 together with a parade ground, was also preserved. The hall, which was later renamed the Morse Hall, is now located in the middle of the building complex of the news school, after the parade ground was built over later and subsequent structural densification, so that it is still available for military use. Between 2015 and 2018, it is to be converted into the site's military kitchen. The radio and telegraph house from 1902 is located near the parking lot on Swinemünder Straße . The street leading to the Tirpitz barracks has been called "Torpedostraße" since 1914. The gate guard of the torpedo station was not preserved. The neighboring gate guard of the Mürwik naval school , which has a slight resemblance to the no longer existing gate guard, was preserved.

  • The two white buildings of the Tirpitz and Maaß barracks in the second row from the waterfront.

  • The Tirpitz barracks, today a naval hospital.

  • The Maaß barracks, today a residential building.

  • The former parade hall, later Morse hall, today used by the school for strategic reconnaissance of the German armed forces .

  • Radio and telegraph house of the torpedo station, now a private house.

various

  • From 1895 to 1905, the residents of the fjord were asked, after the Blücher had practiced shooting , to hand in any bronze torpedoes they had found in exchange for a reward.
  • The main road connection from downtown Flensburg to Mürwik was still of such poor quality around 1910 that the navy used a traffic boat from the torpedo station - the so-called " gray donkey " - and the steamer Wiking from the naval school for passenger transport.
  • In 1917 filming for the propaganda film Hein Petersen, From Cabin Boy to Sailor took place there.
  • The so-called "Antrax memorial stone" is located on the east side of the Sonwik captain's house . It commemorates the sinking of the steamer Antrax and its crew in 1922 off Kronsgaard . The salvage steamer belonging to the torpedo school was mainly used to salvage exercise torpedoes and for trips between Mürwik and Kiel. During such a trip to Kiel, the steamer and twelve marines had an accident.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Gerret Liebing Schlaber: Fra opland til bydele . Studieafdelingen ved Dansk Centralbibliotek for Sydslesvig, Flensborg / Flensburg 2009, ISBN 978-87-89178-73-8 , p. 142 .
  2. ↑ Lutz Wilde : Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany, cultural monuments in Schleswig-Holstein, Volume 2, Flensburg, page 542 ff. And 550 ff. And p. 629 (subject index)
  3. ^ A b Sonwik, Flensburg, Opus 61. Stuttgart / London 2007, p. 6
  4. ↑ a b c d Flensburger Tageblatt : aerial photo series Part II: Mürwik Naval School: The boom in the "muddy bay" , from: July 17, 2012; Retrieved on: April 14, 2015
  5. ↑ 100 Years of the Naval School: History of the School , from: August 11, 2014; Retrieved on: July 10, 2016
  6. ^ A b c d e Writings of the Society for Flensburg City History (Hrsg.): Flensburg in history and present . Flensburg 1972, page 196
  7. ↑ a b c Flensburg street names . Society for Flensburg City History, Flensburg 2005, ISBN 3-925856-50-1 , article: Blücherstraße
  8. ↑ a b Flensburger Tageblatt : 100 years of incorporation: The gray donkey and the emperor's piste , from: May 6, 2010; Retrieved on: July 11, 2016
  9. ^ Writings of the Society for Flensburg City History (ed.): Flensburg in history and present . Flensburg 1972, p. 405
  10. ↑ a b School for Strategic Reconnaissance of the Bundeswehr: Chronicle of the barracks. (PDF; 334 kB) In: Armed forces base. Bundeswehr, archived from the original on September 16, 2016 ; accessed on December 14, 2014 .
  11. ↑ Flensburger Tageblatt : 150 years Flensburger Tageblatt: When Flensburg set the tone , from: April 28, 2015; accessed on: September 23, 2019
  12. ^ SMS Charlotte. Cruiser frigate , accessed: December 3, 2017
  13. ↑ a b Flensburger Tageblatt This is how the naval school came to the city (Part II) , dated August 11, 2011; Retrieved on: July 11, 2016
  14. ↑ Wilhelm Penners also provided the construction plans for the Flensburg tax office and the conversion of the chocolate factory in Munktorft 7 into an employment office. See Lutz Wilde : Monument topography of the Federal Republic of Germany, cultural monuments in Schleswig-Holstein, Volume 2, Flensburg, pages 372 and 598
  15. ↑ Lutz Wilde : Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany, cultural monuments in Schleswig-Holstein, Volume 2, Flensburg, page 552
  16. ↑ See Flensburger Tageblatt : 1284 to 2009: Die Stadtchronik , from: January 1, 2009; Retrieved on: January 12, 2015
  17. ↑ Joachim Beckh: Blitz & Anker, Volume 1: Information Technology - History and Backgrounds. Book on Demand 2005, page 420
  18. ↑ Joachim Beckh: Blitz & Anker, Volume 1: Information Technology - History and Backgrounds. Book on Demand 2005, page 420
  19. ↑ Flensburger Tageblatt : New glass houses on old bunkers , from: January 25, 2016
  20. ↑ Flensburger Tageblatt : Annual Review Flensburg: The Year of Construction Cranes , from: December 30, 2017; accessed on: February 15, 2020
  21. ↑ Open Monument Day 2018, Sonwik, Fördepromenade , accessed on: February 15, 2020
  22. ^ Lutz Wilde : Monument topography of the Federal Republic of Germany, cultural monuments in Schleswig-Holstein, Volume 2, Flensburg, pages 544 and 552
  23. ↑ Georg Tessin : Associations and troops of the German Wehrmacht and Waffen-SS 1939–1945, torpedo services in the Navy
  24. ↑ See Historical MarineArchiv ( Memento of the original from August 15, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Entry: Hansen, Karl-Heinz; Retrieved on: August 15, 2016 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / historisches-marinearchiv.de
  25. ↑ Mürwik refugee camp: Revbaracke, machine training building; Warehouse twedterholz; Tirpitz barracks , accessed on: July 11, 2016
  26. ^ Lutz Wilde: Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany, cultural monuments in Schleswig-Holstein. Volume 2, Flensburg, p. 550
  27. ↑ a b c Lutz Wilde : Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany, cultural monuments in Schleswig-Holstein, Volume 2, Flensburg, page 544
  28. ↑ See Marine Torwache in Mürwik or there ( Memento from March 6, 2016 in the Internet Archive ); Accessed on: January 12, 2016 as well as: Lutz Wilde : Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany, cultural monuments in Schleswig-Holstein . Volume 2, Flensburg, page 67 and postcard there
  29. ↑ Wilhelm II was obviously enthusiastic about Vikings . See Krude Vikingermystik drove Wilhelm II northwards , from: March 24, 2017; Retrieved on: June 24, 2017
  30. ^ Sonwik, Flensburg, Opus 61. Stuttgart / London 2007, pp. 10 and 18
  31. ↑ See law, concerning the provisional regulation of the Reich budget for April and May 1907 , accessed on: July 22, 2017
  32. ↑ Cf. Jörg Hillmann , Reinhard Scheiblich: The red castle by the sea. The Mürwik Naval School since its foundation . Hamburg 2002, page 58
  33. ↑ Flensburger Tageblatt : Location Flensburg / Glücksburg: 60 million euros for the reconnaissance , from: April 22, 2015; accessed on: August 14, 2016
  34. ^ Lutz Wilde : Monument topography of the Federal Republic of Germany, cultural monuments in Schleswig-Holstein, Volume 2, Flensburg, page 550
  35. ↑ a b Flensburg street names . Society for Flensburg City History, Flensburg 2005, ISBN 3-925856-50-1 , article: Torpedostraße
  36. ^ Marine gate guard in Mürwik or there ( Memento from March 6, 2016 in the Internet Archive ); Accessed on: January 12, 2016 as well as: Lutz Wilde : Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany, cultural monuments in Schleswig-Holstein . Volume 2, Flensburg, page 67 and postcard there
  37. ↑ Schleswig-Holsteinischer Zeitungsverlag : 100 Years of the Naval School: This is how the naval school came to the city (Part I) , dated: August 11, 2010; Retrieved on: July 11, 2016
  38. ↑ See Naval Archives. Antrax of the Torpedo School Mürwik , accessed on: July 14, 2019

Web links

Commons : Torpedo Station  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 54 ° 48 ′ 42 "  N , 9 ° 27 ′ 23"  E