Sønderborg

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Sønderborg
( German Sonderburg )
Sønderborg coat of arms
Sønderborg (Denmark)
Sønderborg
Sønderborg
Basic data
State : DenmarkDenmark Denmark
Region : Syddanmark
Municipality
(since 2007) : 		Sønderborg
Coordinates : 54 ° 55 '  N , 9 ° 49'  E Coordinates: 54 ° 55 '  N , 9 ° 49'  E
Founded: 1256
Population :
(2020) 		27,841
Postal code : 6400 Sønderborg
Sister cities : FinlandFinland Pori
Sonderburg Castle
Sonderburg Castle
Template: Infobox location in Denmark / maintenance / area missing
Template: Infobox location in Denmark / maintenance / height is missing

Sønderborg ( German : Sonderburg ; Sønderjysk or Alsisk : Synnebårre ) is a town in the Syddanmark region in Denmark on the Flensburg Fjord , not far from the border with Germany . From 1970 the city was part of the municipality of Sønderborg , which in 2007 was merged with six neighboring municipalities to form the greater municipality of Sønderborg . According to the Danish statistical office, there are 27,841 people living in the city, 74,220 people in the large commune (as of January 1, 2020), and the mayor (Erik Lauritzen) has been provided by the Danish Social Democrats since the local elections in November 2013 .

The former municipality of Sønderborg , which comprised the urban settlement area ( Christians Sogn and Sankt Marie Sogn ) and the outlying communities Dybbøl Sogn (Düppel) and Ulkebøl Sogn (Ulkebüll) from 1970 to 2006 , was 54.45 km² in size and had 30,783 inhabitants (as of 2006 ).

geography

The old town and other large parts of the city are scenic on the island of Als (German: Alsen ), while the western part is part of the Cimbrian Peninsula . In between runs the 250-meter-wide Als Sund (German: Alsensund ), which flows south into the Sønderborg Bugt (German: Sonderburg Bay ). This is part of the Flensburg Fjord. To the north of Sønderborg, the Augustenborg Fjord (Eng .: Augustenburger Förde ) extends deep into Als.

In 1970 Sønderborg became part of a municipality to which the municipalities Dybbøl (Engl .: Düppel ) and Ulkebøl were also attached. In 2007 the municipality of Sønderborg became even larger than the former district of Sønderborg through the connection of the municipalities of Gråsten , Broager , Sundeved , Sydals , Augustenborg and Nordborg . The area of ​​today's Sønderborg municipality covers 496.57 km².

Residents

Sønderborg

Development of the population (from 1890: January 1st) :

  • 1890-5.120
  • 1980 - 27,790
  • 1985 - 27,583
  • 1990 - 28,291
  • 1995 - 29,388
  • 1999 - 30,037
  • 2000-30,011
  • 2003 - 30,122
  • 2006 - 27,391
  • 2007 - 27,371
  • 2010 - 27,194

history

Alsensund around 1864

Since no documents from the early days of the city have been preserved, their beginnings are in the dark. Sønderborg Castle ( southern castle ), which gives the city its name , was built in the 12th century to protect it from Wendish pirates. The first tradition about the castle dates back to 1253. In that year, King Christopher I of Denmark conquered the castle and had its fortress walls razed. The eponymous castle should still exist and was rebuilt. In the shadow of the castle, Sønderborg grew up and matured into a city by the 15th century. When exactly and whether the city of Sønderborg received city ​​rights at all is unclear. In the 15th century, however, Sønderborg was a fully-fledged city, whose representatives took part in the state parliaments. Incidentally, from 1531 the deposed King Christian II was held captive in the palace for a long time, for which the palace is still particularly famous today.

Sønderborg was the center of a very small feudal district or office, which included the south of Als and the eastern part of the Sundeved (dt .: Sundewitt ). Since there were numerous other aristocratic and ecclesiastical properties here, it was only of modest size. In the country's division between the King and his brother in 1564 city and were Sønderborg County together with the Nordborg Office , which also includes the island Ærø belonged to the divided Duke Johann the Younger left. This became the progenitor of the Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg line . After he had also received the area around the Rüdekloster in fishing in 1581 , he built the new Glücksburg residence there . He also had the Sønderborg Castle extensively expanded. The duke managed to get almost all of the aristocratic properties in the area into his possession and to round off the territory. After his death in 1622, Sønderborg became the residence of a duchy again, although this only comprised a fifth of Johann's possessions, as he had divided them up among his sons. In 1667 the duchy went bankrupt and then became royal again. Sønderborg remained a modest trading town, the castle was the seat of a bailiff with a very small office.

When in 1779 the last reigning duke from the descendants of Johann died at his Glücksburg residence, Sundeved also returned to the Sønderborg office. Since the Dukes of Augustenborg had acquired large estates on Als, the office remained very small. Sønderborg itself was only of local importance as a trading town. The neighboring Flensburg dominated the long-distance trade, which also gained increasing importance in Aabenraa .

In the middle of the 19th century, several industrial companies settled in the city. The emerging nationalism , which increasingly separated Danes and Germans in Schleswig, became a major problem during this period . As, and thus also Sønderborg, were held by Danish troops in the Schleswig-Holstein War 1848–1850 and therefore got through the turmoil of the time more lightly than the rest of the duchy. However, the German-Danish War in 1864 led to extensive Prussian bombardment of the city, including the city palace of Duke Ernst Günther .

After it was conquered by the Prussians on June 29, 1864 , the city of Sønderborg became part of Prussia and from 1871 to the German Empire . Administratively it belonged at this time to the province of Schleswig-Holstein and was the county seat of the district of Sønderborg , to which the old office including all goods and northern Alsace belonged. In 1890 Sønderborg had 5,120 inhabitants, of which 145 were Catholics and 7  Jews . With the establishment of the imperial naval station (cf. Sønderborg barracks ) around 1907, the city's economic importance grew considerably. Numerous representative buildings of the time shape the cityscape to this day. Today Sønderborg is considered the most important Art Nouveau town in Denmark. The city received a railway connection in 1901 with the state railway to Flensburg and Tingleff as well as circular rail connections to Norburg, Lysabild and Mommark .

Although 56% of the electorate voted to remain with the German Reich in the referendum in 1920 , Sønderborg has belonged to Denmark since 1920 because the voting areas were treated as one and the German majority, which was only found in a few cities, was outvoted in the rural areas. Even today, the city has a considerable proportion of German-speaking residents who are organized with other German residents of the South Jutland region in the Bund deutscher Nordschleswiger .

After 1920 Sønderborg was still the seat of a regional administration. The city, which had lost its southern hinterland, was supported by the settlement of state institutions, including a state hospital, a commercial college and a regional court. Over time, however, the Danfoss factory became the most important economic factor at Als . As a result, the actually remote Sønderborg also gained in economic importance, and in terms of population it was able to outstrip the other three northern Schleswig towns of Tønder , Aabenraa and Haderslev .

In 1998 Handelshøjskole Syd, located in Sønderborg, became a department of the Syddansk Universitet . Since then the university has been upgraded with the University of Flensburg through various new institutes and cross-border courses . In 2007 the institutes moved to Alsion , a new building complex located directly on the Als Sund .

In 2005, Gerhard Schröder and Anders Fogh Rasmussen concluded an agreement in Sønderborg on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Bonn-Copenhagen Declarations , which aims to deepen German-Danish cooperation.

In March 2010, Sønderborg applied alongside Aarhus for the title of European Capital of Culture in 2017 . The decision was made in August 2012 in favor of Aarhus. This candidacy was a joint project of the entire German-Danish border region Sønderjylland-Schleswig , in which, in addition to the four South Jutian municipalities Sønderborg , Aabenraa , Tønder and Haderslev , Flensburg and the districts of North Friesland and Schleswig-Flensburg also participated on the German side. Although Sønderborg did not win the title of Capital of Culture, the organizers stuck to their visions and set up a cultural program for 2017 under the name S2017 (motto: Creating a Countryside Metropolis ).

language

Sønderborg is next to the Danish standard language Rigsmål (Reich Danish) also Sønderjysk and the German minority German spoken. There is a German School in Sønderborg and a branch of the Apenrader Büchereizentrale and Zentralbücherei on Rønhaveplads in the center. The two variants of the southern Danish dialect Sønderjysk that meet here are called Alsisk (Alsisch, after the island of Als ) and Sundevedsk (after the Sundeved peninsula ), which also includes the greeting and farewell formula Mojn , which is only used in Sønderjylland in Denmark . As an expression of the local language identity, the city advertised from 1975 with the slogan “Mojn - vi ses i Sønderborg” (“Moin - see you in Sønderborg ”).

Culture and sights

Sønderborg town harbor

Museums

There is a museum with historical collections and a collection of Jutland art in Sønderborg Castle . In the Købmandsmuseet Kastanie-Huset you can visit a shop from the 1940s. The Deutsches Museum Nordschleswig reports on the German-speaking population in North Schleswig , which will be extensively renovated and expanded from 2019 (costs around 26.4 million crowns). Radio equipment such as televisions and radios are exhibited in the Sønderjyllands Radio Museum, which opened in 2010 and is housed in the EUC Syd training institute on Søndre Landevej . In Sønderborg you will also find the Ringridermusem , the only ringriders museum in Denmark. To the west of the city is also the Dybbøl Banke History Center , the national Danish memorial of the Düppeler Schanzen .

music

The Sønderjyllands Symfoniorkester regularly gives concerts .

Buildings

Today's town hall from 1933 is in Danish classicism

Since Sønderborg was partially destroyed in the war of 1864 and there were large-scale demolitions in the 20th century, as in many other cities, it has fewer historical buildings than the other cities in the old Duchy of Schleswig . Nevertheless, the old town is remarkable and offers some closed ensembles, especially in the side streets, especially between the town hall and castle and in Kirchenstraße.

Sønderborg offers some remarkable examples of Art Nouveau architecture both in the old town and in the older city extensions to the north and east .

Sønderborg Castle , first mentioned in 1170, is now the most important museum in North Schleswig and one of the oldest secular buildings in the region.

The castle mill is a well-preserved, relatively small gallery Dutchman .

The Marienkirche was originally the church of the St. Jürgen Hospital. After the Reformation , it took over the function of the town's parish church after the former town church had been abandoned. The brick building is surmounted by an unimpressive tower built in 1883 and modernized in 1962, but its interior impresses with a multitude of valuable epitaphs.

The renovated harbor promenade is called the wooden bridge. The larger yachts and sailing vintage cars are located here. You meet here u. a. to the rum regatta from and to Flensburg . Overall, the houses on the harbor promenade were also thoroughly renovated and renewed. In the vicinity of the castle, which closes off the harbor promenade, the 2.30-meter-high bronze sculpture Butt has been in the grip of the German Nobel Prize winner Günter Grass since July 2004 .

The bascule bridge Kong Christian X's Bro leads over the Als Sound (dt .: Alsensund ) and dates from 1930. She was offered one of the historic old town, especially in the northern port area (two houses are in the open-air museum The Old Town in Aarhus rebuilt and in the area of ​​the Marienkirche (including the old St. Jürgen Hospital), which is now separated from the old town by the traffic lane.

A 15-minute walk to the Düppeler Schanzen , site and museum of the German-Danish War of 1864, is also interesting . From here the Prussians shot their cannons directly into the city.

Sønderborg is characterized by an exceptionally beautiful location at the entrance of the Als Sound into the Flensburg Fjord , which is dominated by the castle. A long promenade leads from the castle garden along the fjord to the newly created yacht harbor.

The hotel Alsik founded of 2019.

Sports

Sønderborg is a popular sport boat harbor with good shopping opportunities. In addition to the marina just outside the city to the south-east, the berths directly on the city promenade are very popular with sailors and motorboat enthusiasts. There is a beach south of the castle.

Every year on the second weekend in July, the Ringreiterfest (ringriding) takes place, where the riders try to pierce a small ring with a lance. There is a parade on Fridays and Saturdays.

Economy and Infrastructure

The machine , textile and food industries are economically important . Quite a few people from Sønderborg also work at the Danfoss industrial complex in the Nordborg area . Its importance as a university location has also grown significantly since 1999. Sønderborg is also a very popular tourist destination .

traffic

Road traffic

King Christian X Bridge and the Sankt Marie Kirke in April 2014
Alssundbroen

Two road bridges over the Als Sund connect the island of Als to the mainland in the port city. Primærrute 8 , which connects Tønder with Nyborg (with a ferry service between Als and Funen ), runs over the northern road bridge Alssundbroen . The Sønderborgmotorvejen motorway ends at the bridge and has been connecting Sønderborg to European route 45 at Kliplev since March 31, 2012 .

The southern, older bridge over the sound is a bascule bridge. The Kong Christian X's Bro was named after the Danish King Christian X named. It is also the only fixed crossing of the sound for pedestrians and cyclists. The railway to Mommark used to run over it , the track was only removed a few years ago.

The old island train station in the east of the city now serves as the central bus station (ZOB), from which, in addition to numerous local connections, two express bus routes to Esbjerg and Vejle start.

Rail transport

To the west of the city, which is terminus of the DSB - railway line to Tinglev . It has been electrified since 1997, but only on a single track. InterCityLyn trains run to Copenhagen - Østerport every two hours . Travel time is 3 hours and 50 minutes (2020).

The DSB track had originally Tørsbøl a branch of Flensburg ( railway Tørsbøl-Padborg ), who lost but after the demarcation of 1920 in importance and in 1932, together with the railway Vester Sottrup-Skelde has been set. On May 27, 1962, the connection to the Mommark ferry station, which led from the DSB station over the bascule bridge and then partially through the main street of the city, disappeared. This line was expanded to narrow gauge until 1936 and was part of the Amtsbanerne på Als (circular path on Als), which connected Sønderborg to Augustenborg and Nordborg on two other lines .

air traffic

Sønderborg Lufthavn is located north of Sønderborg. It is located on the Arnkil headland between Augustenborg Fjord in the east and Alsensund in the west. The airline Air Alsie offers a connection to Copenhagen , which is served several times a day.

Ferry traffic

Ferries ran to Åbenrå , Damp , Flensburg and Gelting . The ships to the Flensburg harbor were called Fördedampfer because they sailed the Flensburg Fjord . In earlier times they were an important means of transport and later became popular as butter ships or Spritbåde because of the duty-free shopping opportunities.

mayor

sons and daughters of the town

Twin cities

Partnership relationships are maintained with the following cities:

literature

  • Inge Adriansen, Peter Dragsbo (editor): Sønderborg i 750 år - tværsnit og perspektiver . Ed .: Museet på Sønderborg Slot & Historisk Samfund for Als og Sundeved (=  Fra Als og Sundeved . Band 83 ). Sønderborg 2005, ISBN 87-87153-50-5 (Danish).
  • Peter Dragsbo, Inge Adriansen, Kirsten Clausen, Hans Helmer Kristensen and Torben Vestergaard: I centrum ved grænsen - portræt af Sønderborg Kommune . Ed .: Museet på Sønderborg Slot & Historisk Samfund for Als og Sundeved (=  Fra Als og Sundeved . Band 84 ). Sønderborg 2006, ISBN 87-87153-52-1 (Danish).

Web links

Commons : Sønderborg  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Sønderborg  - sources and full texts
Wikivoyage: Sønderborg  - travel guide

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Statistics Banks -> Befolkning og valg -> BY1: Folketal January 1st efter byområde, alder og køn (Danish)
  2. ↑ Johannes Diederichsen: Alsiske stednavne . Ed .: Alsingergilden (=  Alsingergildets skrifter . Volume 13 ). 1994, ISBN 87-85174-32-7 (Danish).
  3. ↑ Erik Lauritzen. Sønderborg Kommune, May 19, 2014, accessed June 13, 2014 (Danish).
  4. ↑ Statistics banks -> Geografi, miljø og energi -> ARE2: Areal demands efter område (AFSLUTTET) (Danish)
  5. ↑ Statistics banks -> Befolkning og valg -> BEF1A: Folketal January 1st efter commune, køn, alder og civilstand (AFSLUTTET) (Danish)
  6. ↑ Martin Becker: Kulturlandschaft Flensburger Förde , 2006, p. 93
  7. ^ Pastor Hansen, Skanderborg: Palaces and castles on the island of Alsen. In Andreas Ludwig Jacob Michelsen : Archive for State and Church History of the Duchies of Schleswig, Holstein, Lauenburg, Volume 4 called the SHL Society for Patriotic History. Altona 1840, p. 281.
  8. ↑ Hans Nicolai Andreas Jensen : Attempt at church statistics of the Duchy of Schleswig, Volume 1 , Flensburg 1840, p. 317
  9. ↑ Aarhus valgt som EU Kulturhovedstad i 2017. (No longer available online.) Kulturministeriet , archived from the original on July 15, 2014 ; Retrieved August 24, 2012 (Danish). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.hadsten-pingvinnyt.dk
  10. ↑ visitdenmark.de
  11. ↑ Den Europæiske Kulturhovedstad i 2017. (PDF) 2017 Secretariat, archived from the original on May 8, 2010 ; Retrieved December 19, 2010 (Danish).
  12. ↑ S2017 strategies lever videre. 2017 Secretariat, accessed June 12, 2014 (Danish).
  13. ↑ Museet på Sønderborg Slot & Historisk Samfund for Als og Sundeved (ed.): I centrum ved grænsen - portræt af Sønderborg Kommune . Sønderborg 2006, E sproch - dansk og tysk, alsisk og sundevedsk, p. 128-131 (Danish).
  14. ^ Website Deutsches Museum Nordschleswig , accessed on June 13, 2018
  15. ↑ Der Nordschleswiger: Five million crowns for the Museum of the Minority (Gwyn Nissen) June 12, 2018 , accessed on June 13, 2018
  16. ^ Sønderjyllands Radiomuseum , accessed on June 11, 2011 (Danish)
  17. ↑ Ringrider Museum
  18. ↑ Vejdirektoratet : Ny motorvej til Sønderborg: snoren transport Ministeren clipper . March 31, 2012, accessed March 16, 2012 (Danish)