Sønderborg Office

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Location of the Sønderborg Office in Denmark

Sønderborg Amt (named after the city of Sønderborg ) was an administrative district in Denmark from 1920 to 1932 .

Sønderborg Office. The areas of the six municipalities that were created by the municipal reform in 1970 and then belonged to Sønderjyllands Amt are marked with different shades of green .

When Nordschleswig was ceded to Denmark in 1920 , the Sønderborg Office emerged from the Prussian district of Sønderborg. It consisted of three Harden ( Danish: Herred ):

Head of office was Christian Ludvig Lundbye (1873-1947) throughout the period . During the preparation of the referendum in Schleswig in 1920 he was Denmark's representative at the International Commission (CIS) in Flensburg. In 1931 he changed to the post of canon bailiff in Hadersleben .

As early as 1932, Sønderborg Amt and the neighboring Aabenraa Amt were merged to form Aabenraa-Sønderborg Amt . Both districts retained their function as a political unit ( amtsrådskreds ) by maintaining two separate meetings of officials. Administratively, however, they were grouped under a common head of office.

history

The office goes back to sovereign castles in the Duchy of Schleswig. The castle districts underwent many changes. In 1564, the offices of Sønderborg and Norburg were abolished when Johann the Younger established his divided rule . The manageable property was further divided in the following generations and lent u. a. the Oldenburg branch line Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg takes its name. With the expiry of the various lines, the official structure was gradually restored. From 1667, Sønderborg only included Als Sønder Herred (see map below). An expansion with Nybøl Herred took place in 1779. As Nørre Herred (with spots Nordborg ) formed the Nordborg office together with Ærø Herred (with købstad Ærøskøbing ) until 1864 . In 1852 the confiscated goods of the Augustenburg dukes returned.

The Sønderborg Office has a particularly complicated history, which can be explained, among other things, by its geographical location. In King Waldemar II's earth book from 1231, the western, continental part of the later district was mentioned as part of the Ellumsyssel and named in the list of the associated Harden Sundewitt (but without the addition of Harde ). This also included the parish of Warnitz , which was soon separated and later moved to the Aabenraa office . The island of Alsen, in turn, was listed as an independent island outside of the Hardes and Syssel divisions.

From the 14th century, the offices developed around the lordly castles in the Duchy of Schleswig , which from then on formed the most important administrative districts. There were two such castles on Als. Norburg Castle developed into the center of the northern half of the island, while the castle in front of Sønderborg dominated southern Alsen and Sundewitt. The neighboring island of Ærø to the east also came under the influence of Norburg.

In the first three divisions of Schleswig and Holstein in 1490, 1523 and 1544, the offices of Norburg and Sonderburg remained royal. The next division in 1564, however, would be a decisive event in the history of the area. King Friedrich II. Had to release his younger brother Johann the Younger (so called in comparison to his uncle Johann the Elder , who at the time resided as Duke in Hadersleben ). Because the estates refused to pay homage to another sovereign. this received the status of separated gentleman . From then on, the offices of Sønderburg and Norburg (as well as Plön in Holstein) were run like a large manor district. Duke Johann bought up all the private aristocratic estates in the district and laid down many freelance farmers' positions in order to combine the lands into large manor fiefs. Indeed, this policy brought him economic success. In 1581 he received the property of the Rüdekloster near Flensburg from the estate of his childless deceased uncle Johann the Elder , where he built his new residence in Glücksburg .

After Johann's death in 1622, the divided duchy split into five even smaller units, namely the duchies of Sønderborg (only southern Ales), Norburg (only northern Ales), Glücksburg (Sundewitt and possessions south of the Flensburg Fjord ), Ærø (the island of the same name) and Plön (the Holstein possessions). After the early death of the duke there, Ærø was initially divided into four between the brothers in 1633. In 1667 the Sønderborg parent company went bankrupt and the king seized the property, so that the Sønderborg office rose again. However, two successor lines of this house were to gain great political importance again in the 19th century as the dukes of Augustenburg and the younger line of Glücksburg (see Christian IX. ). The collapse of the Norburg line followed in 1669, which was soon taken over by Plön, but finally disappeared after further partitions in 1729, whereupon the royal office of Norburg rose again. Ærø was completely in royal hands again in 1749, Plön in 1761. Only the older Glücksburg line lasted until 1779, when Sundewitt, with the exception of a few independent manor districts, came back to the Sønderborg office, but the part south of the fjord with Glücksburg came to the office Flensburg .

While the office of Norburg was somewhat rounded off with Nordalsen and Ærø, the office of Sønderborg lost a large part of the Alsian possessions as early as 1764 by selling them to the Duke of Augustenburg , who ran them as an independent estate district. It was not until 1852, after Duke Christian August had turned against the king in the civil war, that the goods were confiscated and returned to the Sønderborg administration. Although the offices of Norburg and Sonderburg had a common bailiff for a long time (from 1850 also together with Aabenraa ), they remained independent regional authorities until 1867. Ærø came to the Kingdom of Denmark in 1864 .

Only three years after the conquest of Schleswig by Prussia, during which the decisive battles of Düppel (April 18, 1864) and Arnkiel ( transition to Alsen on June 29, 1864) took place in the area of ​​the Sønderborg office and the future district town was badly destroyed , the Prussian administration formed the unified district of Sonderburg. Although merging with Aabenraa would have created a unit that corresponded to Prussian norms, the Sønderborg district was left independent - not least to keep the strong Danish movement there under better control.

In the referendum on state affiliation in 1920, the entire district area belonged to the First Zone, the majority of which voted in favor of joining Denmark. In many places, especially on Alsen, 90% of the inhabitants voted Danish, while the majority of the district town, which had grown strongly in previous years, voted German. The district of Sønderborg continued as Sønderborg Office from June 15, 1920, but was placed under joint administration with the neighboring Aabenraa in 1932.

Later administrative units

With the municipal reform on April 1, 1970 , the area became part of the new Sønderjyllands Amt . At the same time, the following municipalities were created (marked in shades of green on the map):

Head of office

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Palle Rosenkrantz: Amtsmandsbogen. Portraits and biographies of stiftamtmænd and amtmænd i Danmark 1660-1935 , Copenhagen 1936
  2. ^ Troels Fink: Da Sønderjylland blev delt 1918-1920 , Volume 3, Apenrade 1979, pp. 121-125
  3. ^ Gerret Liebing Schlaber: Hertugdømmet Slesvigs forvaltning. Administrative structures og retspleje mellem Ejderen og Kongeåen approx. 1460-1864 , Flensburg 2007, p. 411
  4. ↑ JP Trap: Danmark . Vol. 10, Part. 3, pp. 801, 1066
  5. ^ Compare Liebing Schlaber: Hertugdømmet Slesvigs forvaltning , p. 150

literature

  • Troels Fink: Da Sønderjylland blev delt 1918-1920 , Volume 3, Apenrade 1979. ISBN 87-87637-20-0
  • Palle Rosenkrantz: Official Mandate Bow. Portraits and biographies of stiftamtmænd and amtmænd i Danmark 1660-1935 , Copenhagen 1936
  • Gerret Liebing Schlaber: Hertugdømmet Slesvigs forvaltning. Administrative structures and retspleje mellem Ejderen and Kongeåen approx. 1460-1864 , ed. from the study department of the Danish Central Library for South Schleswig, Flensburg 2007. ISBN 978-87-89178-65-3
  • JP Trap: Danmark . Edited by Niels Nielsen, Peter Skautrup and Therkel Mathiassen, vol. 10, vol. 3. Gads Forlag, Copenhagen 1967

Web links

Commons : Sønderborg Amt  - collection of images, videos and audio files