Hanover Province

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Prussian Province of
Hanover
flag coat of arms
Flag of the Province of Hanover Coat of arms of the province of Hanover
Situation in Prussia
Red: Location of the Province of Hanover
Exist 1866-1946
Provincial capital Hanover
area 38,509 km² (1910)
38,639 km² (1939)
resident 3,476,056 (1939)
Population density 90 people / km²
administration 6 administrative districts
License Plate IS
Arose from Kgr. Hanover
Incorporated into State of Hanover
Today part of Lower Saxony , Thuringia , Hamburg , Free Hanseatic City of Bremen
map
Map of the Province of Hanover, 1905

Hanover was the name of a Prussian province from 1866 to 1946 .

story

Occupation by Prussia and annexation

In 1866 the Kingdom of Hanover lost the German War on Austria's side and was subsequently occupied and annexed by Prussia . The Kingdom of Hanover had previously tried to maintain a neutral position between the two parties to the dispute with other states in the German Confederation , but voted in the decisive vote on the mobilization of the federal troops on June 14, 1866 against Prussia. A little later, Prussia declared war on the Kingdom of Hanover on the basis of this attitude. The Hanoverian army had after initial successes against the Prussian troops, such as in the Battle of Langensalza , surrender. The Hanoverian ruling dynasty of the Guelphs was dethroned, the Kingdom of Hanover was annexed and declared a Prussian province. The Welfs' private assets were used by Bismarck as a so-called reptile fund to influence press reports and the Bavarian King Ludwig II , who was always in need of money , without reporting to the Reichstag . According to S. Haffner (1985 and 2001) Ludwig II received 4,720,000 gold marks from the Welfenfonds for his private box for the approval of the Kingdom of Bavaria to establish the German Empire in 1871. The time under the administration as a Prussian province was marked by extensive expansion the transport and economic infrastructure.

Referendum of May 18, 1924

In the context of a planned reform of the German Reich, a referendum took place on May 18, 1924 on the separation of the Province of Hanover (excluding the administrative district of Aurich ) from Prussia and the formation of an independent State of Hanover. The vote failed because the required third of those entitled to vote did not take part in the vote.

Dissolution of Prussia and re-establishment of Hanover

The Hanoverian and Welf convictions did not go under in the country despite the incorporation into Prussia, reinforced by the widespread view that the annexation was an illegal act. The German-Hanoverian Party (DHP) was formed as a political party , which advocated the reorganization of the State of Hanover and the rehabilitation of the Welfenhaus, and which was represented in the Reichstag several times beyond the Empire and into the Weimar Republic . With the wedding of the Guelph Prince Ernst August of Braunschweig-Lüneburg and the Hohenzollern Princess Viktoria Luise of Prussia on May 24, 1913 and the subsequent appointment of Ernst August as the reigning Duke of Braunschweig in November of the same year, a reconciliation between the two dynastic houses seemed to be within reach ( although Hanover remained a Prussian province), but was overtaken by the upheavals in Europe that soon followed, with the outbreak of the First World War , which led to the abolition of the monarchy in Germany. The province of Hanover was now part of the Free State of Prussia .

In 1944 the government districts of Aurich and Osnabrück were subordinated to the Reich governor in Oldenburg and Bremen . However, the two administrative districts remained formally part of Prussia and the province of Hanover. An inconsistent administrative structure arose up to 1945, since depending on the area of ​​expertise, government agencies were responsible either in Oldenburg or in Hanover.

On August 23, 1946, with Ordinance No. 46 of the British Military Government of August 23, 1946, regarding the dissolution of the provinces of the former Land of Prussia in the British Zone and their reorganization as independent states, the Land of Hanover was rebuilt. At the instigation of the Hanoverian Prime Minister Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf , this state was shortly afterwards united with the states of Oldenburg, Braunschweig and Schaumburg-Lippe to form Lower Saxony .

After 1945, the conservative Lower Saxony State Party (renamed German Party in 1947 ) succeeded the German-Hanoverian Party. In addition to Lower Saxony, the German party also had certain successes in northern Hesse and was also represented in the federal government until 1960 . After that, the party began to decline drastically. It went up in 1961 in the All-German Party (GDP).

Population development and area

year resident
1871 1,961,437
1880 2,120,168
1890 2,278,361
1900 2,590,939
1910 2,942,436
1925 3,190,619
1933 3,367,507
1939 3,476,056

In 1910 the province covered an area of ​​38,509 km². After changes to the area in the areas of Rinteln , Wilhelmshaven , Bremen , Cuxhaven and Hamburg , the area increased to 38,639 km² in the course of the 1930s.

Upper President of the Province of Hanover

State directors and governors

Provincial Parliament

year 1921 1925 1929 1933
Political party percent Seats percent Seats percent Seats percent Seats
SPD 34.7% 37 32.9% 37 34.8% 39 23.1% 26
DHP 16.7% 17th 0.6% 1 10.9% 12th - -
DVP 15.0% 16 1.3% 1 8.3% 10 - -
DNVP 7.0% 7th 2.2% 2 6.7% 8th 9.7% 11
center 6.4% 7th 9.7% 11 8.9% 10 8.1% 9
DDP 4.6% 5 3.9% 5 3.1% 4th - -
USPD 3.3% 3 - - - - - -
KPD 3.2% 4th 4.2% 5 3.7% 4th 4.8% 6th
List Elbe-Weser 8.0% 10 - - - - - -
Hiring workers 0.7% 1 - - - - - -
List of East Frisia 0.4% 1 - - - - - -
List Esens-Wittmund-Friedeburg 0.4% 1 - - - - - -
VHP - - 27.2% 30th - - - -
DVFP - - 0.7% 1 - - - -
House and landowner - - 7.3% 8th - - - -
Economy, craft and trade - - 3.7% 5 - - - -
Hanover local parties - - 2.7% 3 - - - -
Savings association - - 2.0% 3 - - - -
NSDAP - - - - 6.8% 8th 48.8% 55
CNBL - - - - 3.7% 4th - -
NF - - - - 1.9% 2 - -
DHP / CSVD - - - - - - 4.1% 5
Middle class block - - - - 9.1% 10 - -
  • 100% missing votes = nominations not represented in the provincial assembly.

Administrative structure 1868–1885

After the annexation of the Kingdom of Hanover by Prussia and its transformation into a Prussian province in 1867, the traditional division remained in the country Drosteien first obtained, offices and independent cities, the official captains the position of a Prussian district administrator received. At the same time, a Prussian ordinance of September 12, 1867, formed 37 “districts” across the province. These circles, also known as steering groups , were responsible for military and tax matters, and later also for the implementation of the Reich vaccination law as well as for charity matters. Since the majority of the actual administrative tasks remained with the offices and the independent cities, the steering groups did not acquire any special significance.

In 1868 the Clausthal Mining Authority , which until then had existed on a par with the six Hanoverian Landdrostei, was incorporated into the Landdrostei Hildesheim .

The Prussian law on general state administration of July 30, 1883 came into force in the province of Hanover on July 1, 1885.

Administrative structure from 1885

Territorial development of the province of Hanover in the Harz and Braunschweig area (October 1, 1932 to September 17, 1945)
When the law came into force on July 1, 1885, the six Landdrosteien were converted into administrative districts :
  1. Aurich administrative district
  2. Hanover district
  3. Hildesheim administrative district
  4. Lüneburg administrative district
  5. Osnabrück administrative district
  6. Administrative region of Stade
 Administrative districts in the province of Hanover, 1905

The administrative districts were subdivided into new urban and rural districts, with the old office structure being abolished. Circle seats that differ from the name of the circle are added in brackets in the following list:

Districts and urban districts in the province of Hanover (1905)

Aurich administrative district

City districts

Counties

  • Aurich
  • Emden (until 1932, then to the city of Emden, to the district of Norden and to the district of Leer)
  • Empty
  • north
  • Weener (until 1932, then to the district of Leer)
  • Wittmund

Hanover district

City districts

Counties

Hildesheim administrative district

City districts

Counties

Lüneburg administrative district

City districts

Counties

Osnabrück administrative district

City districts

Counties

Administrative region of Stade

City districts

Counties

literature

Web links

Commons : Province of Hanover  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Prussian Provinces 1910
  2. ↑ a b c Statistical Yearbook for the German Reich 1939/40 (digitized version)
  3. ↑ Historical Lexicon of Bavaria: Reorganization of the Empire (1919–1945)
  4. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history. Retrieved June 2, 2015 .
  5. ^ Hermann Oncken : von Bennigsen, Karl Wilhelm Rudolf . In: Biographisches Jahrbuch und deutscher Nekrolog 7 (1905), pp. 277, 286
  6. ↑ Jörn Koch: Encircling independent cities. (PDF; 1.7 MB) 2006, p. 11 f , accessed on September 7, 2011 : "Chapter II.2"
  7. ↑ Clausthal Mining Authority. (PDF; 21 kB) HGIS Germany, 2007, accessed on August 8, 2011 .
  8. ↑ a b History - in brief. In: Verwaltungsgericht-lueneburg.niedersachsen.de . Administrative Court of Lüneburg , accessed on July 1, 2021 .