Uslar district

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the district of Uslar
Uslar district
Map of Germany, position of the district of Uslar highlighted

Coordinates: 51 ° 40 ′  N , 9 ° 38 ′  E

Basic data (as of 1932)
Existing period: 1885-1932
State : Hanover Province
Administrative region : Hildesheim
Administrative headquarters : Uslar
Area : 348.89 km 2
Residents: 20,060 (1925)
Population density : 57 inhabitants per km 2
License plate : IS
Circle structure: 40 parishes
Location of the district of Uslar in the province of Hanover
map

The Uslar district was a district in the south of the Prussian province of Hanover from 1885 to 1932. It belonged to the Hildesheim administrative district and was also called the "Solling District". The county seat was Uslar . The former district area is now in southern Lower Saxony .

The circle and had an area of just 349 square kilometers comprised mainly today for the district of Northeim belonging municipalities Uslar and Bodenfelde that today the Göttingen district belonging Adelebsen , today Holzmindener neighborhoods Neuhaus im Solling and Silberborn and today the district of Holzminden lying Lauenförde . At the beginning of the 20th century, the district had around 18,500 inhabitants.

The district bordered in a clockwise direction on the Einbeck district , the old Northeim district , the old Göttingen district , the Münden district (all of the Prussian province of Hanover), the Hofgeismar district (Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau ), the old Höxter district (Prussian province of Westphalia ) and to the district of Holzminden ( Duchy of Braunschweig / Free State of Braunschweig ).

history

The district was formed on April 1, 1885 as part of the new district order for the province of Hanover from the then Uslar office by spinning it off from the then Einbeck district. The office of Uslar was enlarged in 1859 by most of the office of Adelebsen. The office of Nienover-Lauenförde had already been incorporated into the office of Uslar in 1852. The offices of Nienover and Lauenförde had previously been merged and separated again several times.

The district of Uslar was incorporated into the district of Northeim on October 1, 1932, with Northeim's administrative seat . This took place within a short notice on 1 August 1932 by the Prussian Minister of the Interior under the Papen government proclaimed Regulation on administrative reform and against the will of Uslarer population. The reason for the protest was, among other things, the economic stability of the district (in contrast to the Northeim district) and the residents' identification with their district. Outrage also aroused that one of the very first consequences was the transfer of the district administrator's car to Northeim. Since many authorities emigrated to Northeim as a result of the merger, Uslar lost its character as a city of officials and turned into an industrial city. Several unsuccessful attempts were made to restore the district, even during the Nazi regime and also after the Second World War .

Communities

The following communities belonged to the Uslar district:

today's coat of arms, location status Resident
(December 1, 1910) 		today too today's parish today's district Time of assignment
Adelebsen Manor 337 Adelebsen Spots Adelebsen Goettingen 1st January 1973
DEU Adelebsen COA.svg Adelebsen Rural community 1,138 Adelebsen Spots Adelebsen Goettingen 1st January 1973
Coat of arms Ahlbershausen.png Ahlbershausen Rural community 242 Ahlbershausen City of Uslar Northeim March 1, 1974
Coat of arms Allershausen.png Allershausen Rural community 371 Allershausen City of Uslar Northeim Association with Uslar: July 1st, 1968
District of Uslar: November 1st, 2001
Coat of arms Barterode.png Barterode Rural community 722 Barterode Spots Adelebsen Goettingen 1st January 1973
DEU Bodenfelde COA.svg Bodenfelde Rural community 1,706 Bodenfelde Patches Bodenfelde Northeim March 1, 1974
Coat of arms Bollensen.png Bollensen Rural community 459 Bollensen City of Uslar Northeim March 1, 1974
Coat of arms Kammerborn.png Cammerborn Rural community 275 Kammerborn City of Uslar Northeim March 1, 1974
Coat of arms Delliehausen.png Delliehausen Rural community 575 Delliehausen City of Uslar Northeim March 1, 1974
Coat of arms Dinkelhausen.png Dinkelhausen Rural community 403 Dinkelhausen City of Uslar Northeim March 1, 1974
DEU Eberhausen COA.png Eberhausen Rural community 233 Eberhausen Spots Adelebsen Goettingen 1st January 1973
DEU peas COA.png Peas Rural community 212 Peas Spots Adelebsen Goettingen 1st January 1973
Coat of arms Eschershausen (Uslar) .jpg Eschershausen Rural community 315 Eschershausen City of Uslar Northeim March 1, 1974
Fehrlingsen Rural community 79 Eastern part of ash City of Hardegsen Northeim April 1, 1937 in Ashes
January 1, 1973 in Ashes in Hardegsen
Coat of arms Fuerstenhagen (Uslar) .png Fürstenhagen Rural community 378 Fürstenhagen City of Uslar Northeim March 1, 1974
Coat of arms Gierswalde.png Gierswalde Rural community 435 Gierswalde City of Uslar Northeim March 1, 1974
Coat of arms Güntersen.png Güntersen Rural community 438 Güntersen Spots Adelebsen Goettingen 1st January 1973
Knobben-Delliehausen Manor 27 ? City of Uslar Northeim March 1, 1974
Coat of arms Lauenfoerde.png Lauenförde Rural community 1,173 Lauenförde Flecken Lauenförde
Samtgemeinde Boffzen 		Holzminden 1st January 1973
Coat of arms Lödingsen.jpg Lödingsen Rural community 562 Lödingsen Spots Adelebsen Goettingen 1st January 1973
Coat of arms Nienover.png Nienover Rural community 452 Nienover Patches Bodenfelde Northeim March 1, 1974
Nienover -Bodenfelde Forest district 0 ? Patches Bodenfelde Northeim March 1, 1974
Coat of arms Offensen.png Open Rural community 439 Open City of Uslar Northeim March 1, 1974
Coat of arms Neuhaus im Solling.jpg Prussian Neuhaus Rural community 171 Eastern part of Neuhaus im Solling City of Holzminden Holzminden Change of district: January 1, 1962
Incorporation: January 1, 1973
Reitliehausen Manor 53 Western part of Uslar City of Uslar Northeim March 1, 1974
Coat of arms Schlarpe.png Slouch Rural community 695 Slouch City of Uslar Northeim March 1, 1974
Coat of arms Schoenhagen (Uslar) .png Schönhagen Rural community 983 Schönhagen City of Uslar Northeim March 1, 1974
Coat of arms Schoningen.png Schoningen Rural community 1,015 Schoningen City of Uslar Northeim March 1, 1974
Coat of arms Silberborn.svg Silberborn Rural community 338 Silberborn City of Holzminden Holzminden 1st January 1973
Coat of arms Sohlingen.png Sohlingen Rural community 712 Sohlingen City of Uslar Northeim March 1, 1974
Steimke Manor 39 Vienna City of Uslar Northeim March 1, 1974
Coat of arms uslar.png Uslar Borough 2,529 Uslar City of Uslar Northeim March 1, 1974
Uslar-Schoningen Forest district 0 Schoningen City of Uslar Northeim March 1, 1974
Coat of arms Vahle (Uslar) .png Vahle Rural community 344 Vahle City of Uslar Northeim March 1, 1974
Coat of arms Verliehausen.png Verliehausen Rural community 435 Verliehausen City of Uslar Northeim March 1, 1974
Coat of arms Volpriehausen.png Volpriehausen Rural community 964 Volpriehausen City of Uslar Northeim March 1, 1974
Coat of arms Wahmbeck.png Wahmbeck Rural community 698 Wahmbeck Patches Bodenfelde Northeim March 1, 1974
Coat of arms Wibbecke.png Wibbecke Rural community 229 Wibbecke Spots Adelebsen Goettingen March 1, 1974
Wiensenwappen.jpg Vienna Rural community 463 Vienna City of Uslar Northeim March 1, 1974
Winnefeld - Würrigsen Forest district 28 -
or eastern part of Würgassen ( Hannoversche Klippen )		 Community-free area Solling
or city ​​Beverungen 		Northeim
or Höxter ( North Rhine-Westphalia )		 March 1, 1974
and October 1, 1971

Notes on this:

  • The corresponding table shows one or more smaller and so far unexplained errors regarding the population figures.
  • Würrigsen means today's Würgassen . At that time, the Hanoverian cliffs, which are located near Würgassen, also belonged to the Uslar district (it was not until 1971 that they came to the Höxter district in North Rhine-Westphalia).
  • The village of Neuhaus im Solling at that time consisted of two separate municipalities, the municipality of Neuhaus (also called Preußisch Neuhaus ) , which belongs to the Uslar district , with 171 inhabitants (1910) and the municipality of Neuhaus, which belongs to the state of Braunschweig, with 328 inhabitants (1910).

The district office of the Uslar district was located in the current administration of the city of Uslar on the southern Graftplatz. Even before that, it had been used for administrative purposes since the time of Freudenthal Castle.

Population development

year number comment
1890 17,432 including 157 Catholics & 159 Jews
December 1, 1900 18,524 including 18,121 Evangelicals & 209 Catholics
December 1, 1910 20,712 including 20,212 Evangelicals & 279 Catholics
1925 20,060 including 19,594 Evangelicals, 324 Catholics, 1 other Christian & 114 Jews

economy

Especially in the middle of the district around Uslar, the good loam and loess soils, in addition to a climate with around 190 to 200 days of precipitation , favored agriculture, while the loamy-sandy soils in the northern part of the district favored silviculture . These two branches therefore also dominated the economy of the district. A total of 322 km² was used for these branches of industry, in which 53% of the approximately 21,000 inhabitants were employed.

The company sizes were divided as follows:

up to 2 ha 2 to 5 ha 5 to 20 ha 20 to 100 ha larger than 100 ha
1,100 637 332 120 8th

These farms use the land as follows:

use size
Forests 17,898 ha
Farmland 10,671 ha
grasslands 3,077 ha
Pastures 1230 ha
Garden land 306 ha
Fruit growing 16 ha

The arable land was used in 1930 as follows:

use size
rye 2,807 ha
oats 2,207 ha
Potatoes 1,454 hectares
wheat 1,462 ha
Beets 346 ha
Winter barley 259 ha
Sugar beet 203 hectares
Spring barley 165 ha

In the pastures this year:

cattle number
Pigs 25,850
Cattle (mainly black and colored) 9,041
Goats 3,980
Sheep 3,871
Horses 1,794

Cattle breeding is particularly important here. The milk cow "Owner No. 6025" (born on October 9, 1910) of Sohlinger Mrs. E. Brandt should be mentioned, who had a lifetime production of 100,258 liters of milk , which was the world record at the time.

The Brecht poultry farm also existed in Ahlbershausen (at the point where a corresponding company is located today), the Weser was home to fishing and to the west of the Solling Railway, there was a trout farm near the Steimke .

Due to the importance of agriculture , the Uslar Agricultural School was founded in 1907, the location of which was the large white house on the so-called Postberg in Uslar, where the adult education center was located until 2009 .

In terms of forestry , 24,400 cubic meters of hardwood and 24,800 cubic meters of coniferous wood were felled as timber , while 37,500 and 800 cubic meters, respectively, were felled for firewood . Here mainly the oak and the spruce were felled.

Furthermore, on June 16, 1925, the 559 companies in industry and crafts employed 4,344 people. 748 people were employed in the 295 trades in trade and transport and the 19 other companies employed 42 people.

Granite was mined in the southern part of the district (the quarry of the Hermann Wegener an der Bramburg north of Adelebsen, the quarry of the Basaltwerke Niedersachsen GmbH on the Backenberg near Güntersen, the quarry of the Hannoversche Basaltwerke mbH on the Grefenburg between Adelebsen, Barterode and Güntersen). This was processed on site, among other things, into paving stones as well as split and gravel and partly, such as B. from Güntersen, brought by cable car to Adelebsen for loading.

In the eastern part of the Burbach potash works in Wittekind, potash salt has been mined underground to depths of up to 917 m since 1898 . This happened in the eastern part of Volpriehausen and northeast of Ertinghausen (Hildas Glück mine), for which a cable car was specially set up. To the north of Delliehausen, lignite was mined in an open-cast mine (later converted into a paint factory, which also no longer exists today). There was also a lignite deposit south of Allershausen, although even then it did not meet the qualitative requirements.

Up to the First World War there were brickworks in Allershausen (existing buildings still in the southeast of the village), Vienna and Uslar.

The wood from the forest industry was processed in the furniture factories in Uslar , which at the time already enjoyed a worldwide reputation and could also be described as very large by the standards of the time. Mention should be made here of the company Ilse & Co. in the north and south-west of Uslar (on the site of today's old people's home at the Rewe supermarket as well as today's family plant) for the production of small furniture, the United Möbelfabriken Neugarten & Eichmann (today's large residential building on the so-called Postberg in Uslar, at the time 10,000 m² of work space) and Sollinger Holzwarenfabrik GmbH (formerly sugar factory ) near the Bollens football field (the latter factory burned down in the mid-1980s, the ruins are still there). All factories were merged with the Ilse works after the district was dissolved. Another wood industry was the H. Löwenherz company in Lauenförde, which was already renamed Herlag in the time of the district (and still exists today), the charcoal burning near Delliehausen and the tobacco pipe making in Uslar in small businesses. A large part of these was exported to North America , with the faces on the pipe bowls being those of the respective US presidents . In 1769 there were 9 pipe makers and the Meseke company exported more than 4.5 million pieces in 1854. In 1918 this profession died out in Uslar for good.

The wood was also used for the iron industry , in particular for the Sollinger Hütte , which was divided into three operations at the so-called upper and lower huts and the copper hammer (all in Uslar).

Other operations include the royal model bleaching north of Sohlingen on the site of today's cable manufacturer Kordes with its 250 workers per year, on whose site a flax rotting plant was later built after bankruptcy (which, however, also went under in the 1950s).

Well-known local producers of food and beverages were:

Cigars were also manufactured in small businesses , which is a reminder of this in Uslar today.

It should be mentioned here that all the companies had very good connections to the railway network through three railway lines (see below). So was z. For example, the basalt loading in Adelebsen made the railway line from Göttingen to Bodenfelde one of the most profitable in the German Empire.

coat of arms

Coat of arms of the Northeim district in which that of the Uslar district has been received

The right half of the Uslar district coat of arms and in particular the lion there - the heraldic animal of the Welfs , who ruled over Uslar for a long time until the province of Hanover was founded - was later ( July 22, 1948 ) incorporated into the coat of arms of the Northeim district . The silver antlers on a blue background in the left half of the Uslar district coat of arms corresponds to the coat of arms of the Counts of Dassel , extinct in 1325 , who ruled the district up to the Guelphs, see Grafschaft Dassel .

District administrators

Seal of the district administrator
Gustav (Adolf) Fischer, District Administrator 1922–1925

The district had the following district administrators:

Period Surname
1885 to 1882 Arthur Emil Bredt
1882 to 1893 Councilor Hartog
March 15, 1893 to September 30, 1911 Carl Siegert
October 11, 1911 to 1912 Otto Dilthey (acting)
1912 to September 11, 1915 Otto Dilthey
September 14, 1915 to January 1922 Konrad Göppert
February 15, 1922 to July 18, 1925 Gustav (Adolf) Fischer
December 1, 1925 to November 30, 1926 Hans Lucas (acting)
December 1, 1926 to March 31, 1930 Government Councilor Karl Langsdorff
April 8, 1930 to 1931 District Administrator Wilhelm Jaenecke

Streets in Uslar were named after Carl Siegert and Gustav Fischer in the 1970s. The several months in which the post was not filled in 1925 stems from the death of Gustav Fischer.

traffic

From the 20th century onwards, the district area was very well developed by rail, except for the northwest:

Uslar was the junction of the following roads:

  • Privinzial chaussee Nörten –Lauenförde (built 1828–1832), today's Bundesstraße 241 ,
  • Provinzialchaussee Uslar – Bodenfelde (built 1844–1848), today's district road 449,
  • Uslar – Bovenden / Göttingen road (completed by 1860), today's Landstrasse 554,
  • Uslar – Dassel road (completed by 1860), today's Landstrasse 548.

In total, there were 42 kilometers of roads and 94 kilometers of country roads in the district.

The Weser port in Bodenfelde was the largest between Hannoversch Münden and Polle at the time . Thanks to the excellent rail connections from and to the consumers and producers resident in the district, coal , gravel and stones as well as potash and table salt , grain and wood were loaded.

Others

  • The newspaper “Sollinger Nachrichten”, founded in 1861, was published for the Uslar district , and from 1923 onwards it was regularly supplemented by the “Sollinger Heimatblätter” as a supplement for local history. The forerunner was the "Wochenblatt der Stadt Uslar".
  • The district assets on April 1, 1930 amounted to 819,156.82 Reichsmarks .
  • In 1930 there were a total of 32 schools in the district with 79 school classes for 2,300 students. The largest was in the current citizens' office of the city of Uslar on the northern Graftplatz.
  • In 1930 the Allgemeine Ortskrankenkasse Uslar had 3,798 male and 960 female insured persons.
  • The Kreissparkasse Uslar (located in the house of the agricultural school) housed 1,457 accounts at the end of 1930.
  • The majority of the population of the district was Protestant-Lutheran .
  • The district council existed on November 29, 1925 with 10 seats each for the SPD and the "economic association".

literature

  • Sollinger Heimatblätter , issues 1/1985 and 2/1985
  • Wilhelm Jaenecke, Freiherr von Stempel and Erwin Stein: Monographs of German districts , Volume VI: The district of Uslar . Deutscher Kommunalverlag GmbH Berlin-Friedenau 1930; 164 pages with numerous illustrations and maps

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ District regulations for the province of Hanover (1884), page 42
  2. ↑ a b 125 years of the Northeim district: The Northeim district is formed and is changing ( memento of the original from September 26, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Retrieved July 20, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.landkreis-northeim.de
  3. ↑ Ordinance on the reorganization of offices in the Kingdom of Hanover 1859, page 670
  4. ^ Prussian State Ministry, § 66, Ordinance on the reorganization of districts, from August 1, 1932 Preußische Gesetzessammlung, Berlin 1932; No. 43 , R. von Deckers Verlag, G. Schenk, 1932, pages 255-273
  5. ↑ Dietmar Wieneke, Helmut Schreckenbach: pattern bleach. In: Heimatpflege Uslarer Land. Retrieved July 20, 2017 .