Adelebsen

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the municipality of Adelebsen
Adelebsen
Map of Germany, position of the municipality of Adelebsen highlighted

Coordinates: 51 ° 35 '  N , 9 ° 45'  E

Basic data
State : Lower Saxony
County : Goettingen
Height : 187 m above sea level NHN
Area : 75.85 km 2
Residents: 6245 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 82 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 37139
Primaries : 05506, 05502Template: Infobox municipality in Germany / maintenance / area code contains text
License plate : GÖ , DUD, HMÜ, OHA
Community key : 03 1 59 001
LOCODE : DE ADE
Community structure: 7 districts
Address of the
municipal administration: 		Burgstrasse 2
37139 Adelebsen
Website : adelebsen.de
Mayor : Holger Frase ( SPD )
Location of the municipality of Adelebsen in the district of Göttingen
Niedersachsen Staufenberg Hann. Münden Scheden Bühren Niemetal Jühnde Dransfeld Adelebsen Friedland Rosdorf Göttingen Bovenden Gleichen Landolfshausen Seulingen Waake Seeburg Ebergötzen Duderstadt Obernfeld Rollshausen Rüdershausen Rhumspringe Wollershausen Gieboldehausen Wollbrandshausen Bodensee Krebeck Walkenried Bad Sachsa Bad Lauterberg im Harz Herzberg am Harz Herzberg am Harz Herzberg am Harz Hattorf am Harz Hattorf am Harz Wulften am Harz Elbingerode Hörden am Harz Osterode am Harz Bad Grund (Harz) Harz (Landkreis Göttingen) Harz (Landkreis Göttingen) Harz (Landkreis Göttingen) Landkreis Goslar Landkreis Northeim Landkreis Northeim Hessen Thüringen Sachsen-Anhaltmap
About this picture
Merian engraving by Adelebsen around 1650

The spots Adelebsen is a municipality in Lower Saxony , about 15 kilometers west of Gottingen at the Schwülme is. It has 6245 inhabitants and belongs to the district of Göttingen . The Adelebsen patch consists of the core town of Adelebsen and the districts of Barterode , Eberhausen , Erbsen , Güntersen , Lödingsen and Wibbecke .

history

The village of Adelebsen was first mentioned in 990 with the name Ethelleveshusen . In that year, the future Emperor Otto III. his sister Sophie's lands here. The sandstone cliff towering over the village and the road (through the Schwülmetal to the Weser) was made for a castle complex. In the 13th century, the Lords of Wibbecke moved here from their nearby village and built a castle on the rock, which was first mentioned in a document in 1295, and from then on called themselves by the name of Adelebsen , which was still known at the time was under the modification of de Adelevessen .

On May 1, 1394, the place received from the land and court lords the "Weichsbildrecht", which represented a kind of right to self-administration. From this, in 1693, the name "the stain" developed. For the entire period from the 13th century to 1852, Adelebsen was in the patrimonial court established by the landlords of Adelebsen . An exception, however, was Adelebsen's brief membership in the Kingdom of Westphalia . Towards the end of the 15th century there was a feud between the Lords of Adelebsen and Landgrave Wilhelm von Hessen , in which the Duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg Erich I participated in favor of those of Adelebsen. There was a real war between the Brunswick and the Hessian Landgrave, who burned down part of Barterode in 1497, took the church there and made many prisoners and then turned against Adelebsen in 1503. However, Erich I got ahead of the Landgrave of Hesse, fortified Adelebsen and left a strong garrison in the place. The feud and the war ended when the Hessian Landgrave renounced his feudal sovereignty over Adelebsen, which would henceforth be owned by Erich I from Brunswick.

Like many other places in southern Lower Saxony, Adelebsen suffered from the turmoil of the Thirty Years' War . Although a letter of protection was issued for the village, this could not prevent the general Tilly from destroying large parts of Adelebsen in 1629 . The devastating damage continues to be reported well into the post-war years.

The Lords of Adelebsen did not have to worry about financial sources of income, however, because in addition to the court and police regulations established in 1543 , the landlords issued all possible rights regarding the sources of income that should offer them a life befitting their class. So it came about that the right of concession for brewing, jug food, trading businesses and some handicraft businesses and the fair were the most lucrative sources of income and the Lords of Adelebsen obtained their income, in the financial and material area, mainly from the tax system. In addition, the protection of Jews fell under this, from which income was generated through housing and protection money.

From an economic point of view, Jewish businessmen played an increasingly important role in Adelebsen since the beginning of the 19th century. In 1811 there were 97 Jews among the 1168 inhabitants of the village. In 1859, 15 of the 23 shops in the town were run by Jewish citizens, which earned Adelebsen the nickname "Little Jerusalem". On the night of the pogrom of November 9, 1938 , the local synagogue was destroyed by SS members from Göttingen who were presumably sent to Adelebsen for this purpose. In the period that followed, all Jewish residents were deported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp , from which only one survivor returned at the end of the war.

The basalt mining of the nearby mountains Bramburg, Grefenburg and Backenberg , which began around 1870 , made Adelebsen the location of an important quarry industry.

From 1885 to 1932 Adelebsen and its localities belonged to the district of the neighboring city of Uslar in the northwest . This was then united with the Northeim district. It was only on 1 January 1973 from the Adelebsen was district Northeim in Göttingen district outsourced.

In March 1993, the place hit the headlines nationwide when the "Autonome Antifa (M)" from Göttingen with around 2,000 participants, a large number of them helmeted and masked in the Black Block , carried out a demonstration against a training center of the NPD in Adelebsen.

Place name

Former place names of Adelebsen were in the years 990 Ethelleueshuson, 1162 Adeleuissen, 1234 Adelevessen, 1241 Adelevessen, 1253 Adelewessen and 1258 Adelevesen. The name goes back to the settlement of "Athal-levo".

legend

A legend gives a different explanation of the origin of the name: A Fraulein named Adelheid was court maid of the wife of Heinrich the Vogelstellers and was very popular with the king. She was engaged to a knight Dietmar, and when the wedding was imminent, the king promised to give her as much land as a bridal gift as she could ride around in a day. The king was just staying at his castle near Göttingen (Grona Castle). In one day Adelheid rode around a large piece of land and thus gained ownership of it. Dietmar and Adelheid then built a castle for themselves after their marriage, about an hour from the current castle, which they called Adelheidshusen, from which the name Adelebsen became. Later, at the time of the black death, the old castle was abandoned by its inhabitants and the castle that still exists today was built. The residents of the village, which had arisen at the foot of the old castle, also asked for permission to grow at the foot of the new castle and received it. This is how the Adelebsen patch came about. The castle Adelebsen however, dates from the 13th century and is thus younger than the settlement.

Incorporations

On January 1, 1973, the communities Barterode, Eberhausen, Erbsen, Güntersen, Lödingsen and Wibbecke were incorporated.

politics

Municipal council

The municipal council election on September 11, 2016 in Adelebsen led to the following result:

Party / list Share of votes +/-% p Seats
SPD 50.72% + 1.02 10
CDU 25.85% - 2.94 5
FWG Pro Barterode 6.17% + 6.17 1
WG GL 4.58% + 4.58 1
FDP 3.43% + 3.43 1
NPD 3.4% + 3.4 0
FWG Pro peas 3.33% - 0.07 0
The party 2.51% + 2.51 0

mayor

On January 22nd, 2006 the 29-year-old CDU politician Dinah Stollwerck-Bauer was surprisingly elected mayor with 58% against her competitor Norbert Hilke ( SPD ). As his successor in the runoff election on October 6, 2013, the candidate Holger Frase (SPD) prevailed against candidate Elke Vetter (CDU) with 68.68% of the votes cast. The turnout was 55.72%. Frase took office on January 27, 2014.

Coat of arms, flag and seal

  • coat of arms

  • Hoist flag

  • seal

Blazon : "On a shield diced six times from blue and silver, a golden bordered heart shield, which shows the silver Adelebs castle tower above a silver battlement wall in blue."

The coat of arms was approved by the Lower Saxony Ministry of the Interior in 1956. It is derived from the coat of arms of the barons of Adelebsen , who carried a split and double-split shield in blue and silver. The coat of arms was supplemented by the heart shield with the castle tower.

Description of the flag: "The flag has blue and white stripes with a coat of arms in the middle."

Description of the seal: "The official seal of Adelebsen contains the coat of arms of the municipality with the inscription" Flecken Adelebsen, Landkreis Göttingen "."

Twin cities

Attractions

See also List of Natural Monuments in Adelebsen and List of Architectural Monuments in Adelebsen

Adelebsen Castle

Adelebsen Castle

Adelebsen Castle was built in the 13th century by the Lords of Wibbecke, who moved their ancestral home here. The approximately 40-meter-high residential tower with a pentagonal floor plan dates back to the middle of the 13th century; the complex was supplemented by other buildings in the Renaissance and Baroque periods and transformed into a castle. The palace complex also includes a terraced garden on the slope to the Schwülmetal and a large estate complex in the valley below the palace.

Evangelical Lutheran St. Martini Church

Martini Church

The St. Martini Church in Adelebsen was built in the 13th century. At the latest for the 15th century there are testimonies of a local church community, when on January 6th, 1419 Albrecht von Bernßen is mentioned in a document , who appears as patron of the altar St. Spiritus. The city of Göttingen undertook to sell him and the owner of the altar, Cord Kornegel , six small rooms of wine and a quarter for church services for 18 marks a year . Another document from 1443 reports on wax and wine deliveries that existed until 1856. Until the Reformation , the Adelebsen parish church belonged to the district of the abbot of Bursfelde . Exactly when the Reformation entered Adelebsen is not known, but if indirect evidence is used, it becomes apparent that a church visitation carried out by Anton Corvinus in the Principality of Göttingen in 1542 proved that, apart from Nörten-Hardenberg and the Marienstein Monastery, all religious institutions in the country had absorbed the Lutheran ideals of faith. A document from 1564 says that the local parish church and Christian doctrine leave and vacate here, which suggests that the old faith gradually had to give way to the new denomination. Bodo VI. (1519–1580) pushed the Reformation, although his position as governor of Duke Erich II meant that he had a certain proximity to an enemy of the new doctrine of the faith. At that time, the lords of Adelebsen can also be identified as those who exercised the jus patronatus over their property. A ducal letter of March 12, 1594 confirms this right. The church building in its current form no longer resembles the original structure and dates from different times. The oldest part is in the area of ​​the choir , which was once the private chapel of the Lords of Adelebsen. Later, the nave was built higher and wider than the older part at this point . The renaissance pulpit dates from 1562 while the altar is of baroque origin. The expansion probably took place after the Thirty Years' War , when the area of ​​Adelebsen enlarged, favored by the influx of residents from the surrounding destroyed villages.

Catholic Church of St. Hedwig and Adelheid

After the Second World War , a large number of Catholic, mostly Silesian, expellees came to Adelebsen. In 1949 Baron Georg von Adelebsen made the tithe barn belonging to Adelebsen Castle available to the Diocese of Hildesheim for a Catholic church. A chancel was added to the barn provided and in 1950 Bishop Godehard von Hildesheim consecrated the church.

The tithe barn is a half-timbered building from 1577. In the past, tithe was collected and stored here. Like the entire castle area, the building is now a listed building.

Reynhardeshagen desert

Chapel ruin Reynhardeshagen

About 3 kilometers west-southwest of the castle is the Reynhardeshagen desert in the Schwülmetal , whose late Gothic chapel ruins are located directly on the 554 road. It is a simple rectangular building made of sandstone, the gable walls of which are still well preserved. In the center of the south-eastern gable wall is a pointed arched window with tracery remains , on the north-western gable wall the octagonal approach of a gable rider. The chapel was first mentioned in 1445 and was written Maria consecrated. In some publications, the ruin is also referred to as the "Old Reinshagen Church". In addition to the ruins of the chapel, the ruins of a guard tower have been preserved near the Schwülme, which secured the historic street in the Schwülmetal. The former chapel was donated by Reinhard von Adelebsen, who served as a squire for Heinrich the Fat in 1101 and accompanied Heinrich the Lion on his pilgrimage to Jerusalem in 1172. On this occasion Reinhard collected various relics and arranged for the foundation of the chapel to keep the shrines there. In 1199 the chapel was inaugurated and confirmed by the Archbishop of Mainz Konrad I von Wittelsbach . According to legend, miracles happened at this chapel, which attracted many visitors and caused pilgrimages . It received a particular rush during the parish fair, which also attracted merchants and created a fair. To give shelter to the numerous pilgrims, the descendants of Reinhard von Adelebsen cleared the area around the chapel and founded the village of Reynhardeshagen.

Stone Workers Museum

Stone Workers Museum

A museum was set up in a former half-timbered school building with a teacher's apartment in the village in 1994, the focus of which is on the documentation of the everyday life of stone workers in the basalt quarries of the Backenberg, Bramburg and Grefenburg. In addition to working life, the private environment is also shown. The museum is run on a voluntary basis by a registered association.

Jewish Cemetery

The Jewish community in Adelebsen was one of the larger rural Jewish communities in the region in the 19th century. During the Nazi dictatorship, it was destroyed by deportation, murder and pressure to emigrate; the synagogue was destroyed during the November pogroms in 1938 . The cemetery, which was laid out on a steeply sloping plot to the west of the village, was preserved. There are over 200 tombstones that were restored between 1999 and 2004. The oldest tombstone is dated to 1733.

traffic

Adelebsen station, the station building is unused in 2017

Adelebsen station is on the Göttingen – Bodenfelde railway line .

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the place

People who worked in Adelebsen

  • Johannes Lebek (1901–1985) wood cutter, graphic artist and book illustrator

literature

  • Rudolf Eckart: History of Adelebsen according to archival sources . In: History of South Hanoverian castles and monasteries . tape 5 . Bernhard Franke, Leipzig 1895.
  • Herbert Mundhenke : The Patrimonial Court Adelebsen. A contribution to the historical geography of the Principality of Göttingen . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1941.
  • Cord Alphei: History of Adelebsen and Lödingsen . Goltze, Göttingen 1990, ISBN 3-88452-760-6 (also: Göttingen, Univ., Diss., 1990).
  • Museum Association for Stone Work and Rural Everyday Life (Ed.): Moving Times. Adelebsen in the post-war years 1945 to 1955 . Adelebsen 1999.
  • André Ausmeyer: Ortssippenbuch Adelebsen, The residents' book of Adelebsen from 1653 to 1950 , 2nd, expanded edition 2014, Uslar 2014 ISBN 978-3933334251 .

Web links

Commons : Adelebsen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Adelipsen in the Topographia Braunschweig Lüneburg (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts
Wikivoyage: Adelebsen  - travel guide

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ State Office for Statistics Lower Saxony, LSN-Online regional database, Table 12411: Update of the population, as of December 31, 2019  ( help ).
  2. ↑ a b Main statutes of the Adelebsen area (PDF) . Retrieved March 23, 2011.
  3. ^ Rudolf Eckart: History of Adelebsen according to archival sources . In: History of South Hanoverian castles and monasteries . tape 5 . Bernhard Franke, Leipzig 1895, p. 38 .
  4. ↑ Christoph Fricke: All about 'dat fest hus'. 1000 years of Adelebsen and Lödingsen . In: Göttinger Jahresblätter . tape 13 , 1990, ISSN  0172-861X , pp. 70 .
  5. ^ Jürgen Udolph (research): The "place name researcher". In: website NDR 1 Lower Saxony . Archived from the original on December 7, 2015 ; accessed on August 2, 2019 .
  6. ^ Georg Schambach / Wilhelm Müller: Lower Saxon sagas and fairy tales. Göttingen 1855, p. 15. at Zeno.org , accessed on September 17, 2014
  7. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 213 .
  8. ↑ Municipal Data Processing Center South Lower Saxony (KDS)
  9. ^ Result of the runoff election for the mayoral election 2013 on October 6, 2013, Flecken Adelebsen , accessed on October 25, 2013.
  10. ↑ StadtRadio Göttingen : Frase takes office as mayor in Adelebsen , accessed on January 27, 2014.
  11. ↑ Stadler, Klemens, Deutsche Wappen, Volume 5, Bremen 1970, p. 15
  12. ^ Main statutes of the Adelebsen patch
  13. ^ Peter Ferdinand Lufen: District of Göttingen, part 1. Altkreis Münden with the communities of Adelebsen, Bovenden and Rosdorf . In: Christiane Segers-Glocke (Hrsg.): Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany. Architectural monuments in Lower Saxony . tape 5.2 . CW Niemeyer, Hameln 1993, ISBN 3-87585-251-6 , p. 78-82 .
  14. ^ Rudolf Eckart: History of Adelebsen according to archival sources . In: History of South Hanoverian castles and monasteries . tape 5 . Bernhard Franke, Leipzig 1895, p. 5 .
  15. ↑ Hans Pusen : Lower Saxony . The mountain and hill country in the south. 2nd Edition. Sigmaringendorf 1987, ISBN 3-8235-1002-9 , p. 81 .
  16. ↑ St. Hedwig and Adelheid on the homepage of the St. Godehard parish , accessed on September 17, 2014.
  17. ^ A b Peter Ferdinand Lufen: District of Göttingen, part 1. Altkreis Münden with the communities of Adelebsen, Bovenden and Rosdorf . In: Christiane Segers-Glocke (Hrsg.): Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany. Architectural monuments in Lower Saxony . tape 5.2 . CW Niemeyer, Hameln 1993, ISBN 3-87585-251-6 , p. 82 f .
  18. ↑ for example in the topographic map 1: 25,000, sheet 4424 Dransfeld, published by the Lower Saxony state administration office - state surveying - 1991
  19. ^ Rudolf Eckart: History of Adelebsen according to archival sources . In: History of South Hanoverian castles and monasteries . tape 5 . Bernhard Franke, Leipzig 1895, p. 22 .
  20. ↑ Homepage Steinarbeitermuseum , accessed on October 15, 2018.
  21. ↑ Berndt Schaller , Eike Dietert: On the steep slope. The Jewish cemetery in Adelebsen - memory of a destroyed community. Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2010. ISBN 978-3-941875-14-2 ( PDF ).