Bilshausen
| coat of arms | Germany map | |
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Coordinates: 51 ° 38 ' N , 10 ° 10' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Lower Saxony | |
| County : | Goettingen | |
| Joint municipality : | Gieboldehausen | |
| Height : | 176 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 8.49 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 2190 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 258 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 37434 | |
| Area code : | 05528 | |
| License plate : | GÖ , DUD, HMÜ, OHA | |
| Community key : | 03 1 59 005 | |
| LOCODE : | DE BHJ | |
| Address of the municipal administration: |
Sandweg 1 A 37434 Bilshausen |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayoress : | Anne-Marie Kreis ( CDU ) | |
| Location of the community of Bilshausen in the district of Göttingen | ||
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Bilshausen is a municipality of the Gieboldehausen combined community in the Göttingen district in southern Lower Saxony ( Germany ).
geography
Bilshausen lies on the western edge of the Rotenberg and on the northern edge of the Untereichsfeld and is traversed by the Rhume in a south-east-north-west direction , the edge of which is designated as the nature reserve Rhumeaue / Ellerniederung / Gillersheimer Bachtal . The place is located about 23 km northeast of Göttingen and 15 km southwest of Osterode am Harz . The neighboring communities are Lake Constance , Gieboldehausen , Wulften am Harz and Katlenburg-Lindau .
history
According to the legend, the name of the place originated from the fact that the Saxon immigrants who founded the village worshiped the pagan god Biel there . The place name research, on the other hand, as in most places with the ending -hausen , takes on the reference to a personal name, in this case the short name Bili , which is traced back to the Old Saxon bil = "sword, ax". The foundation probably took place around the 8th to 10th century AD.
Bilshausen is mentioned in the deed of foundation for the Pöhlde monastery, dated 952, which is, however, a forgery from the 13th century. However, some barrows in the "Great Mountain" testify that the area around Bilshausen was already settled in the Bronze Age. In 1242, Bilshausen and the former church came into the possession of the Teutonic Knights through a gift from Margrave Heinrich , who then sold it to the Lords of Plesse in 1318 and moved on to Göttingen. The coat of arms of the community, a blue shield with three silver sloping bars, corresponds to the coat of arms of Bertram von Bilshausen, who was an order holder in Bilshausen in 1314. From 1322 onwards, Bilshausen belonged politically to the Bishop of Hildesheim , although it was ecclesiastically subordinate to the Archbishop of Mainz ( Archbishopric Mainz ), whose electorate it was then politically assigned to in 1492, together with the office of Lindau, for more than 300 years. After 1802 Bilshausen came temporarily to Prussia and the Kingdom of Westphalia and, after the Congress of Vienna, with the Untereichsfeld to the Kingdom of Hanover , only to become “Prussian” in 1866. Bilshausen has been part of the Gieboldehausen municipality since the territorial reform of 1973, before it belonged to the Duderstadt district .
A serial killer comes from Bilshausen. The "angel maker" from St. Pauli , the former midwife Elisabeth Wiese (1853–1905), was sentenced to death by the jury court in Hamburg on October 15, 1904 for the murder of five children and other offenses and on February 2, 1905 in prison Executed with a guillotine in front of the Holsten Gate .
politics
Municipal council
The municipal council in Bilshausen consists of 13 councilors.
(Status: local election on September 11, 2016 )
Coat of arms, flag and seal
coat of arms
Hoist flag
seal
Blazon : "In blue three silver (white) sloping bars."
The coat of arms designed by Clara Gerlach from Duderstadt and awarded by the President of the Prussian Province of Hanover on June 9, 1938 is derived from the coat of arms of Bertram von Bilshusen, which was first mentioned in 1314.
Description of the flag: "The flag has blue and white stripes with a coat of arms in the middle."
Description of the seal: "The official seal of the community of Bilshausen contains the coat of arms of the community and the inscription" Gemeinde Bilshausen "."
Culture and sights
Catholic parish church of St. Kosmas and Damian
Today's Bilshauser Church presents itself as a successor to an older parish church , which was demolished before the Seven Years War . The new foundations finally had to wait until 1780 before the new building was to be erected on them in the following years until 1783. The Nesselröder master builder Johann Burchardt created a single-nave hall with a polygonal choir closure. The still existing Gothic tower from 1515 was also used in the new building. Ornate window keystones and identical portals on the north and south sides are part of the outer structure of the church with pilaster strips, which was built from red sandstone blocks. The outer walls are adorned with rounded, volutes, flowers, intertwined ribbons and column capitals . In the interior, the classical style dominates , in which the antique decor with egg stick, pearl stick and tooth cut friezes of the pilaster cornices is kept. These approaches can also be found on the stucco-decorated belt arches . The late baroque two-storey main altar with its white and gold frame fits into the bright mood of the church interior . The altarpiece comes from the Lindau parish church and has replaced the one originally in Bilshausen since 1985. In the round window of the rear choir wall, figures of the Trinity and a halo have been inserted, while fragments of medieval stained glass can be found in the two windows opposite the gallery . The organ was built in 1857 by the organ builder Johann Andreas Engelhardt from Herzberg and restored in 1984 by the organ building workshop Krell from Duderstadt. Since November 1, 2014, the parish of Bilshausen has also included the Catholic churches in Lindau , Krebeck and Renshausen .
Ev.-luth. Pauluskirche
The ev.-luth. Pauluskirche goes back to a foundation of North American Christians and was built in 1951. It is based on plans by the Darmstadt architect Otto Bartning . Bartning was known for his own style, which turned against the type of building design that was predominant in the 20th century based on older models. In this way, he realized several Protestant churches in Berlin , Essen and Karlsruhe, among others , which had a contemporary design. The Pauluskirche in Bilshausen is one of 33 churches of the diaspora chapel type , which were designed by Bartning as a prefabricated wooden framework with partially masonry walls and developed into a multifunctional construction through simple construction forms and material procurement. Glazed gable ends, an open roof structure and an adjoining common room, which allows passage to the church through a wall opening, are the structural features of the church. The church altar can be found in a niche that can be closed by wall flaps. Another special feature is the continuous wood paneling, which, according to Bartning, conveys comfort and closeness to the community. The church was consecrated on October 7, 1951. The Pauluskirche in Bilshausen was not included in the list of architectural monuments according to the Lower Saxony Monument Protection Act, but the Otto Bartning-Arbeitsgemeinschaft Kirchenbau eV started an initiative in 2012 to have existing type churches Bartnings jointly included in the list of UNESCO World Cultural Heritage as an area monument .
Chapel of St. Mary
On the eastern outskirts of Bilshausen there is a small Klus on the Hessenberg , which is also known as the Mother of God Chapel . It was built in 1801 in half-timbered construction and repaired in 2011. Inside there is a statue of the Virgin Mary from Val Gardena . The chapel is a listed building.
Economy and Infrastructure
Up into the 20th century, Bilshausen was predominantly agricultural, although many residents had to earn their living “abroad” (migrant work) by working from home or as traders and construction workers. Bilshausen was known for its straw and basketry, but especially for the canaries that were bred in Eichsfeld and Harz and sold from here to overseas. Since 1907, one of the largest cigar factories in Eichsfeld has employed many local women for almost 70 years.
Today the Jacobi-Tonwerke, founded in the 19th century in the south of the village and located in the Strohkrug district since 1934, make Bilshausen famous far beyond the borders of the Eichsfeld region. It is one of the few brick factories in the area that is still producing today. Furthermore, the commercial enterprise "Piller Dynasine GmbH" (a company of Langley Holding, England) has settled in the large industrial park "Im Alten Felde". The focus is on the assembly of UPS systems based on diesel generators and their testing.
education
The Catholic Kindergarten St. Bernardus goes back to the small children's school that opened in 1915 .
At the local elementary school, pupils from Lake Constance , Krebeck and Renshausen are taught together with the Bilshausen pupils. The Hauptschule was closed at the end of the 2008/2009 school year.
traffic
Bilshausen is on the now disused Leinefelde – Wulften railway line .
hike
Bilshausen is on the Solling-Harz-Querweg .
Others
Particularly noteworthy is the lively club life of the place. Over 20 clubs, including five sports clubs, three choirs and three music trains, are active in the place.
literature
- Hermann Bringmann: Bilshausen: History of a village in Eichsfeld. Part 1: From the beginnings to the 30 Years War. Local history and tourist association Bilshausen, Bilshausen 1981
- Hans Reinhard Fricke: Bilshausen - from the 17th century to the present. Verlag Mecke Duderstadt 2016
- Klaus Freyberg: 1050 years of Bilshausen. In: Eichsfeld. Volume 46, 2002, pp. 329-330.
- Klaus Freyberg: Bilshausen, Eichsfeld as it used to be. Geiger, Horb am Neckar 1998, ISBN 3-89570-477-6 .
- Heribert Rudolph: To the traveling trade in Bilshausen. In: Eichsfeld. Volume 41, 1997, pp. 312-314, Volume 42, 1998, pp. 52-54.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ State Office for Statistics Lower Saxony, LSN-Online regional database, Table 12411: Update of the population, as of December 31, 2019 ( help ).
- ↑ Kirstin Casemir, Uwe Ohainski, Jürgen Udolph: The place names of the district of Göttingen . In: Jürgen Udolph : Lower Saxony Local Name Book (NOB) , Part IV. Publishing House for Regional History , Bielefeld 2003, ISSN 0436-1229 , ISBN 3-89534-494-X , p. 52 f.
- ↑ Streich, Gerhard: Monasteries, monasteries and comers in Lower Saxony before the Reformation, Verlag August Lax, Hildesheim 1986, p. 42.
- ↑ On regional and administrative reform, cf. Blazek, Matthias: From the Landdrostey to the District Government - The History of the District Government Hanover in the Mirror of Administrative Reforms , Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-89821-357-9 .
- ^ Wosnik, Richard: Contributions to Hamburg criminal history with special consideration of the criminal museum according to sources and documents, Vol. 1, Issue 2, Hamburg 1926, pp. 41-59.
- ↑ https://wahlen.kdgoe.de/2016kw/Daten/159402_000123/index.html
- ↑ Wappenbuch Landkreis Duderstadt, 1960, pp. 17 + 29
- ^ Main statute of the community of Bilshausen
- ↑ Paulus Church in Bilshausen. Retrieved April 4, 2013 .
- ^ A b Peter Ferdinand Lufen: Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany. Architectural monuments in Lower Saxony , vol. 5.3: Göttingen district, part 2 . Altkreis Duderstadt with the communities Friedland and Gleichen and the combined communities Gieboldehausen and Radolfshausen, ed. from the Lower Saxony State Administration Office –Institute for Monument Preservation–, CW Niemeyer, Hameln 1997, ISBN 3-8271-8257-3 , p. 87 f.
- ^ Telephone information from the Lower Monument Protection Authority, December 2012
- ↑ Heinz Hobrecht: Pauluskirche is to become a world cultural heritage. Göttinger Tageblatt, November 12, 2012, accessed on April 4, 2013 .
- ↑ Bartning-Typenkirchen as a UNESCO World Heritage Site on the homepage of the Otto Bartning-Arbeitsgemeinschaft Kirchenbau eV, accessed on April 4, 2012
- ↑ Rolf-Günther Lucke, Josef Keppler, Maria Kapp, David Bleckmann, Monika Tontsch, Ulfrid Müller, Mandref Kahlmeyer, Helmut Godehardt, Torsten W. Müller: The churches in Eichsfeld . Church and art guides. Ed .: Association for Eichsfeldische Heimatkunde e. V., Heimatverein Goldene Mark [Untereichsfeld] e. V. 2nd, edited and expanded edition. Mecke Druck und Verlag, Duderstadt 2011, ISBN 978-3-936617-92-4 , p. 42 .
- ↑ 100 years of the St. Bernardus Bilshausen Kindergarten on the website of the Göttinger Tageblatt , accessed on June 26, 2015.
- ↑ Eichsfelder Tageblatt of June 18, 2009, ghs-bilshausen.de ( Memento of July 31, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ).
Adelebsen | Bad Grund (Harz) | Bad Lauterberg in the Harz Mountains | Bad Sachsa | Bilshausen | Lake Constance | Bovenden | Charging | Dransfeld | Duderstadt | Boar idols | Elbingerode | Friedland | Gieboldehausen | Same | Göttingen | Hann. Münden | Hattorf am Harz | Herzberg am Harz | Hörden am Harz | Jühnde | Krebeck | Landolfshausen | Niemetal | Obernfeld | Osterode am Harz | Jump | Rollshausen | Rosdorf | Rüdershausen | Scheden | Seeburg | Seulingen | Staufenberg | Waake | Walkenried | Wollbrandshausen | Wollershausen | Wulften am Harz
Community-free area in the district of Göttingen
Harz (district of Göttingen)