Adelebsen Castle
| Adelebsen Castle | ||
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 Adelebsen Castle |
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| Creation time : | 1234 | |
| Castle type : | Höhenburg , rock castle | |
| Standing position : | Free nobles | |
| Place: | Adelebsen | |
| Geographical location | 51 ° 34 '38 .6 " N , 9 ° 44' 54.6" E | |
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The original Adelebsen Castle , which was later converted into a castle , is a well-preserved, medieval complex on a sandstone rock in Adelebsen , about 15 km west of Göttingen in the district of Göttingen . It was about 800 years the seat of baronial sex those of Adelebsen that in 1957 with the death of George Baron of Adelebsen in the male line died out. Today the castle complex belongs to the Adelebsen Castle Foundation.
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location
The rock castle is located on a foothill of the Solling and was built on a mountain spur southeast of the village of Adelebsen. The valley of Schwülme runs south of the castle . In the past, an army route ran through this valley from the Leine to the Weser . Today the road 554 runs here.
history
The place Adelebsen was 990 under the name Ethelleveshusen in connection with a donation of lands by King Otto III. first mentioned in a document to his sister Sophie. There is little reliable information about the beginnings of the castle complex. At the beginning of the 13th century, the Lords of Wibbecke settled from their ancestral home located nearby on the sandstone cliff overlooking the village and built the castle here in the following years. In 1234 the family was first mentioned in a document under its new name de Adelevessen . The first mention of a permanent house on the mountain spur comes from 1253, the castle was first mentioned in 1295.
The castle complex was built during several construction periods in the 14th century. In its entirety, the castle comprises the castle hill, which is made of red sandstone and slopes down to the adjacent Schwülmetal in a steep slope of 30 m, the terraced mountain garden and the farmyard in the valley. The castle was divided in the north into the outer bailey , with the only preserved castle gate, and the central upper castle.
The castle was set on fire in 1466 by the Bishop of Hildesheim and, like the town of Adelebsen, was badly damaged in the Thirty Years' War . The reconstruction work on the castle began around 1650. The castle was converted into a palace in 1740 through building extensions. For this purpose, the ditch separating the main castle from the outer castle was filled in. Also created other buildings, as in 1685, the Forestry House, 1749 Rentei and a 38 m deep castle well with treadmill . Around 1900 the castle received a mansard roof .
investment
The oldest part of the castle that can be dated is the nine-story residential and defense tower . The dating was done by the castle researcher Joachim Zeune after an examination of the tower. Characteristic of the late 14th century are, among other things, the lack of humpback blocks, the use of fragments of roof tiles in wall joints, stone carving marks and the Gothic window on the west side. In the first construction phase from approx. 1370 to 1380, the lower three floors were built. In the second phase from around 1420 to 1440, the seven floors above were built, 6 of which are still preserved today. The tower is 38.75 m high on the rock side and partly pentagonal and hexagonal. The wall thickness in the lower area is 4.30 m, but decreases with increasing height to up to 1.70 m. The high entrance is 4 m above the courtyard area, the rooms on the second and third floors are equipped with chimneys.
Today the tower is empty and houses the largest colony of building-breeding jackdaws in southern Lower Saxony.
Adelebsen Castle Foundation
The Burg Adelebsen Foundation is a private foundation under civil law. It was founded in 1947 by Georg Freiherr von Adelebsen, the last of his name. The purpose is to maintain the castle complex and the manor grounds below. For this purpose, the income from agriculture and forestry belonging to the foundation as well as the rented apartments are used. The foundation is administered by Count Simeon Wolff-Metternich , a great-grandson of Georg Freiherr von Adelebsen.
literature
- Ernst Andreas Friedrich : The castle Adelebsen. In: If stones could talk. Volume IV, Landbuch-Verlag, Hanover 1998, ISBN 3-7842-0558-5 , pp. 79-81.
- Markus C. Blaich , Sonja Stadje, Kim Kappes: Burg und Schloss Adelebsen in: The Heldenburg near Salzderhelden, castle and residence in the Principality of Grubenhagen , (= guide to the prehistory and early history of Lower Saxony. 32) Isensee Verlag , Oldenburg, 2019, p. 134-137.
Web links
- Entry by Stefan Eismann about Adelebsen Castle in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute
- Adelebsen Castle at burgen.de
- Reconstruction drawing by Wolfgang Braun
- Homepage of the Adelebsen Castle
Individual evidence
- ^ Edmund Freiherr von Uslar-Gleichen: Contributions to the family history. Hanover 1888, p. 362.
- ↑ Adelebsen Castle. on: burgen.de , accessed on October 17, 2014.
- ↑ Awesome structure of the Adelebsen castle tower. In: Göttinger Tageblatt. July 6, 2012, accessed October 16, 2014.
- ^ Eckart Schröder: Medieval systems in Adelebsen . In: Guide to archaeological monuments in Germany - City and District of Göttingen . tape 17 . Stuttgart 1988, ISBN 3-8062-0544-2 , p. 163 .
- ↑ Göttingen Ornithologists Working Group (AGO): The Jackdaw (Coloeus monedula) - Bird of the Year 2012 - in southern Lower Saxony. accessed on October 30, 2014.
- ↑ Foundation data on stiftungen.org , accessed on October 20, 2017.