Pollen

This article deals with the area of ​​Polle in the district of Holzminden; for other places with this name, see Polle (disambiguation) .

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 51 ° 54 '  N , 9 ° 24'  E
Basic data
State :	Lower Saxony
County :	Holzminden
Joint municipality :	Bodenwerder pollen
Height :	90 m above sea level NHN
Area :	21.2 km 2
Residents:	1184 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	56 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	37647
Area code :	05535
License plate :	HOL
Community key :	03 2 55 033
Association administration address:	Münchhausenplatz 1 37619 Bodenwerder
Website :	www.polle-weser.de
Mayoress :	Ulrike Weißenborn (independent, for the GREENS )
Location of the municipality of Polle in the Holzminden district

Polle is a spot in the district of Holzminden in Lower Saxony ( Germany ), belonging to the bodenwerder-polle on.

geography

The community is located in the middle of the Weserbergland directly on the Weser . It borders Vahlbruch and Brevörde in the north, Bevern in the east and Heinsen in the south . In the southwest and west, the municipality border is also the state border with North Rhine-Westphalia , namely with the city of Höxter ( district of Höxter ) and the city of Lügde ( district of Lippe ).

The course of the Weser also follows a geological fault line near Polle , with a different stratigraphy to be found on the west side of the river than on the east side due to different tectonic uplift rates. Polle is located on the west side of the Weser, which is dominated by carbonate rocks .

The geomorphology of the river landscape is also characterized by glacial gravel deposits near Polle, which were formed by sedimentation of corresponding materials in the glacial valley on the south side of the glaciers that advanced from north to south during the last three glacial periods . The current course of the river was formed by the erosion effect of the river that formed in the glacial valley when the glacier retreated after the last glacial period. The gravel deposits allow the extraction of well to very well classified gravel and sands in the course of the Weser. Loess soils can be found in the Weser Valley as well as on the corresponding slopes , the thickness of which increases on less steeply sloping surfaces, thus providing a fertile basis for agriculture in today's rural area.

history

Polle on a map of the Electoral Hanover Land Registry , 1783

Polle was first mentioned in a document in 1285. The place name is probably based on its location on a loop in the Weser, into which a protruding poll in the sense of head or point protruded. Then Polle Castle , which fell into disrepair in the 18th century, was built with a settlement. In 1407 the castle was conquered by the brothers Heinrich I and Bernhard I of Braunschweig . The result was that the existing properties of the Counts of Everstein in the area did not remain in the hands of Count Hermann von Lippe, who had received them from the last Count of Everstein, but fell to the House of Braunschweig. A contract defining ownership was signed in Polle in 1409. When the Guelf inheritance of 1495 between Heinrich the Elder and Erich I , in which the Principality of Calenberg arose, Polle became part of the same.

When the army led by General Johann T'Serclaes von Tilly besieged and looted Polle Castle in 1623 during the Thirty Years' War, Polle also suffered damage. In the Seven Years' War , Polle was sacked by French troops in 1757 after the Battle of Hastenbeck . Until the end of 2010, Polle was a state-approved resort .

On October 23, 1943, an Allied Avro Lancaster B Mark III bomber of the 57th Squadron crashed southwest of Polle. The pilot Alexander Novick ( RCAF ) and the bombardiers Edgar Francis Taylor (RAFVR) and William Raymond Minter ( RAAF ) were killed. Four other inmates became prisoners of war. Forced laborers were used on the Heidbrink domain belonging to Polle during World War II . In March 1945 there was a transfer of French prisoners of war who stayed overnight on the domain and were under guard. In 1940/41, a camp for French soldiers was built in the former residence of the Ritterhof, which existed until the mid-1960s, which - separated by a fence - existed until the end of the war and was not accessible to the population. The camp inmates were assigned to work on the farms in Polle, Heinsen and the neighboring village of Brevörde. There were numerous similar institutions within the community area.

At the end of the Second World War , Polle was fiercely contested. The place was in the defense area of ​​Kampfgruppe Goerbig under Major General Paul Goerbig and should be held with all strength. Around 1000 soldiers (two Waffen-SS companies , four Wehrmacht companies ) and three Panzerkampfwagen VI Tiger II (probably from Panzerabteilung 507) were to hold Polle and positions in Falkenhagen as a bridgehead. On April 6, 1945, the residents fled to the surrounding forests. On April 7, US troops from the 331st Infantry Regimental Combat Team of the 83rd Infantry Division attacked from Brevörde, but were stopped and suffered heavy losses. Almost non-stop artillery fire from the Köterberg and Wilmeröder Berg and a fighter-bomber attack on April 7th were supposed to force the German troops to give up. On April 8, the west and north wings of the castle were hit and destroyed, and a further 33 houses - including the old and the new office building - were on fire. A Tiger tank was abandoned on Reichsstrasse 83 due to a lack of ammunition and fuel . The approaching Americans lost two US tanks of the type M4 Sherman to bazooka fire, but were able to take Polle from house to house. The German troops withdrew across the Weser with rafts because the ferry had been blown up. 14 German soldiers, 68 US soldiers and some civilians died in the fighting in Polle. In the local chronicle of Johann Prigge, 30 German soldiers are mentioned who are said to have fought directly in Polle; including four around 14-year-olds who died.

In the second half of the 20th century, Johann Prigge kept a local chronicle with numerous pictures, drawings, photos and texts on Polle.

Population development

Panoramic view of the village from the keep of the Polle castle ruins

Polle castle ruins with Weser ferry

• 1843: 1209 inhabitants
• 1848: 1219 inhabitants
• 1864: 1190 inhabitants
• 1885: 1151 inhabitants
• 1905: 1037 inhabitants
• 1925: 1063 inhabitants
• 1933: 1156 inhabitants
• 1939: 1126 inhabitants
• 1996: 1317 inhabitants
• 2006: 1182 inhabitants
• 2009: 1125 inhabitants
• 2011: 1102 inhabitants
• 2017: 1183 inhabitants

Culture and sights

Castle ruins

→ Main article : Polle castle ruins

Polle and castle ruins in the 19th century

The ruins of Polle Castle on a hill about 25 m high above the municipality of Polle are striking castle ruins in the Weser Valley. It is located directly to the east and below the Weser loop bordering the castle. (Coordinates: 51 ° 53 '53.5 ″  N , 9 ° 24 ′ 25.6 ″  E ) The complex was first mentioned in 1285 as "Everstein Castle" and is considered one of the ancestral castles of the Everstein Counts . During the Thirty Years War it was destroyed by Swedish troops in 1641 and remained in ruins. Today it can be visited. Cultural events take place in the courtyard several times a year . In addition to concerts, numerous art exhibitions that contributed to the cultural life of the village took place in the Poller Castle area; In some areas of the castle there are exhibits of exhibits from these events. Archaeological excavations were carried out in the castle from 2007 to September 2009 - the finds can be viewed in the castle museum.

• 

  Main castle

• 

  View from Polle Castle to the Weserbogen and the ferry

• 

  View of the town from Polle Castle

• 

  Postcard view of Polle with Weser and Burgberg from 1908

• 

More buildings

Cinderella's shoe at the Polle castle ruins

• The Evangelical Lutheran Church of St. George from 1699
• The Roman Catholic Church of St. Joseph from 1958

Culture

Polle is part of the German Fairy Tale Route and the alleged "home" of Cinderella , which is regularly performed by the local amateur theater group in the castle ruins. Every one to two years there is also a historical re-performance of the wedding of Baron von Münchhausen with the bollard Bernhardine von Brunn in Bodenwerder and Polle. These projects are financially supported by the European Union as part of the German fairytale landscape.

The Poller Pumpkin Market has achieved national recognition.

politics

Municipal council

2011 municipal election

Wbt .: 58.61% (2006: 59.07%)

 %

50

40

30th

20th

10

0

40.67%

37.89%

21.44%

Green

SPD

PWG ^c

Remarks:

^c Poller constituency

After the local elections on September 11, 2011 , the municipal council consists of:

• GREEN : 5 seats
• SPD : 4 seats
• Poller constituency (PWG): 2 seats

Local election 2016 seats:

• Greens: 4
• SPD: 3
• PWG: 4

mayor

Mayor is the non-party Ulrike Weißenborn, who was a candidate on the Alliance 90 / The Greens list.

coat of arms

Blazon : “In blue a silver castle with two tin towers, floating above a golden pot helmet with a golden peacock plume as a crest ornament. In the open gate a golden crowned, golden reinforced and red gezungter silver lion. "The Silver Castle, the former Polle is that today is only preserved as a ruin and after the 1284 counts of Everstein its eponymous main castle Everstein had lost to their headquarters on the Weserbogen. Similarly, references helm , winning the Silver Lion and the crest back to this count. Polle already had a council constitution as Burgflecken in 1374 and was the collection point for the Weser customs, but older stain seals have not survived. The current seal was awarded in 1934 by the Prussian State Ministry .

Economy and Infrastructure

In 1901 the Bohmhauer GmbH forwarding company was founded in Polle. From 1916 to 1947 there was a quarry of the Norddeutsche Hütte AG south of the village , which mined shell limestone. In 1935 the forwarding company "Wilke Transporte" was founded. In 1960 the first holiday village opened in the Weser Uplands, the bungalow holiday village "Holiday Park" with twelve double bungalows. In 1966 Volksbank Polle eGmbH merged with Volksbank Holzminden eGmbH ; from 1970 renamed Volksbank Weserbergland . In 1983 the L & M Palettenfabrikation OHG was founded by Wilhelm Lüders in Polle, later relocated to Vahlbruch. In 1986 the Kreuder golf course and sports facilities GmbH was founded. Today there are also the “Poller Quarries” and the “Müller Staircase Construction”, the only economic structures that go beyond the provision of the village. In 2010 a village renewal project was successfully completed in Polle.

traffic

The roller ferry in Polle

The federal road 83 connects Polle with Holzminden and Bodenwerder and over the state road 427 with Schwalenberg and after a junction over the state road 426 with Bad Pyrmont .

The closest train station is Holzminden. There are bus connections in the direction of Hameln, Bodenwerder, Bad Pyrmont and Holzminden.

In the course of the county road 32 east of the castle ruins a roller ferry is operated. The Weser ferry runs between Polle and the district of Heidbrink and on to Bevern . The ferry service started in 1905. The Holzminden district has owned the ferry system since 1994.

Trivia

On October 18, 1988, an RAF Germany phantom fighter plane crashed into a forest area just a few hundred meters from Polle. For further details see Vahlbruch .

In 1991/92 the shooting of the series Der große Bellheim took place on the grounds of the castle ruins : Max Reuther, retired trade unionist (portrayed by Hans Korte ), is an amateur actor at the open-air theater in Polle, before he was brought back to the company by Peter Bellheim ( Mario Adorf ) becomes. However, the location is not mentioned by name.

Personalities

• Ernst August Rumann (1746–1827), German lawyer and Minister of Justice of the Kingdom of Hanover from 1816 to 1827
• Eberhard von Graevemeyer (1806-1892), Hanoverian bailiff in Polle
• Victor von Alten (1817-1891), district president and member of the Reichstag ( German Center Party )
• Christian Schünemann (1853–1933), master bricklayer, building contractor, founder of the Karl Schünemann construction company in Hanover-Ricklingen, which he named after his father. The Schünemannplatz in Hanover is named after his son Karl (1881–1934)
• Hans-Hermann Jantzen (* 1945), Lutheran theologian and state superintendent for the Lüneburg district of the Evangelical Lutheran regional church of Hanover

Web links

Commons : Polle  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Commons : Historic Buildings in Polle  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Wikivoyage: Polle  - travel guide

Wikisource: Polle in the Topographia Braunschweig Lüneburg (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

• Official website
• Initiative for local history research in Polle on the Weser

Individual evidence

1. ↑ State Office for Statistics Lower Saxony, LSN-Online regional database, Table 12411: Update of the population, as of December 31, 2019  ( help ).
2. ↑ http://gruene-polle.de/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/A_F_20111119_TAH_Polles_erste_gruene_Buergermeisterin_hat_keine_Mehrheit_im_Rat.pdf
3. ↑ Ernst Andreas Friedrich: Die Burgruine Polle, p. 152, in: If stones could talk. Volume IV
4. ^ Hermann Guthe : The Lands of Braunschweig and Hanover . Shown geographically with consideration for the neighboring areas. Klindworth's Verlag, Hannover 1867, p. 420 .
5. ↑ 57 Squadron Lancaster III JB237 DX-Z Fl / Lt. Novick, RAF East Kirkby, Polle, Germany, Kassel Operation October 1943. aircrewremembered.com, January 29, 2017, accessed on July 2, 2017 . 
6. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from November 29, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
7. ^ Wedding symbolizes the merger of the two integrated communities , Deister and Weser newspaper, July 6, 2010
8. ↑ http://wahlen.kds.de/2011kw/Daten/255408_000029/index.html
9. ↑ http://wahlen.kds.de/2006kw/Daten/POL/6_3_000255033E.html
10. ^ Flecken Polle - Members - Municipal Council Polle. Retrieved June 23, 2017 . 
11. ↑ Klemens Stadler: German coat of arms Federal Republic of Germany . The municipal coats of arms of the federal states of Lower Saxony and Schleswig-Holstein. tape 5 . Angelsachsen-Verlag, Bremen 1970, p. 66 .
12. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from September 11, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
13. ↑ Schünemannplatz> Chronicle. Retrieved June 23, 2017 .