Heinrich I. (Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel)
Heinrich I of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (* June 24, 1463 ; † June 23, 1514 , died near Leer ), called the Elder , was Duke of Braunschweig and Lüneburg and from 1503 until his death Prince of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel .
Life
His parents were Wilhelm II of Braunschweig-Lüneburg (1425–1503) and Elisabeth zu Stolberg (1428–1520 / 21), daughter of Count Botho zu Stolberg .
Duke Heinrich enjoyed a warlike upbringing and was an opponent of urban freedoms and promoter of sovereign power throughout his life. At a young age he fought against Einbeck and Hildesheim. In 1486, shortly after his marriage, he besieged the city of Hanover with his father-in-law's armed retinue , but could not achieve any success. On November 24, 1490, he attempted a surprise attack on Hanover, but this was foiled by Cord Borgentrick . Even when he found himself in a conflict with the city of Braunschweig from 1492 to 1494 that devastated the surrounding area, the prince remained victorious.
In 1492 he was involved in the Sternberg host-molester trial , as a result of which 27 Jews were burned at the stake and the rest of them had to leave Mecklenburg .
During the Saxon feud (1514-1517) he led an army of 20,000 men against the East Frisian Count Edzard ( Cirksena ). During the siege of Leerort fortress, which was only defended by a few farmers and soldiers , he was killed by a targeted cannon shot. The troops that became leaderless as a result withdrew from East Friesland .
Heinrich was buried in the Marienkirche in Wolfenbüttel .
progeny
Heinrich I married Katharina von Pommern († 1526), daughter of Duke Erich II of Pomerania , in August 1486 .
- Johann
- Christoph (1487–1558), Archbishop of Bremen , Bishop of Verden
- Katharina (1488–1563) ∞ Duke Magnus I of Saxony-Lauenburg († 1543)
- Heinrich II. (1489–1568), called the Younger
- Franz I (1492–1529), Bishop of Minden
- Georg (1494–1566), Archbishop of Bremen, Bishop of Verden
- Erich (1500–1553), fallen
- Wilhelm (before 1514–1557), Commander of the Mirow Commandery
- Elisabeth (before 1514– ??), Abbess of Steterburg
literature
- Horst-Rüdiger Jarck , Dieter Lent et al. (Ed.): Braunschweigisches Biographisches Lexikon - 8th to 18th century . Appelhans Verlag, Braunschweig 2006, ISBN 3-937664-46-7 , p. 322 .
- Heinrich Schmidt: Heinrich the Elder. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 8, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1969, ISBN 3-428-00189-3 , p. 350 ( digitized version ).
- Ferdinand Spehr : Heinrich the Elder . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 11, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1880, p. 491 f.
- Friedrich Steger: The house of the Guelphs. Braunschweig 1843, pp. 153-161.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Volker Honemann: The Sternberger desecration of the host and its sources. 2008, with reference to the single-sheet print by Simon Koch: Van der mishandelinge des hilligen Sacraments der bosse ioden to den Sternberge. Magdeburg, 1492.
- ↑ In the lit. also indicated differently: April 1487 . - See BEI DER WIEDEN / SCHMIDT, Handb. Historical sites: Mecklenburg u. Pomerania. (1996). - pp. 334-338. [Family table: Princes of Pomerania].
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Wilhelm II. |
Duke of Braunschweig and Lüneburg Prince of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel 1503–1514 |
Henry II |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Heinrich I. |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, Heinrich I. von |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Duke of Brunswick |
| DATE OF BIRTH | June 24, 1463 |
| DATE OF DEATH | June 23, 1514 |
| Place of death | at empty |