Commandery Mirow

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Former Johanniterkirche Mirow (from the south)

The Commandery Mirow was a commandery of the Order of St. John in Mirow in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania , which was first mentioned in 1226 and existed until 1648.

history

The Mirow Commandery was first mentioned when Prince Heinrich Borwin II donated 60 Hufen land to it in 1226  . In the confirmation of this foundation by Borwin's sons, a village of Mirow is already mentioned. By 1242 at the latest, the settlement on the banks of the lake had developed into a commandery . In the following centuries the property of the order grew steadily. At the end of the 13th century , the Commandery was given gifts by Margrave Albrecht II of Brandenburg with the villages of Zootzen (1283), Gnewitz (1285), Dabelow and the now desolate Klein Karztavel (both 1286).

In the following years the Johannitern, under the protection of the Lords of Werle , succeeded in increasing their property. In addition to the main estates Mirow, Peetsch, Fleeth (both now part of Mirow), Wokuhl, Gnewitz and Dabelow, Gaarz , Dambeck , Qualzow and Schillersdorf were added.

In the course of the 16th century, the dukes of Mecklenburg gained greater influence over the occupation of the commander and the appointment of commons during the course of the sixteenth century, with ongoing disputes with the master masters of Sonnenburg . After the last influential Mirow Komtur, Liborius von Bredow, died in 1541, there was a power struggle between the Dukes of Mecklenburg and the Lord Master of the Order of St. John. The latter set Sigismund von der Marwitz as the new commander. At the same time, Duke Wilhelm von Braunschweig, a brother of Heinrich II. Von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, successfully sought the position with Duke Johann Albrecht I of Mecklenburg . Von Marwitz retired to the master of the Knights of St. John. This sued the dukes of Mecklenburg for breach of the peace at the Reich Chamber of Commerce. The process took a long time. In the meantime, in the course of the violent inheritance dispute between him and Johann Albrecht, the Mecklenburg Duke Ulrich had also found interest in the Commandery. The inheritance dispute was settled in 1556 with the Ruppin power ruling by the Brandenburg Elector Joachim II . But the Mirow Commandery was excluded. Joachim II, however, made sure that Wilhelm von Braunschweig remained in office until his death in 1552. Then the younger brother Johann Albrechts Christoph took over the office. The disputes persist. Since Christoph had become coadjutor in Riga and administrator in Ratzeburg , Ulrich and Johann Albrecht I shared the commandery administratively.

After Karl I registered his brother Ulrich's claims to power, he tried to offer him the commandery as compensation and influenced the master of the Johanniter. He also succeeded in promoting Charles I to the office in 1564. Johann Albrecht I tried for similar reasons, he wanted to enforce the primogeniture , to apanage his son Sigismund August with Mirow. This failed because of the resistance of Charles I and Sigismund August was satisfied with Ivenack and a compensation payment. It was not until 1648 that the question of ownership could be clarified, the commandery was secularized and large parts of the property of the commandery were converted into a ducal Mecklenburg administrative office based in Mirow.

Since the transfer of the Mirow order property to the ducal house of Mecklenburg at the end of the 16th century, the commandery house on the Mirow castle island was repeatedly used as a princely residence before it was destroyed by a major fire on the castle island in the 18th century.

Priorities (Commander), administrators

Term of office Surname
1227 (fratres hosp. S. Joh. in Accon)
1249 Ekbert
1251-1252 Heinrich
1256 Ekbert
1270 Arnold
1272-1273 Heinrich von Hohnstedt (Honest)
1277 M. (= Mauritius), commander in Mirow and Werben
1288 Mochovius
1296-1298 Alexander
1309-1322 Heinrich von Wesenberg
1323 Heinrich von Korff
1339-1341 Rupert von Mansfeld
1344-1361 Otto von Stendal
1361 Johannes von Ilten (Ylten)
1376 Heinrich von Heimburg
1387 Detlev von Wallmoden (Walmede)
1397-1404 Ekkard von Freyberg
1429-1434 Engelke von Warburg
1438 Walter von Walsleben
1447 Hans von Buch (von der Buke)
1454-1468 Bernd von Plessen
1468 Engelke von Warburg
1470-1503 Joachim von Wagenschütz
approx. 1509-1527 Melchior from Barefoot
1528-1541 Liborius von Bredow
1541 Siegmund von der Marwitz
1541-1552 Wilhelm (before 1514–1557), son of Duke Heinrich I of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel
1552-1564 Christoph , Duke of Mecklenburg
( administrative: Johann Albrecht I and Ulrich , Dukes of Mecklenburg)
1564-1610 Charles I , Duke of Mecklenburg

Johanniterkirche

The only remaining building from the time of the Komtur is the Johanniterkirche (castle church). Parts of it date from the 14th century - originally a brick Gothic hall , which was expanded and rebuilt over the centuries.

literature

  • Georg Christian Friedrich Lisch : To the history of the Johanniter-Ordens-Comthurei Mirow . In: Yearbooks of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology. Vol. 4 (1837). Pp. 51-86. ( Full text , digitized version )
  • Georg Christian Friedrich Lisch : Modern history of the Johanniter-Comthurei Mirow . In: Yearbooks of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology. Vol. 9 (1844). Pp. 97-110. ( Full text , digitized version )
  • Gottfried Wentz : The Order of St. John in the Diocese of Havelberg. Commanderies Mirow, Gardow and Nemerow . In: Ders .: Germania sacra. Historical-statistical representation of the German dioceses, cathedral chapters, collegiate and parish churches, monasteries and other church institutes . Abt. 1, Vol. 2 (1933), pp. 368-398.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Information from Wentz (1933), p. 384f. - In Lisch (1837), p. 85, sometimes different years and different forms of names.
  2. ↑ Joseph Dela Ville de Roulx: Cartulaire général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem v. 3 (1260-1300). 819 p., Ernest Leroux, Paris, 1899 Online at Biblioteca Nacional Digital , p. 349, document number 3627
  3. ↑ Joseph Dela Ville de Roulx: Cartulaire général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem v. 3 (1260-1300). 819 p., Ernest Leroux, Paris, 1899 Online at Biblioteca Nacional Digital , p. 439, document number 3818

Coordinates: 53 ° 16 ′ 36 ″  N , 12 ° 48 ′ 35 ″  E