Upcoming Wietersheim

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Wietersheim Castle. Today's picture is determined by the renovation of 1825.

The Kommende Wietersheim was a branch of the Order of St. John in Wietersheim in today's Minden-Lübbecke district (North Rhine-Westphalia). It was first mentioned in 1322. When exactly it was acquired cannot be said due to the lack of documents. In 1325 a further donation was made from Provost Heinrich von Lippe. Wietersheim belonged to the Minden bishopric , which was added to the Principality of Minden in 1648 and came under the rule of the Electorate of Brandenburg. In 1719 the Principality of Minden was combined with the County of Ravensberg to form the Prussian administrative unit of Minden-Ravensberg . In 1799 the building and land complex was sold for 103,000 thalers. However, the commander itself still existed formally, the commendator now received the annual interest income on the purchase price. In 1810/11 this money coming was dissolved, the commander resigned.

history

The Kommende Wietersheim was first mentioned in a document in 1322. The then Komtur Heinrich Knigge confirmed the possession of a serf to the Loccum monastery . When exactly the coming one was acquired cannot be said due to the lack of documents. In 1322, the Kommende acquired properties in Päpinghausen from the Dominican convent of St. Marien in Lemgo and also took on services for the church in Windheim. In the same year Jordanus Gen. Voss the Coming confirmed the ownership of the goods that his ancestors had once made for the Dominican convent in Lahde. With the move of the monastery to the city of Lemgo, these properties had now been sold to the Kommende Wietersheim. In 1323 the squire Reiner von Wietersheim der Kommende sold the Gogericht over the villages of Wietersheim and Päpinghausen. In 1324 the master of the Ballei Brandenburg Gebhard von Bortfelde bought six Hufen Landes in Frille von Detward von Elz for the Kommende Wietersheim for 50 marks from Bremen silver according to Minden weight . And in 1325 the Johanniter bought further goods in Päpinghausen and in Holzhausen from the Minden cathedral provost Heinrich von Lippe for 100 marks from Bremen silver . In 1418 the commander received the church in Reher and the priory court there from the dukes Bernhard, Otto and Wilhelm von Braunschweig-Lüneburg . In 1367 there seems to have been attempts by the General President Warberg to combine the branches in Braunschweig , Gartow , Goslar , Süpplingenburg , Werben and Wietersheim into one (large) coming party, with headquarters in Süpplingenburg. In 1457 the dukes Friedrich and Bernhard von Braunschweig the Coming gave the church in Hillentrup . No later purchases or sales are known. A convent is not mentioned until 1518. To conclude from this, as Wilfried Engel did, that there was no convent before and only the Komtur lived in the Kommende, is doubtful.

The coming was severely damaged by the Hildesheim collegiate feud of 1519-23. Soon afterwards there were disputes between Bishop Franz I of Minden and the Minden estates, which were settled in 1525 through the so-called Wietersheim settlement through the mediation of Duke Heinrich II of Braunschweig-Lüneburg . It can be assumed that the negotiations took place in the Kommende Wietersheim. The commander of the Kommende Wietersheim belonged to the group of prelates in the Minden estates. Around 1528 and 1542 the master master Veit von Thümen tried to sell the Kommende Wietersheim. In the end, however, they did not lead to success despite potential buyers; the reasons are not known. With the Reformation, the Ballei Brandenburg, which had been largely independent since the 14th century, converted to the Protestant faith. The majority of the order remained Catholic as the Order of Malta. As a result, there were repeated attempts to win back individual comedians for the Order of Malta, which had remained Catholic. In 1581, Wilhelm von Loeben, a Catholic commander, came to Wietersheim for three years. In 1584, Bishop Hermann von Minden resigned and under his evangelical successor Heinrich , the Brandenburg Ballei received its commander back.

During the Thirty Years' War the Grand Prior of the Order of Malta succeeded once more in occupying the Kommende Wietersheim with a Catholic Commander. Commander Hillmer von Münchhausen, who was deployed in 1605, had to hand over the commander from 1628 to 1631 to the Catholic Commander Jacob Christoph von Andlau and thus to the Order of Malta. After the Battle of Breitenfeld in 1631, in which the Protestant side again gained a preponderance in northern Germany, Hilmar Ernst von Münchhausen was able to take possession of the Commandery again for himself and the Brandenburg Ballistic Authority.

However, the Swedes, who were allied with Catholic France from 1635 ( Swedish-French War ), seem to have given the Kommende Wietersheim again to the Order of Malta in 1641 and to Franz von Sonnenburg , who was briefly Grand Prior of the Order of Malta in 1682. It is not known whether Sonnenburg was in Wietersheim in these uncertain times and was actually able to take over. In any case, Hilmar Ernst von Münchhausen led the Kommende Wietersheim again after the Thirty Years' War. He died in 1671 and was in his possession for 66 years, apart from the interruptions in his tenure during the Thirty Years' War.

The Kommende Wietersheim belonged to the Minden bishopric until 1648 , which was opened in the Principality of Minden with the agreements in the Peace of Westphalia and came under the rule of the Electorate of Brandenburg . In 1719 the Principality of Minden was combined with the County of Ravensberg to form the Prussian administrative unit of Minden-Ravensberg . In 1799 the building and land complex was sold for 100,000 thalers and 3,000 thalers key money to the Minden district administrator and cathedral capitular Philipp Georg von Cornberg. The money deposited in cash by the buyer Philipp Georg von Cornberg was deposited in a bank and was to be used to buy a new, suitable commander. In spite of the sale, the commander continued to exist formally, the commendator now received the annual interest income from the deposited purchase price. In 1810/1, along with the Brandenburg ballot, the Geldkommende Wietersheim was dissolved. The last owner, Count Carl Wilhelm von Wartensleben, was paid 3,500 thalers in compensation.

The estate of the Kommende Wietersheim came to King Hieronymus Napoleon von Westphalen as a crown domain in 1810 . He gave the property to his illegitimate daughter Melanie von Schlotheim (1803–1876), whom he made Countess von Wietersheim. She married his (former) chamberlain Baron Carl von Schlotheim in exile in 1820 . The son Eduard Ernst Franz Johann Freiherr von Schlotheim, district administrator of the Minden district, sold the property to a Mr. Schmidt in 1869.

Commander / Commendators

  • 1322 Henricus Knighe
  • 1335 Heinrich Stapel
  • 1435–37 Heinrich von Redern, 1432 Komtur in Gartow, 1438 Komtur in Werben
  • 1438 Kurt von Redern, commander
  • Ludolph von Alvensleben until 1503, † 1503 buried in the chapel there
  • 1512–19 Segeband / Segebaude von Holle, † 1519 buried in the local chapel
  • 1520-27 Liborius von Bredow, was then Komtur in Mirow
  • 1530–45 Matthäus von Brandt, † 1545
  • 1546–80 Hans von Hering (en), a few years before 1545 coadjutor, from 1545 Komtur, † October 14, 1580 buried in the chapel there
  • 1581–84 Wilhelm von Loeben, catholic commander installed by the catholic grand master in Malta
  • 1584–86 Thomas von Brösigke
  • June 13, 1586–05 Jost von Hoppenkorff / Hoppenkorph, also Jobst von Honhorst, 1605 resignation
  • 1605 Hilmer Ernst von Münchhausen von Dornberg, received permission to marry in 1613
  • 1628–1631, 1637 Jakob Christoph von Andelau / Andlau, Catholic commander, also commander in Lage, Herford and Burgsteinfurt, Großbailli on Malta, procurator in the German order province
  • 1641, 1644 Franz von Sonnenburg, Catholic commander
  • after 1646–1671 Hilmer Ernst von Münchhausen, † 1671
  • 1671–73 David von der Marwitz auf Beverfelde, he had been made a Knight of St. John on July 12, 1635 by the master master at the time, Adam Graf von Schwarzenberg; then a captain in Sonnenburg
  • 8/18 September 1673 Achaz / Achatius von Borck / Borch, electoral Brandenburg Higher Appeal Court and Legation Councilor, captain of Prussian-Holland, hereditary lord of Quitteins and Rembten, was beaten by master Johann Moritz von Nassau to the Knight of St. John on December 10, 1652, † 6 March 1680
  • 1680–94 Ernst von Krockow, President of the Pomeranian court court, † September 17, 1694 in Berlin
  • February 26, 1695 Hans Georg von Marwitz, heir to Friedersdorf , Groß Rietz , Klein Rietz , Birkholz and Raßmannsdorf , † July 4, 1704 in Zerbst
  • October 12, 1705–15 Friedrich Freiherr von Heyden , General of the Infantry, † October 15, 1715
  • 1718 together Friedrich Godward Freiherr von Syberg , chamberlain, chief stable master and general of the cavalry († August 28, 1729) and Alexander Bernhard Freiherr von Spaen , Prussian major general, † December 11, 1743
  • 1746 Alexander Hermann Freiherr von Willich and Dysforth, † March 10, 1758
  • 1747–58 Friedrich Otto Freiherr von Wittenhorst zu Sonsfeld, royal Prussian lieutenant general † March 10, 1758
  • 1758–65 Erdmann Ludwig von Wülcknitz, introduced October 25, 1758, † May 2, 1765
  • 1765–97 Friedrich Wilhelm von Kleist (* August 8, 1717, † January 5, 1797), major of the cavalry, lived on the commander, introduced on August 25, 1765,
  • 1797 Caspar von Buchwald, royal Danish chamberlain and district administrator, knight of the Dannebrog Order , titular commander, since May 4, 1797. He resigned the commander to the following commander while retaining the title and the right to wear the commander's cross.
  • 1797–99 Alexander Friedrich von Knobelsdorf , General of the Infantry, introduced on July 5, 1797, † December 10, 1799
  • 1800–11 Carl Wilhelm Reichgraf von Wartensleben, Royal Prussian Castle Captain

Administrators and officials

From the 17th century onwards, the commander was mostly leased, and the administration was carried out by a bailiff.

  • 1671–78 Vierdung, bailiff
  • 1701-07 Müller, bailiff
  • 1710/11 Hoyern, bailiff
  • 1751–57 Deppen, bailiff

buildings

A church in Wietersheim is only documented for 1503. But one can assume that it had a previous building. In 1583 it was renovated again. In addition, a new church tower had been added at that time. The commander Hans Georg von der Marwitz (1695–1704) had the roof repaired and the church tower rebuilt during his tenure. Next to the church was a chapel from the end of the 15th century. The buildings of the Coming House were demolished in 1825 and today's castle was built in their place.

supporting documents

literature

  • Wilfried Engel: On the history of the Johanniter Commandery Wietersheim. In: On Weser and Wiehen. Contributions to the history and culture of a landscape, pp. 229-238, Mindener Geschichtsverein, Minden 1983
  • Christian Gahlbeck: Lagow (Łagów) or Sonnenburg (Słońsk). On the question of the residence formation in the Brandenburg ballot of the Johanniter from 1312 to 1527. In: Christian Gahlbeck, Heinz-Dieter Heimann, Dirk Schumann (eds.): Regionality and transfer history of the Knightly Order Coming of the Templars and Johanniter in north-eastern Germany and in Poland. Pp. 271–337, Lukas-Verlag, Berlin 2014 (Studies on Brandenburg and Comparative State History [9], also: Volume 4 of the "Writings of the State Historical Association for the Mark Brandenburg, NF") ISBN 978-3-86732-140- 2 (hereinafter abbreviated to Gahlbeck, Lagow (Łagów) or Sonnenburg (Słońsk) with the corresponding page number)
  • Olaf Schirmeister: Wietersheim - Johanniter. In: Karl Hengst (Hrsg.): Westfälisches Klosterbuch. Lexicon of the monasteries and monasteries established before 1815 from their foundation to their abolition, Part 2 Münster - Zwillbrock, pp. 489–493, Aschendorff, Münster 1994 ISBN 3-402-06888-5
  • Adolf Wilhelm Ernst von Winterfeld: History of the knightly order of St. Johannis from the hospital in Jerusalem: with special consideration of the Brandenburg ballot or the masterclass of Sonnenburg. XVI, 896 S., Berlin, Berendt, 1859 Online at Google Books (in the following abbreviated, Winterfeld, history of the knightly order with corresponding page number)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Robert Krumbholtz, Joseph Prinz: The documents of the diocese of Minden, 1301/1325. 454 pp., Aschendorffsche Verlagbuchhandlung, 1977.
  2. ^ Gahlbeck, Lagow (Łagów) or Sonnenburg (Słońsk), p. 311.
  3. ^ A b Franz Peter: Franz von Sonnenburg. Knight, Commander, Imperial Prince and Grand Prior of Germany in the Order of Malta 1608-1682. Universitätsverlag, Freiburg / Switzerland, 1977 ISBN 3-7278-0173-5 , p. 109.
  4. ↑ Winterfeld, History of the Knightly Order, p. 785.
  5. ↑ Winterfeld, History of the Knightly Order, p. 769.
  6. ^ Gahlbeck, Lagow (Łagów) or Sonnenburg (Słońsk), p. 292.
  7. ^ Christian Gahlbeck: A ball becomes evangelical. Self-assertion and change of the Johanniter-Ballei Brandenburg in the time of the Reformation and the beginning of absolutism. In: Enno Bünz, Heinz-Dieter Heimann, Klaus Neitmann (eds.): Reformations on site: Christian faith and denominational culture in Brandenburg and Saxony in the 16th century. Pp. 106-134, Lukas-Verlag, Berlin 2017, p. 113.
  8. ↑ a b c d e knight seats, p. 173 Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster - digital collections
  9. ↑ Winterfeld, History of the Knightly Order, p. 704.
  10. ↑ Justus Christoph Dithmar: Genealogical-historical message from the master masters of the knightly Order of St. John in the Marck / Saxony / Pomerania and Wendland velvet of the current master master Printz Carln, Printzen in Prussia Königl. Highness, election and installation, as well as those under the highest government on August 16 and September 20, 1731 in the same way as the knights' blows that happened on October 26, 1735 and their knight coats of arms and ancestral panels. Jeremias Hartmann, Frankfurt (Oder), 1735 Online at Google Books
  11. ^ Berliner Revue, Volume 11, p. 408. Online at Google Books
  12. ^ Berliner Revue, Volume 11, p. 408. Online at Google Books
  13. ↑ Hans Georg von Redern: On the history of the von der Marwitz family. Regesta, family tables and other materials. 148 p., Carl Heymann's Verlag, Berlin 1879, p. 118.
  14. ↑ a b Johann Gottfried Dienemann, Johann Erdmann Hasse (ed.): News from the Order of St. John, in particular of its mastership in the Mark, Saxony, Pomerania in the Wendland, as well as the election and investiture of the current master, Prince August Ferdinand in Prussia Königl . Your Highness, along with a description of the accolades held in 1736, 1737, 1762 and 1764. George Ludewig Winter, Berlin 1767 Online at Google Books , p. 105.
  15. ↑ Handbook on the royal Prussian court and state for the year 1796. 330 pp. Berlin, George Decker, 1796 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek digital (p. 29)
  16. ↑ Christian von Stramburg , Anton Joseph Weidenbach : Memorable and useful Rhenish antiquarian, which represents the most important and most pleasant geographical, historical and political peculiarities of the whole Rhine river, from its outflow into the sea to its origin: Middle Rhine. 3rd department, 6th volume, published by Rudolf Friedrich Hergt, Coblenz 1859 Online , p. 790
  17. ^ Finding aid A 219 Coming Wietersheim: The bailiff's Vierdung zu Wietersheim complaints against the official zu Haufsberg, because the subjects of the commandery demand that the prisoners be guarded. 1671
  18. ^ Finding aid A 219 Kommende Wietersheim: Betr. heirs of the blessed bailiff Müller zu Wietersheim and the praetensions made by them to the commandery. 1701-07.
  19. ^ Finding aid A 219 Kommende Wietersheim: Betr. the differences between the Justitiario of the Commandery Wietersheim and the bailiff Hoyern there. 1710-11
  20. ↑ finding aid A 219 Coming Wietersheim: the bailiff Deppens invoice for the work performed on the Commandery Wietersheim buildings and repairs, together with the corresponding surfaces. 1756

Coordinates: 52 ° 20 ′ 17 ″  N , 8 ° 57 ′ 3 ″  E