Upcoming Quanthof

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The Kommende Quanthof was a branch of the Order of St. John in Quanthof ( Benstorf district ) in the spots Salzhemmendorf ( Hameln-Pyrmont district , Lower Saxony). It is first mentioned in a document in 1318. Most authors assume that Quanthof was originally a commander of the Templars , who came into the possession of the Order of St. John after the dissolution of the Knights Templar in 1312. However, this cannot be proven in a document. In 1359 the Johanniter sold the Kommende Quanthof to the noble Mr. Siegfried von Homburg, the lord of a small aristocratic lordship around the Homburg near Stadtoldendorf .

location

The small settlement Quanthof lies between Benstorf (spots Salzhemmendorf ) and Mehle (town of Elze ), and belongs to Benstorf. According to the name and also according to the documented history, it was originally just a large farm, from which five smaller farms were only separated in 1512.

Before 1312 - Templar comers or original Johanniter comers?

Most publications assume that the Quanthof was a former Templar coming. It must be emphasized here that this assumption is not supported by a single instrument. The Templars had property in Harthem (desert, south of Marienfeld Abbey) in the Hameln area . Most of the Templars in Lower Saxony were actually passed over to the Order of St. John. Therefore it was / is commonly assumed that the Quanthof was also originally owned by the Templars. In the city of Hameln itself, however, no Tempelhof has been found. The names of the corridors, places, streets and houses do not contain any references to the Knights Templar in or near the city of Hameln. “The fact is that many Templar estates in Lower Saxony passed to the Order of St. John. Whether the Templar brothers were the previous owners of the Quanthof remains unproven. "

A document from 1420 suggests the opposite, i.e. This means that Quanthof was an original Johanniterkommende. In that year (1420) the Johanniter prior Heinrich in Braunschweig announced that Pope Clemens V had transferred all Templar goods in the dominions of Braunschweig, Lüneburg and Homburg to the Johannites in 1312 . The Quanthof was then part of the Homburg rulership. But he specifically removes the Quanthof from this list: Et presentim Curiam que vulgariter nuncupatur Quanthof que sita est et jacet in territorio homborgensi inter villam Benstorpe et meddele cum pleno jure et libertate ordinis nostre et publice apparet in priuilegiis nostri ordinis nobis data et indulta a Beatissimo patre nostro celestino diuina prouidencia pape tercii que sub tutela et protectione beati petri et pauli apostolorum et sedis apostolice sedis priuilegio sunt Roborati et communiti. The emphasis on priuilegiis nostri , ordinis nostre and nostri ordinis or nobis , suggests quite clearly that the Johanniter and not the Templars already owned the Quanthof by Pope Celestine III. (1191–98) were confirmed with all rights and freedoms. Like the other churches of the order, the Quanthof was exempt. The prior Heinrich of the Johanniter branch in Braunschweig could have had an old document. The deeds of the Quanthof could have come to the Johannishof in Braunschweig or the Kommende Süpplingenburg after its sale . The Brunswick archive of the Johanniterpriorei came to Süpplingenburg in 1543, where it was destroyed in a fire in the commendation building there in 1615. The authors, who assume that the Templars were originally coming, emphasize that the Templar estates in the Homburg rulership were also mentioned in particular, and they want to include Quanthof among them.

According to the document from 1318, in which the Quanthof is mentioned for the first time, Gebhard von Bortfelde was commander of the commander in Braunschweig, Goslar and Quanthof. The three widely separated comers were possibly in a historical context. The two other comers mentioned (Braunschweig and Goslar) were originally owned by Johanniter. In this context, it would be unusual if Quanthof had been a former Templar coming. The area around the Quanthof did not belong to the Principality of Braunschweig-Lüneburg , but to the noble lords of Homburg . The transfer of the Templars' property to the Johanniter turned out to be difficult in many German areas. In October 1317, the provincial chapter of the Johanniter order province of Alemania , who came together in Frankfurt / Main , commissioned Paolo da Modena , who came from Italy, to “claim the former Templar estates from the Archbishop of Magdeburg, the Bishop of Halberstadt, the former Templars and other spiritual and secular persons . ”This resolution states that up to this point in time (end of 1317) it had not yet been possible to take over the goods of the dissolved Knights Templar. The chapter also decreed that he himself could take possession of all goods that he could win for the Order of St. John and keep them for life. He was also allowed to keep part of the income from these goods himself. He was able to take over the former Templar commander Topfstedt in 1317; in a document dated December 16, 1317, he is shown as commander of Topfstedt, in a document of January 29, 1318, he is proven as commander of Topfstedt and Erfurt. In January 1318 he was able to conclude the Kremmen contract with the Brandenburg Margrave Waldemar, which regulated the transfer of the Templar estates in the Mark Brandenburg. In this certificate Gebhard von Bortfelde is mentioned as commander of Braunschweig and Goslar as one of only three Johanniter commendators named in this certificate.

In the summer / autumn, at a balivial chapter in the Kreuzhof in Magdeburg, da Modena appointed the Brunswick nobleman Gebhard von Bortfelde as his general procurator. At this time Gebhard von Bortfelde was already commander of the three commander Braunschweig Goslar and Quanthof. So between January and summer / autumn he would have taken over the (Templar) Kommende Quanthof in his function as commander of Braunschweig and Goslar.

In the Principality of Braunschweig-Lüneburg , Gebhard von Bortfelde was only able to achieve a contract with the last Templar commander, Duke Otto von Braunschweig, to transfer the Templars to the Order of St. John in 1321. It was not finally taken over until 1357. It would be astonishing if Gebhard von Bortfelde had succeeded in taking possession of a former Templar as early as 1318.

Regardless of whether it was originally coming from the Templars or originally coming from the Knights of St. John, with the beginning of documentary tradition, Quanthof was a coming from the Order of St. John.

history

At the time of its first mention in 1318, the Quanthof was under the rule of the noblemen of Homburg and their manor at Homburg Castle near Stadtoldendorf . And finally the Johanniter sold the Quanthof in 1359 to this noble family.

In 1152 the Homburg belonged to the domain of Heinrich the Lion, who had to cede the area to the diocese of Hildesheim in 1183 . As in the case of the Coming Braunschweig and Goslar, the Coming Quanthof Heinrich the Lion would come into question as the founder, or in the case of Quanthof a follower who accompanied him on the pilgrimage to the Holy Land. Bishop Adelog von Hildesheim lent half of the Homburg to the brothers Ludolf and Adolf von Dassel and the other half to the brothers Bodo and Berthold, who now called themselves von Homburg.

The Quanthof not only included twelve free hooves including meadows and pastures as well as the mill on the Saale, but also seven hooves at Sehlde on the field at Reinlevessen (desolate fallen village), three and a half hooves at Deilmissen , three hooves at Everalis (desolate fallen village) as accessories Dorf), the tithe to Esbeck and the delivery of 60 sacks of salt from the Hemmendorf saltworks .

In 1318 Gebhard von Bortfelde described himself as commander of Braunschweig, Goslar and Quanthof. Since Gebhard von Bortfelde was a busy man as General President of the Order of St. John in Saxony, the Mark Brandenburg and Wendland, he appointed a procurator for Quanthof ; For 1328 the Braunschweig friar Everhard is documented as procurator . A prior Andrea (s) is mentioned for 1349 in a document issued for the Commandery Nemerow . In a document from 1358, the commander of Quanthof also appears as a witness.

In 1359 Hermann von Warberg, master master sold the Quanthof with accessories (seven Hufen zu Sehlde on the field of Reinlevessen (desolate fallen village), three and a half Hufen to Deilmissen, three Hufen to Evernahm (desolate village), the tithe to Esbeck and the delivery of 60 sacks of salt from the salt works in Hemmendorf) to Siegfried ( Sifrid ) von Homburg for 600 marks of soldered silver from Braunschweig weight and currency. On November 30, 1360 Sigward ( Syuerd ) von Homburg and his sons Rudolf and Heinrich sold the seven Hufen and two Meierhöfe in the village of Sehlde to the Wülfinghausen monastery.

In 1409 Heinrich von Homburg sold the Quanthof for 700 Rhenish guilders to the Carthusian monastery in Hildesheim .

In 1420, Prior Heinrich in Braunschweig announced that Pope Clemens V had transferred all Templar goods in the dominions of Braunschweig, Lüneburg and Homburg to the Johanniter. But he specifically removes the Quanthof from this list. According to this, the Johanniter (the emphasis is on ordinis nostre ) had already owned the Quanthof from Pope Celestine III. (1191–98) were confirmed with all rights and freedoms. Like the other churches of the order, the Quanthof was exempt. The reason for issuing this certificate is not clear.

On June 24, 1425, the Karthauser sold the Quanthof to the Wülfinghausen monastery with the consent of the dukes Bernhard, Otto and Wilhelm . In 1512 the monastery divided three Meierhöfe and two Kothhöfe.

Daniel Eberhard Baring mentions in his Descriptio salae principatus Calenbergici from 1744 that there was an apartment for the provost in addition to the farm buildings . The information should relate to the time of possession of the Wülfinghausen monastery. The chapel of the court is said to have died after Baring during the Thirty Years War.

Commander / Commendators and administrators

  • 1318–28 Gebhard von Bortfeld, Commander of Braunschweig, Goslar and Quanthof
  • 1328 Everhardus, provisional
  • 1349 Andrea (s), prior in the Quanthof
  • 1358 Baldewinus van Reden / Rehden, commander

supporting documents

literature

  • Wilhelm Füßlein: The beginnings of the mastership in the Brandenburg Balli . 48 p., Lütcke & Wulff, Hamburg, 1908 Online at the University and State Library Düsseldorf of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf
  • Christian Gahlbeck: Lagow (Łagów) or Sonnenburg (Słońsk). On the question of the formation of residences in the Brandenburg ballot, the Johanniter from 1312 to 1527 . In: Christian Gahlbeck, Heinz-Dieter Heimann, Dirk Schumann (Hrsg.): Regionality and transfer history Coming from the Knight Order of the Templars and Johanniter in north-eastern Germany and in Poland. , Lukas-Verlag, Berlin 2014 (Studies on Brandenburg and Comparative State History [9], also: Volume 4 of the writings of the State Historical Association for the Mark Brandenburg, NF ), pp. 271–337, ISBN 978-3-86732-140- 2 (hereinafter abbreviated to Gahlbeck, Lagow (Łagów) or Sonnenburg (Słońsk) with the corresponding page number)
  • Manfred RW Garzmann (Ed.), Josef Dolle (Ed.): Urkundenbuch der Stadt Braunschweig Volume 5. Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1994. ISBN 3-87898-057-4 (abbreviated below, Urkundenbuch Stadt Braunschweig, Vol. 5 with corresponding Page number)
  • Wilhelm Hodenberg (Ed.): Calenberger Urkundenbuch, VIII, Archives of the Wülfinghausen Monastery. Publishing bookstore of Gebr. Jänecke, Hanover 1853.
  • Joe Labonde: The Templars in Germany: an investigation into the historical legacy of the Templar order in Germany. 451 S., BV, Bernardus, Heimbach / Eifel, 2010 ISBN 978-3-8107-0088-9 (in the following abbreviated Labonde, Templer in Germany with the corresponding page number)
  • Julius von Pflugk-Harttung : The beginnings of the Order of St. John in Germany, especially in the Mark Brandenburg and Mecklenburg. J. M. Spaeth's Verlag, Berlin 1899. (hereinafter abbreviated, Pflugk-Hartung, beginnings of the Order of St. John with corresponding page number)
  • Ernst Rudorff (with an addendum by Karl Wilhelm Niemeyer): The office of Lauenstein. Journal of the historical association for Lower Saxony, year 1858: 209–384, Hanover 1860 Online at Google Books (hereinafter abbreviated to Rudorff, Amt Lauenstein with the corresponding page number)

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Burghardt Sonnenburg: Hameln - Templer (?). In: Josef Dolle (ed.) (With the collaboration of Dennis Kniehauer): Lower Saxony monastery book. Directory of the monasteries, monasteries, commendants and beguinages in Lower Saxony and Bremen from the beginnings to 1810. Part 2, Gartow to Marienthal. Pp. 564-565, Verlag für Regionalgeschichte, Bielefeld 2012 ISBN 978-3-89534-956-0
  2. ↑ Frank Sengstock: Templerlexikon Niederlassung Deutschland Quanthof = unsafe. PDF
  3. ↑ a b Calenberger Urkundenbuch, 8, Urk.Nr.169, S. 117. Online at archive.org
  4. ^ A b Nicolaus Heutger: The Templars then and now: for the 50th anniversary of the reactivation of the Templar order in Germany. 225 pp., Lukas-Verlag, Berlin, 2007 preview on Google Books
  5. ^ Gahlbeck, Lagow (Łagów) or Sonnenburg (Słońsk) , p. 302.
  6. ↑ a b Füßlein, Herrenmeistertum, p. 40 Online at the University and State Library Düsseldorf of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf
  7. ^ Gahlbeck, Lagow (Łagów) or Sonnenburg (Słońsk) , p. 303.
  8. ↑ Adolph Friedrich Johann Riedel : Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis A. First main part or collection of documents on the history of spiritual foundations, the noble families, as well as the towns and castles of the Mark Brandenburg, Volume 19, Die Neumark (continuation). 524 pp., Berlin, Reimer 1860 Online at Google Books (p.128)
  9. ↑ a b c Gahlbeck, Lagow (Łagów) or Sonnenburg (Słońsk) , p. 305, footnote 151.
  10. ↑ a b Rudorff, Amt Lauenstein, p. 305 Online at Google Books (p. 305)
  11. Jump up ↑ Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz: Origines Guelficae quibus Ottonis, quem puerum vulgo dicimus, primi Brunsvicensium et Luneburgensium ducis. vita, fata et eximiae virtutis enarrantur… , Volume 4, 588 p., Heinrich Ernst Christopher Schlueter, Hanover, 1753 Online at Google Books (p. 504, document number 39).
  12. ↑ Labonde, Templer in Deutschland , p. 161.
  13. ↑ Calenberger Urkundenbuch, 8, Urk.Nr.159, S. 111. Online at archive.org
  14. ↑ Calenberger Urkundenbuch, 8, Urk.Nr.171, S. 118. Online at archive.org
  15. ^ Daniel Eberhard Baring: Descriptio salae principatus Calenbergici locorumque adjacentium. Or description of the hall in the Lauenstein office of Braunschweig.-Lüneb. Fürstenthums Calenberg and all sources and brooks flowing into the same. The counties and lordships, cities, spots, villages, forests, mountains, Saltzbrunnen, Gesundbrunnen and the like ... Johann Heinrich Meyer, Lemgo 1744. Online at Google Books
  16. ↑ Pflugk-Hartung, Beginnings of the Order of St. John, p.113, document no. 4th
  17. ↑ Mecklenburg record book. 1166 - 1400. 25, A, 1. Supplements. Baerensprung, Schwerin 1936. Snippets from Google Books
  18. ↑ Manfred RW Garzmann (Ed.), Josef Dolle (Ed.): Urkundenbuch der Stadt Braunschweig Volume 5. Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hanover 1994. ISBN 3-87898-057-4 Online at TU Braunschweig, Certificate No. 352

Coordinates: 52 ° 6 ′  N , 9 ° 40 ′  E