Upcoming Rörchen

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Chapel of the former Templars and Johanniter comers in today's Rurka, the former Rörchen

The Kommende Rörchen was initially a branch of the Knights Templar in Rörchen in what was then the Duchy of Pomerania (today Rurka , Gmina Chojna , West Pomeranian Voivodeship , Poland). In 1234, Duke Barnim I of Pomerania gave the land of Bahn to the Knights Templar, who then set up a commander in Rörchen. In the course of the dissolution of the Templar Order, the Coming Rörchen came to the Order of St. John in 1311 . In 1382, Bernd von der Schulenburg, then General President of the Ballei Brandenburg, relocated the Kommende Rörchen to Wildenbruch . Rörchen sank down to the courtyard. In 1648 the Kommende Wildenbruch (including the Ordenshof Rörchen) was lost to the Order of St. John and was transformed into a secular rule, the Freiherrschaft Wildenbruch. In 1680 the Freiherrschaft Wildenbruch was annexed to the Herrschaft Schwedt-Vierraden. In 1789, the rule of Schwedt-Vierraden fell to the then King of Prussia as a crown domain . In 1816 the farm in Rörchen was sold for a long lease .

location

Rurka (Rörchen) is located 4 km northeast of Chojna (Königsberg / Nm.). Until 1945 it belonged to the district of Greifenhagen in the administrative district of Stettin in the province of Pomerania . Today it belongs to the urban and rural community Chojna (until 1945 Königsberg in the Neumark) in the powiat Gryfiński (Poland). The former Kommende was about 400 meters north-northwest of the center of Rurka.

history

With the document dated December 28, 1234 (according to the census at that time already in the year 1235) Barnim I , at that time Duke of the Pomeranian Principality of Pomerania-Stettin, gave the Land Bahn in the south of Pomerania to the Knights Templar , whose borders he had precisely described . In 1235, Bishop Heinrich I von Lebus gave the Templars 200 Hufen undeveloped land near Zehden Castle and the Rörchen River in direct connection to the Land Bahn, as well as 200 Hufen undeveloped land in the land of Kinch or Kinitz an der Mitzla. With a document dated March 4, 1236, Duke Barnim I granted the Knights Templar freedom from customs duties in Land Bahn.

Borders of the country railway

The boundaries described in the deed of 1234 enclose an area in which the villages Marienthal / Baniewice , Liebenow / Lubanowo , Gäbersdorf / Sosnowo with the Hohenbrücker Mühle, Rohrsdorf / Parnica , Neuendorf / Piaseczno , Gornow / Górnowo , Linde / Dłusko, were founded a little later Gryfińskie , Wildenbruch / Swobnica, Stresow / Strzeszów , Steinwehr / Kamienny Jaz, Thönsdorf / Grzybno and Jädersdorf / Strzelczyn were founded as well as the city of Bahn. Rörchen was outside of this area in the land donated by the Bishop of Lebus.

Foundation of Rörchen and the beginning of the coming

The place Rörchen was first mentioned in 1244. The Templars chose a place on the river Rörchen to build a fortified courtyard and named it after the river. The small village of Rörchen was also built near the fortified courtyard. In 1244, Duke Barnim I enlarged the Templars' holdings by donating the village of Nahausen (today Nawodna , Gmina Chojna , West Pomeranian Voivodeship ), which at that time had a very large field marrow , rather a small country according to the language used at the time . According to the boundaries described in the document, the Feldmark extended in the north to the Land of Fiddichow, in the east to the Land Bahn and in the south to the Feldmark of Königsberg in the Neumark . Later on, new settlements also emerged on this field mark. This land was later lost to the Templars.

On January 18, 1247, Pope Innocent IV confirmed his possessions ( tithe , land and income) to the Templar Order in Quarsan ( Quartschen ), Chins ( Zehden ), Bahn, Lezenitz ( Lietzen ) and other places. Pope Innocent IV gave the Knights Templar another confirmation of ownership for his possessions in the diocese of Cammin . At that time, the Land Bahn belonged to Pomerania and the diocese of Cammin. Around 1250 the area immediately south of Bahn was conquered by the Brandenburg margraves. Rörchen was now directly on the border to the Ascanian sphere of influence.

On April 22nd, 1282, the Templars received the patronage of the Church of Königsberg in Neumark from the Brandenburg margraves Otto IV and Konrad I. The first property disputes did not fail to materialize. On July 27, 1263, the commander von Rörchen Friedrich (von Salzwedel) compared himself with Simon, the abbot of Belbuck monastery, about some disputed possessions in Pomerania.

In 1285, Bishop Hermann von Cammin granted the Templars exemption from taxes for their possessions in his diocese and only reserved a fixed payment for himself and the cathedral chapter.

In 1288 violent clashes broke out between the Templar coming Rörchen and the dukes Bogislaw IV , Barnim II and Otto I of Pomerania. The coming Rörchen received half of the desert land in the terra Krayna as compensation . But that did not end the disputes between the Templars and the Pomeranian dukes, because on September 27, 1291 Pope Nicholas IV commissioned the dean of St. Peter and Paul in the new town of Magdeburg , the Pomeranian Duke Bogislaw IV of Pomerania-Stettin for to hold the appropriation of goods of the Knights Templar accountable.

It is possible that a document dated February 25, 1296 still belongs in the context of this conflict. Apparently there were some nobles who owned property in the country of Bahn on the side of the Pomeranian duke. In a comparison, the commander of Rörchen Jordan von Esbecke offered the Blankenburg brothers to the 12 hooves in Rudelvstorph (Rohrsdorf), which they already owned, a further 18 hooves as fiefdoms, with the proviso that they respected other rights and goods of the Templars in Rohrsdorf . For this, the Blankenburg brothers had to transfer 16 hooves to the Templars in Kunow bei Bahn.

In 1303 a chapter of the Order of the Templars took place in Lietzen, in which brothers from Königsberg, Rörchen, Tempelburg and Lietzen took part. The persecution of the Templars began in 1307 with the arrest of the Templars in France. The German princes followed, however, hesitantly. In 1312 the Knights Templar was finally abolished by Pope Clement V and their possessions were transferred to the Order of St. John. However, Duke Otto I had already transferred the Templar estates of Rörchen, Pansin and Bahn to the Order of St. John on December 28, 1311.

Commendators of Rörchen from the Knights Templar

  • 1261, 1263 Friedrich von Salzwedel (Soltwedel)
  • 1285 to September 27, 1291 Bernardus de Eberstein / Bernhard von Eberstein, Commander, from November 13, 1291 Preceptor of Poland, Slavia and Neuland and Commander of Quartschen
  • 1296 to 1303 Jordanus de Esbecke, was commendator in Lietzen in 1291
  • 1305 to 1311 (?) Dietrich / Thyoderich von Lorenen

Rörchen under the Hospitallers

It is uncertain whether the Johanniter actually came into the possession of the Kommende Rörchen in 1311/12. Otherwise, there are no documents from this transition period. In the Margraviate of Brandenburg, the takeover of the Templar estates turned out to be difficult and only succeeded in 1318 after lengthy negotiations and monetary payments to the then Brandenburg Margrave Waldemar . In 1335 the residents of Bahn broke away from the Johanniter. Presumably the taking possession of the Templar estates by the Johanniter turned out to be a little more difficult than is expressed in the few documents from this period. In 1345 the city of Bahn submitted to Duke Barnim III. again to the Hospitallers.

In a major feud around / before 1373 the von Wedel and the citizens of Königsberg destroyed the commander's building in Rörchen, drove away the cattle and kidnapped commander Wilhelm von Holsten, who complained about it in 1373. Soon after 1377, the General President of the Brandenburg Ballei, Bernd von der Schulenburg, received permission from Dukes Swantibor I and Bogislaw VII to build Wildenbruch Castle and move Rörchen into a village. However, the General President had to undertake to keep Wildenbruch Castle open to the Pomeranian dukes. By 1382 at the latest, he relocated the Kommende Rörchen to Wildenbruch.

Commendators of the Order of St. John

  • 1334, 1335 Henninghus de Buyt / Buk († 1344), commander, Johannes Ztetin / Stettin, prior
  • 1335 Johann von Buch / Bucke, commander, was commendator in Quartschen in 1334
  • 1338 Johannes Pohle
  • 1345 Gerhard / Bernhard von Elz
  • 1358 to 1360 Berthold von Schleusingen
  • 1361 Giso von Wardenberg
  • 1368 to 1370 Bernd von Camentz
  • 1373, 1376 Wilhelm von Holsten

History after 1382

After the headquarters were moved to Wildenbruch, Rörchen sank down to the Ordenshof. In 1413 brother Wulff was named a court master. In 1413, Rörchen was already a village with farmers, because three farmers were named that year. Rörchen remained part of the coming Wildenbruch. During the Thirty Years' War Wildenbruch and certainly Rörchen were occupied by the Swedes.

Hofmeister

  • 1413 Brother Wulff, court master
  • 1420 Christoph Schröder

Rörchen after the dissolution of the Coming Wildenbruch

With the Peace of Westphalia of 1648 Wildenbruch came as free rule to the Kingdom of Sweden . The Order of St. John did not manage to get the coming back. The Freiherrschaft Wildenbruch was bought by Electress Dorothea in 1680 and attached to the rule Schwedt-Vierraden . It was now administered as the Wildenbruch office. In 1788 the Wildenbruch office (including Rörchen) fell to the Prussian state; thereafter Rörchen was a Prussian state domain with 2355 acres of land.

Tenant and owner of the Rörchen estate

In order to pay off the national debts after the Napoleonic Wars , a whole series of Vorwerke of the Wildenbruch office were sold for long lease in 1816. a. also the Rörchen estate. In 1816, Oberlandforstmeister Georg Ludwig Hartig acquired the Rörchen estate in hereditary lease. At that time it had a total area of ​​2570 acres , of which 1350 acres were arable and 225 acres were meadow. In 1840 his heirs sold Rörchen to Rittmeister a. D. Schmidt, who in 1842 also acquired two farms in the village of Rörchen. On September 27, 1843, he sold the Rörchen estate and the two farms in the village for 140,000 thalers to Ludwig von Klitzing on Demerthin (Ostprignitz). From 1858 to 1868 he was followed by his son Hermann von Klitzing. The general address book from 1879 only mentions von Klitzing as the owner. At that time the estate had a size of 625.5 hectares, of which 428.5 hectares were arable, 88.75 hectares of meadows, 13 hectares of Hutung, 91 hectares of forest and 4.245 hectares of water. The property tax net income was 8,067 marks. In terms of industrial facilities, there are mentioned a steam distillery and a brick factory. The von Klitzing owners are also given for 1893. The estate was managed by a chief inspector Houben. Now only the steam distillery is noted under the industrial plants . Under the heading of breeding special cattle breeds is listed: Dutch cattle as well as Rambouillet and Southdown sheep.

Rörchen on the topographic map 1: 25,000 No. 1558 Königsberg in the Neumark

From 1920 to 1945 captain a. D. Georg Heinrich Karl Modrow (* 1896) owner of the Rörchen estate. In 1945 the property was expropriated and became a Polish state property.

Tenant house

Buildings

The buildings of the commander consisted of a walled courtyard with residential and farm buildings and a church, which was surrounded by a cemetery. At the beginning of March 1248, Bishop Wilhelm von Cammin stayed in Rörchen and issued a certificate there. However, no well-known witnesses are mentioned in this document, so that J. Hinz's assumption that Bishop Wilhelm stayed in Rörchen for the purpose of consecrating the Templar chapel is on weak feet.

Today the chapel and the tenant house still stand .

literature

  • Albert Breitsprecher: The Commandery Rörchen-Wildenbruch. History of the country railway. 272 p., Verlag Leon Sauniers Buchhandlung, Stettin 1940 (in the following abbreviated broadspeaker, Commandery Rörchen-Wildenbruch with corresponding page number)
  • Justus Christoph Dithmar: Genealogical-historical message from the master masters of the knightly order of St. John in the Marck / Saxony / Pomerania and Wendland velvet of the current master master Printz Carln, Printzen in Prussia Königl. Highness, election and installation, as well as those under the highest government on August 16 and September 20, 1731 in the same way as the knights' blows that happened on October 26, 1735 and their knight coats of arms and ancestral panels. Jeremias Hartmann, Frankfurt (Oder), 1735 (hereinafter abbreviated to Dithmar, Genealogical historical message with corresponding page number)
  • Hermann Hoogeweg: The Founders and Monasteries of the Province of Pomerania, Volume II. 1067 p., Saunier, Stettin 1925 (hereinafter abbreviated to Hoogeweg, Stifter und Klöster, Vol. 2 with corresponding page number)
  • Heinrich Kaak: Defense and consolidation of the position of the Order of St. John in the Neumark in the 16th and 17th centuries. In: Christian Gahlbeck, Heinz-Dieter Heimann, Dirk Schumann (Hrsg.): Regionality and transfer history Coming from the Knight Order of the Templars and Johanniter in north-eastern Germany and in Poland. P. 467–496, Lukas-Verlag, Berlin 2014 (Studies on Brandenburg and Comparative State History, Volume 9, also: Volume 4 of the writings of the State History Association for the Mark Brandenburg, New Series) ISBN 978-3-86732-140-2 , P. 167
  • Helmut Lüpke, Winfried Irgang (edit.): Documents and regesta on the history of the Templar order in the area of ​​the diocese of Cammin and the church province of Gniezno. 96 p., Böhlau, Köln & Wien, 1987 (in the following abbreviated Lüpke, documents and regesta with corresponding page number)
  • Adolf Wilhelm Ernst von Winterfeld: History of the knightly order of St. Johannis from the hospital in Jerusalem: with special consideration of the Brandenburg ballot or the masterclass of Sonnenburg. XVI, 896 S., Berlin, Berendt, 1859 Online at Google Books (in the following abbreviated, Winterfeld, history of the knightly order with corresponding page number)
  • Siegmund Wilhelm Wohlbrück: History of the former diocese of Lebus and the country of this taking. First part. Self-published by the author, Berlin 1829 (hereinafter abbreviated to Wohlbrück, Diocese of Lebus with corresponding page number).

Source editions

  • Adolph Friedrich Johann Riedel : Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis A. First main part, XI. Volume, continuation of the Mittelmark documents. Town and monastery Spandau, town Potsdam, town of Teltow, town of Mittenwalde, Zossen and that of Torgow, mixed documents, namely belonging to the small towns of Teltow and Barnim. 528 S., Berlin, Reimer 1856 Online at Google Books (hereinafter abbreviated to CDB, A11 with corresponding document number and page number)
  • Adolph Friedrich Riedel: Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis. A. First main part or collection of documents on the history of ecclesiastical foundations, noble families, as well as the towns and castles of the Mark Brandenburg, Volume 19, Die Neumark (continuation). 524 S., Berlin, Reimer 1860 (in the following abbreviated CDB, A19 with corresponding document number and page number)
  • Adolph Friedrich Johann Riedel: Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis A. First main part or collection of documents on the history of the spiritual foundations, the noble families, as well as the towns and castles of the Mark Brandenburg, XX. Tape. 508 S., Berlin, Reimer 1862 Online at Google Books (hereinafter abbreviated to CDB A 20, with corresponding document number and page number)
  • Adolph Friedrich Riedel: Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis A. First main part or collection of documents on the history of the spiritual foundations, the noble families, as well as the towns and castles of the Mark Brandenburg, Volume XXIV. 500 S., Berlin, Reimer 1856 Online at Google Books (p. 360)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Templar Encyclopedia: Branches Germany / Poland Railway (Polish Banie.) = Property PDF
  2. ↑ Lüpke, Urkunden und Regesten, pp. 19/20, document number 14.
  3. ↑ Lüpke, Urkunden und Regesten, pp. 31/32, document number 29.
  4. ↑ CDB, A 19, Urk.VI (= 6), p. 4 Online at Google Books
  5. ↑ Lüpke, Urkunden und Regesten, p. 32/3, document number 30.
  6. ↑ Lüpke, Urkunden und Regesten, p. 37, document number 35.
  7. ↑ Lüpke, Urkunden und Regesten, p. 54, document number 57.
  8. ↑ a b Lüpke, Urkunden und Regesten, p. 49/50, document number 49.
  9. ↑ Lüpke, Urkunden und Regesten, p. 57, document number 62.
  10. ↑ Lüpke, Urkunden und Regesten, p. 63, document number 66.
  11. ↑ Lüpke, Urkunden und Regesten, pp. 65–67, document number 69.
  12. ↑ Broadspeaker, Commandery Rörchen-Wildenbruch, p. 66.
  13. ↑ G. Thomae; History of the city and rule of Schwedt. from
  14. ↑ Lüpke, Urkunden und Regesten, pp. 48/49, document number 48.
  15. ^ Dithmar, Genealogical historical message, p. 11. Online at Google Books
  16. ↑ Lüpke, Urkunden und Regesten, pp. 75–77, document number 78.
  17. ↑ Grzegorz Jacek Brbestowicz: The abolition of the Templar order in the Neumark and in Pomerania. In: Christian Gahlbeck, Heinz-Dieter Heimann, Dirk Schumann (Hrsg.): Regionality and transfer history Coming from the Knight Order of the Templars and Johanniter in north-eastern Germany and in Poland. P. 63–76, Lukas-Verlag, Berlin 2014 (Studies on Brandenburg and Comparative State History, Volume 9, also: Volume 4 of the writings of the State Historical Association for the Mark Brandenburg, New Series) ISBN 978-3-86732-140-2 , P. 167
  18. ↑ a b CDB, A 24, document number LXV (= 65), pp. 35–37 online at Google Books
  19. ^ Wohlbrück, Bisthum Lebus, S 592 Online at Google Books
  20. ^ Dithmar, Genealogical historical message, p. 23 Online at Google Books
  21. ↑ a b Winterfeld, History of the Knightly Order, p. 789.
  22. Jump up ↑ Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz: Origines Guelficae quibus Ottonis, quem puerum vulgo dicimus, primi Brunsvicensium et Luneburgensium ducis. vita, fata et eximiae virtutis enarrantur ..., Volume 4, 588 pp., Heinrich Ernst Christopher Schlueter, Hannover, 1753 Online at Google Books (p. 504, document no. 39).
  23. ↑ CDB, A 11, Urk. XXII (= 23), p. 312 Online at Google Books
  24. ^ Hoogeweg, Stifter and Klöster, Vol. 2, p. 898. Online at Google Books
  25. ↑ a b CDB, A 19, document number CCXIII (= 213), p. 313/14 Online at Google Books
  26. ↑ Adolf Frantz: Prussia's state domains according to scope, value and income presented and rated. 44 p., Friedrich Frommann, Jena 1864 Online at Google Books , p. 19
  27. ↑ Breitsprecher, Commandery Rörchen-Wildenbruch, p. 268.
  28. ↑ a b Paul Ellerholz, H. Lodemann, H. von Wedell: General address book of the manor and estate owners in the German Empire. With details of the properties, their size (in Culturart), their net income from property tax, their tenants, branches of industry and post offices. I. The Kingdom of Prussia. II. Delivery The Province of Pomerania. 311 p., Landwirtschaftlich-Statistisches Bureau, Berlin 1879, online at Kujawsko-Pomorska digital library , p. 80–81.
  29. ↑ a b Paul Ellerholz, Ernst Kirstein, Traugott Müller, W. Gerland and Georg Volger: Handbuch des Grundbesitz im Deutschen Reiche. With indication of all goods, their quality, their size and type of culture; your property tax net income; their owners, tenants, administrators etc .; of industries; Post, telegraph and railroad stations; Breeding of special breeds of animals; Exploitation of the livestock etc. I. The Kingdom of Prussia. II. Delivery: Province of Pomerania. 3rd improved edition, 378 pp., Berlin, Nicolaische Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1893, pp. 196/97
  30. ↑ Johannes Hinz: Pomerania signpost through an unforgettable land. Adam Kraft Verlag, Mannheim 1988 ISBN 3-8083-1192-4 , p. 299.

Coordinates: 52 ° 59 ′  N , 14 ° 29 ′  E