Hermann von Gleichen

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Hermann von Gleichen († 1289 ; also Hermann Graf von Gleichen ) was Bishop of Cammin in Pomerania in the second half of the 13th century . He succeeded in consolidating the diocese and strengthening its independence from the sovereigns. His special merit is based on the expansion of episcopal power to princely sovereignty.

Life

Hermann came from the Thuringian noble family of the Counts of Gleichen . His father was Lambert II of equals. His mother was Sophie von Orlamünde. Hermann was first mentioned in a sales contract with his older brothers Heinrich I and Ernst IV. His sister was called Adele. The relationship between the von Gleichen family and the dukes of Braunschweig-Lüneburg was useful to him when he became provost of the St. Cyriakus monastery in Braunschweig at a young age . As a further benefice he had a canonical in Hildesheim .

In 1246 the Hildesheim Bishop Konrad II resigned. The legate Philip of Ferrara, endowed with far-reaching powers by Pope Innocent IV , appointed Hermann von Gleichen as the new bishop, supported by a minority of the canons and - since he was not yet of the required age - postulated Hermann von Gleichen. The majority of the cathedral chapter elected the provost Heinrich I von Rusteberg as bishop and let him through the archbishop Siegfried III. from Mainz confirm. Hermann drove his opponent out of the diocese by force of arms. Despite excommunication by the Archbishop and contradicting orders from the Pope, he supported the papal policy directed against Emperor Friedrich II . In 1247 he took part in the election of the opposing king, Wilhelm of Holland . The conflict with the opposing bishop Heinrich continued until 1249, then Hermann von Gleichen traveled to the Pope in Lyon. After negotiations, Hermann renounced the Hildesheim bishopric and was given the option of the next free bishopric. The last time he was referred to on December 11, 1249 as "Hildensemensis electus".

In 1251 he was elected as his successor on the recommendation of Innocent IV after the resignation of the old Bishop Wilhelm from the Camminer cathedral chapter . The episcopal ordination took place after Wilhelm's death in 1254.

Hermann von Gleichen promoted the immigration of German settlers to Pomerania and especially to the area of ​​his monastery. So he founded 1255 together with Duke Wartislaw III. a German settlement near Kolberg Castle and gave it Lübisches law . In 1266 he commissioned two German entrepreneurs to build the town of Köslin . He was followed by members of aristocratic families from his homeland, such as Kirchberg, Kevernburg and Eberstein , who he enfeoffed with lands in the monastery area. In order to be able to advance the colonization of the relatively sparsely populated countries of Cammin and Kolberg as planned, in 1273 he signed a treaty with Duke Barnim I for the tithe of these areas. In the years 1276 and 1277 he was able to round off the area of ​​the monastery when he bought the part of the state of Kolberg west of the Persante for 3500 marks silver . Kolberg soon became the main residence of the bishop and thus the center of the monastery. In 1278 he gave Massow city ​​rights. In 1288 he transferred 60 Hufen near Malchow to Buckow Monastery .

He successfully countered the demands of the Schwerin diocese and was able to enforce exemption from taxes for the Camminer cathedral chapter. In his politics he went partly different ways from the sovereigns and also cultivated relations with the Margraves of Brandenburg , who claimed the feudal sovereignty over Pomerania. A striving for territorial independence of the monastery, as later bishops attempted, is not recognizable. Within the monastery, he secured sovereignty through contracts with the dukes, as on July 13, 1280.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Marek Smoliński: Biskup kamieński Herman von Gleichen i jego związki for zakonami krzyżowymi . In: Gdańskie studia z dziejów średniowiecza, nr 9. Ed. B. Śliwiński, Gdańsk 2003. p. 231.
  2. ↑ Wolber, Karl: History of the Counts of Eberstein in Pommern 1297-1331, 1937, p. 23
predecessor Office successor
Wilhelm Bishop of Cammin
1252–1288 		Jaromar of Rügen
personal data
SURNAME Hermann von Gleichen
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hermann Graf von Gleichen; Hermann von Cammin
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Bishop of Cammin
DATE OF BIRTH 13th Century
DATE OF DEATH 1289