1289

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Heads of State · Nekrolog

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1289
The defeat in the battle of the Schosshalde is considered to be the founding event for the Bern city ​​coat of arms.	After a month of siege, Qalawun , Sultan of the Mamluks , conquered the city of Tripoli from the Crusaders , with which the county of Tripoli went under.
1289 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	737/738 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1281/82
Buddhist calendar	1832/33 (southern Buddhism); 1831/32 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	66th (67th) cycle Year of the Earth- Ox 己丑 ( at the beginning of the year Earth-Rat 戊子)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	651/652 (turn of the year April)
Iranian calendar	667/668
Islamic calendar	687/688 (turn of the year January 24th / 25th)
Jewish calendar	5049/50 (September 16/17)
Coptic calendar	1005/06
Malayalam calendar	464/465
Seleucid era	Babylon: 1599/1600 (turn of the year April) Syria: 1600/01 (New Year October)
Spanish era	1327
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1345/46 (turn of the year April)

Events

Politics and world events

Europe

• January 1 : In the Treaty of Rochlitz , Albrecht the Degenerate , Landgrave of Thuringia , was given back his freedom against cession of large parts of the country, which his son Friedrich had deprived him of when he was captured in 1288 .
• April 27 : The Free Imperial City of Bern is defeated by the Habsburgs in the battle of Schosshalde . In the peace negotiations that followed , Bern was again forced to obey the Reich and had to pay new taxes and a high fine. However, the city remains free of the empire and is not subject to Habsburg .

Pietro Gradenigo's coat of arms

• Pietro Gradenigo , who was only 38 years old, was elected Doge of Venice to succeed the late Giovanni Dandolo . The welcome he receives on arrival in Venice is cool, as the Venetian people favor Baiamonte Tiepolo , the grandson of Doge Jacopo Tiepolo . However, the latter refused the election and withdrew from politics in order to pursue a civil war between the people who supported him and who would have liked to have elected him Doge by acclamation, and the majority of the aristocracy who suspected him of seeking sole rule in Venice, to avoid. After taking office, Pietro Gradenigo began extensive reforms in the political system of the Maritime Republic .
• King Rudolf von Habsburg appears in Erfurt with a large retinue , interferes in the disputes of the landgrave's family and grinds 66 robber barons' castles .

middle East

• April 26th : After a month-long siege, Qalawun , Sultan of the Mamluks , conquers the city of Tripoli from the Crusaders , whereby the county of Tripoli, the penultimate of the Crusader states in the Holy Land, goes under. The castle on Mons Peregrinus , built in 1103 , is also destroyed. The last Countess Lucia flees to Cyprus.

• After the death of Leon IV , his son Hethum II becomes king of the Armenian kingdom of Cilicia .

City rights and first documentary mentions

• The community of Gödenstorf (district of Harburg) is mentioned for the first time as Godingstorpe.
• Hermiswil , Linthal , Netstal , Werdenberg and Zeihen are first mentioned in a document.
• The Baden-Württemberg community of Kronau (Karlsruhe district) is first mentioned in a document.
• The Prince-Bishop of Münster , Everhard von Diest , gives the village of Haltern (now Haltern am See) in Westphalia lower city rights.
• The Salzburg city of Radstadt is elevated to the status of a city by the Archbishop of Salzburg .
• The Neurathen Castle is first mentioned in a document.
• The village of Mörderhausen (deserted since 1360) is first mentioned in a document.
• The Birkenfels Castle in Alsace is first mentioned in a document.

science and technology

• In France , Pope Nicholas IV founded the University of Montpellier .

religion

• Pentecost : At the General Chapter of the Dominicans in Trier it is decided to divide up the German province of Teutonia , as in 1269 . However, since a decision has to be confirmed in two subsequent chapters, the actual division does not take place until 1303 .

• Pope Nicholas IV. Raises the since 1277 existing interdict against Portugal under King Dinis on.
• The Couvent des Cordelières Poor Clare Monastery is founded at the gates of Paris .
• Gertrud von Helfta , Cistercian , has been reporting her visions, apparitions, auditions, meditations and prayers to her fellow sisters since her key experience on January 27, 1281 . Of her main work, the revelation Legatus divinae pietatis ( Messenger ['Messenger'] of divine love ), created this year, she only writes book II (of five) by hand (in which she tells of this experience), the other books are partly created according to her dictation.
• The Franciscan Spiritualist Petrus Johannis Olivi teaches in Montpellier and Narbonne .
• The chronicler Angelus Clarenus (religious name Pietro da Fossombrone - see web links), who was imprisoned for life in chains because of his rigorous representation of the ideas of the spirituals, was freed by General Minister Raimund Gaufredi (or Godefroy - see list ) and went on a missionary trip with his fellow prisoners sent to Armenia.
• The church of Santa Maria di Collemaggio is completed.
• Johan becomes Archbishop of Uppsala .

• 1289/ 1290 : The Dominican Dietrich of Apolda , spiritual advisor Gertrude, written a hagiography of Elizabeth of Hungary that a significant new beginning over the previous hagiographic means tradition.

nature and environment

In Europe, a mild winter and warm summer reigns. It is the warmest winter until winter 2006/07.

Born

Date of birth saved

• October 4 : Louis X , King of France († 1316 )
• October 6 : Wenceslaus III. , King of Hungary, Bohemia and Poland († 1306 )
• November 11 : Nicholas Audley , English magnate († 1316 )

Exact date of birth unknown

• Eleanor of Anjou , Queen of Sicily († 1341 )
• Elizabeth de Burgh , Queen of Scotland and second wife of Robert the Bruce († 1327 )
• Friedrich the Handsome , German anti-king Ludwig of Bavaria and Duke of Austria († 1330 )
• Johann I , Count of Henneberg-Schleusingen († 1359 )
• Leon IV , King of Armenia († 1307 )
• Ton'a , Japanese poet († 1372 )

Born around 1289

• 1285/1290: Johann von Jandun , philosopher and theologian († 1328 )

Died

Date of death secured

• February 10 : John de Vescy , English nobleman, military man and diplomat (* 1244 )
• February 26 : Primislaus I , Duke of Sprottau and Steinau (* around 1268 )

• March 10 : Maud de Lacy , English noblewoman (* 1223 )
• March 12 : Dimitri II the self-sacrifice , Georgian king (* 1260 )
• March 12th : Guido II , Count of St. Pol
• March 19 : John of Parma , General Minister of the Franciscan Order (* around 1208 )

• April 6th : Ludolf von Schladen , Bishop of Halberstadt
• May 24th : Friedrich V , Count of Zollern
• May 27th : Johann III. , Prince of Mecklenburg

• August 1st : Heinrich I , Count of Sponheim (* around 1237 )
• August 24th : Patrick III. , Military commander on the Scottish-English border (* 1213 )

• November 2nd : Giovanni Dandolo , 48th Doge of Venice
• December 11th : Wilburgis , cloister and mystic (* around 1225 )

Exact date of death unknown

• January: Gerlach I , Lord of Limburg
• March: Ugolino della Gherardesca , Italian nobleman (* around 1220 )

• Jechiel ben Jekutiel Anaw , rabbinical author (* around 1260 )
• Gottfried von Bilstein , Abbot of the Grafschaft Monastery
• Alexander Comyn , Guardian of Scotland and legal advisor (* around 1215)
• Gruffydd Fychan , Welsh Lord of Powys
• Heinrich von Trient , priest of the Teutonic Order and Bishop of Trient
• Hermann von Gleichen , Bishop of Cammin
• Il-yeon , Buddhist monk, scholar and writer in Korea (* 1206 )
• Leon III , King of Lesser Armenia (* around 1236 )
• Masud Beg , governor of the Mongols in Central Asia
• Airas Nunes , Spanish cleric and troubadour (* around 1230 )
• Peter von Dacien , Swedish Dominican and mystic (* around 1235 )
• Theobald von Bethsan , knight in the county of Tripoli
• Xie Fangde , Chinese man of letters (* 1226 )

Web links

Commons : 1289  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Meister Eckhart and his time: Angelus Clarenus