1286

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Heads of State · Nekrolog

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1286
Philip IV is crowned King of France .
1286 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	734/735 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1278/79
Buddhist calendar	1829/30 (southern Buddhism); 1828/29 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	66th (67th) cycle Year of the Fire Dog丙戌 ( at the beginning of the year Wood Rooster 乙酉)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	648/649 (turn of the year April)
Iranian calendar	664/665
Islamic calendar	684/685 (turn of the year February 26-27)
Jewish calendar	5046/47 (September 20/21)
Coptic calendar	1002/03
Malayalam calendar	461/462
Seleucid era	Babylon: 1596/97 (turn of the year April) Syria: 1597/98 (turn of the year October)
Spanish era	1324
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1342/43 (turn of the year April)

Events

Politics and world events

Scotland

The presumed crash site of Alexander III. in Kinghorn

• March 19 : The Scottish King Alexander III. , whose children all died before him, is suddenly killed in an accident. The Scottish magnates and prelates then gather in Scone to elect six Guardians of Scotland to rule the kingdom for the rightful heir. The hope of a pregnancy of Alexander's second wife Jolanda von Dreux vanishes in the course of the year, whereupon Alexander's three-year-old granddaughter Margarete becomes the Scottish heir to the throne. Margarete, daughter of the Norwegian King Erik II , is at the time with her father in Norway. In addition, two powerful nobles, Robert Bruce, 5th Lord of Annandale and John Balliol , lay claim to the throne.

Scandinavia

• November 22nd : In Finderup in Jutland , the Danish King Erik V. Klipping is stabbed several times. There is uncertainty about the identity of the murderers. His cousin Jakob Nielson, Count von Halland , a grandson of Waldemar II. Sejr's illegitimate son Niels, is named as the mastermind .

Holy Roman Empire

• April 26th : Heinrich II. Von Finstingen dies. His successor as Archbishop and Elector of Trier is Bohemond I selected. The election is very controversial with three competitors and part of the cathedral chapter is hostile to the new archbishop. Pope Nicholas IV also refuses to confirm Boemund's election for three years.
• Meinhard II , Count of Tyrol and Gorizia , is raised to the rank of imperial prince by King Rudolf I and enfeoffed with the Duchy of Carinthia . At the same time, the Meinhardiner pledge master of the Duchy of Carniola and the Windische Mark becomes .
• The Duke of Saxony-Lauenburg leaves half of the island "O" off the north-western tip of Hadeln to the city of Hamburg .

France

• January 6th : Philip IV is crowned and anointed King of France in Reims Cathedral . His first government action is the elimination of trench warfare at court by ousting his stepmother Maria von Brabant from there and persuading his grandmother Margaret of Provence to retreat to a monastery.

Western Mediterranean

• Sultan Abu Yusuf Yaqub Moroccan Merinids died in the siege of Algeciras in Andalusia , which he has made to the in Granada ruling Nasrids against the attacks of Castile support. His successor as ruler in Morocco is his son Abu Yaqub Yusuf .

First documentary mentions

• First documented mention of Epfenbach , Musbach , Namlos , Rammingen and Reilingen
• First documentary mention of the Gutleuthof Leprosy Hospital , from which the Gutleutviertel district of Frankfurt derives its name

economy

• The French King Philip IV raised the Gabelle , a salt tax , for the first time .

Science, religion and culture

• Pentecost, General Chapter of the Dominicans in Paris : The commitment of Thomism to the members of the order is increased; they are supposed to spread the teaching of Thomas Aquinas as much as they can, and they are supposed to defend him against attacks.
• The Magdalen Sisters are temporarily affiliated to the Dominican order.
• The Dominican Johannes Balbus wrote the Catholicon , a large Latin dictionary for the “correct” interpretation of the Bible . A grammar supplements the dictionary, some of which contains encyclopedic entries. The clergy and Latin-literate citizens can take the essential knowledge of their time from it and use it like a kind of conversation dictionary.
• The Abbaye de Montigny-lès-Vesoul , an abbey of the Poor Clare urbanists on the Champ de Blacon in the eastern French community of Montigny-lès-Vesoul , is founded. Income from tithes and own goods in the surrounding villages of Montigny, Chariez , Montsote and Grange-du-Bois ensure the supply of the monastery.

nature and environment

• Germany: hard winter, extreme frost, the Baltic Sea freezes over. Spring is cold and snowy.

Born

Date of birth saved

• February 2 : Joan de Geneville , English nobleman († 1356 )
• March 8 : Johann III. , Duke of Brittany, Vice-Count of Limoges, Count of Penthièvre and Earl of Richmond († 1341 )
• June 30 : John de Warenne, 7th Earl of Surrey , English magnate († 1347 )
• September 1 : Elisabeth Richza of Poland , Queen of Bohemia and Poland († 1335 )
• September 4 : John Mowbray , English nobleman and rebel († 1322 )

Exact date of birth unknown

• Guy I. de Clermont , Lord of Breteuil and Offemont and Marshal of France († 1302 )
• James Douglas, Lord of Douglas , Scottish nobleman and military leader († 1330 )
• Elisabeth von Lobdeburg-Arnshaugk , Margravine of Meissen and Landgrave of Thuringia († 1359 )
• Hugh le Despenser , English courtier and politician, favorite of King Edward II of England († 1326 )
• Johannes Palaiologos , Byzantine prince and governor († 1307 )
• Kalonymus ben Kalonymus , Provencal Jewish author and translator (died after 1328)

Born around 1286

• Giorgi V , King of Georgia († 1346 )
• Lazarus of Murom , Greek Orthodox missionary in Karelia and saint of the Russian Orthodox Church († 1391 )

Died

First half of the year

• February 1 : Simon II. De Clermont , Lord of Ailly and Nesle (* before 1216 )
• March 19 : Alexander III. , King of Scotland (* 1241 )
• before April 3: Roger de Clifford , English knight, military man and civil servant (* around 1221 )
• April 26th : Heinrich II. Von Finstingen , Archbishop of Trier
• May 25 : Bernhard I , Duke of Jauer and Duke of Löwenberg (* around 1255)

Second half of the year

• July 4th / 5th : Hartmann von Dillingen , Bishop of Augsburg
• July 30th : Gregorius Bar-Hebraeus , doctor, historian, scholar and Catholicos of the Syrian Orthodox Church of Antioch (* 1226 )
• September 25th : Matthew of Vendôme , Abbot of St. Denis and Regent of France
• October 8 : Johann I von Dreux , Duke of Brittany (* 1217 )
• before October 31 : Kunigunde von Eisenberg , Margravine of Meißen and Landgravine of Thuringia (* around 1245 )
• November 22nd : Erik V , King of Denmark (* 1249 )

Exact date of death unknown

• Abu Yusuf Yaqub , Sultan of the Merinids in Morocco
• Jehan Boinebroke , French merchant
• Johannes Fasolus , Roman legal scholar (* 1223 )
• Bertram Morneweg , Councilor of Lübeck
• Sofia Eriksdotter of Denmark , Queen of Sweden
• Wilhelm von Moerbeke , Flemish clergyman and translator of ancient writings (* around 1215 )

Died around 1286

• around 1286: Bernhard I , Herr zu Werle (* around 1245 )
• 1286/ 1287 : Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn , Lord of the Welsh Principality of Powys (* before 1216)
• 1286, 1287 or 1306 : Adam de la Halle , French poet and composer, troubadour (* around 1237 )

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Cristian Kuß: Yearbook of memorable natural events in the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein from the eleventh to the seventeenth century, page 17 (Altona 1825)

Web links

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