1216

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Heads of State · Nekrolog

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1216
The French Crown Prince Ludwig lands in England with an invading army .	Henry III. becomes King of England at the age of nine .
1216 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	664/665 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1208/09
Buddhist calendar	1759/60 (southern Buddhism); 1758/59 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	65th (66th) cycle Year of the Fire Rat丙子 ( at the beginning of the year wood pig 乙亥)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	578/579 (turn of the year April)
Iranian calendar	594/595
Islamic calendar	612/613 (turn of the year 19/20 April)
Jewish calendar	4976/77 (September 14/15)
Coptic calendar	932/933
Malayalam calendar	391/392
Seleucid era	Babylon: 1526/27 (turn of the year April) Syria: 1527/28 (turn of the year October)
Spanish era	1254
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1272/73 (turn of the year April)

Events

Politics and world events

England

• The English King Johann Ohneland avoids a direct attack on London in the war against the barons and instead marches north with his troops. The Scottish King Alexander II retreats across the border into Scotland , and John follows him. On January 13th he conquered Berwick-upon-Tweed .
• January 14th : Guala Bicchieri is appointed papal legate for England.
• March: Johann returns south after burning down Berwick and conquers Colchester .
• May 26th : Crown Prince Ludwig of France - invited by the rebellious nobles - lands in England despite the papal prohibition and threat of excommunication with an invading army , and raises in the name of his wife Blanka of Castile , a granddaughter of King Henry II and thus a niece Johanns, right to inheritance to the English throne. In St Paul's Cathedral he receives homage from the barons as well as from King Alexander II of Scotland , but without being crowned. In the course of the year he succeeds in conquering all of eastern England . Numerous barons who had previously been loyal to Johann defected to the rebels.
• May 29 : The papal legate Guala Bicchieri excommunicated Prince Louis of France.
• October 12th : When crossing The Wash , the treasure of King John Ohneland is lost .
• October 19 : With the death of his father Johann Ohneland , Heinrich III. King of England at the age of nine . The new Pope Honorius III. puts the underage king under his protection.
• October 28 : Heinrich III. is crowned in Gloucester Cathedral by Peter des Roches , Bishop of Winchester . The reign is taken over by the 70-year-old William Marshal .
• November 12th : William Marshal recognizes a revised version of the Magna Carta .

Wales

Wales around 1217

In the spring, Llywelyn from Iorwerth , Prince of Gwynedd , calls the Welsh princes to a meeting at Aberdyfi Castle in Ceredigion . At this meeting the remaining parts of Deheubarth are divided among the descendants of Lord Rhys, who died in 1197, according to Welsh law: Maelgwn ap Rhys receives the western part of the empire, Ceredigion south of the River Aeron and Llanmyddyfri . Rhys Gryg received the Cantref Mawr in Ystrad Tywi as well as Cantref Bychan and Cydweli , while the sons of Gruffydd ap Rhys , Owain and Rhys Ieuanc , received Ceredigion north of the Aeron. In return, the descendants of Lord Rhys recognize the supremacy of Llywelyn from Iorwerth. The Aberdyfi Agreement ends the wars of succession in Deheubarth after almost 20 years.

Occitania

• Spring: Count Raimund VI, deposed by the Fourth Lateran Council . von Toulouse opposes the Council decision and lands with his son Raymond VII in Marseille to recapture his possessions in Occitania . He is greeted with enthusiasm by the population.
• March 8 : Simon de Montfort , leader of the Albigensian Crusade, receives the oath of allegiance from the city of Toulouse. He then traveled on to Narbonne , where he forcibly gained access and fell out with Arnaud Amaury , the papal legate of the crusade and Archbishop of Narbonne . He soon leaves the city and goes to Melun to pay homage there in April to King Philip II of France as supreme liege lord.
• The two Raimunds use his absence to recapture numerous cities, Beaucaire is conquered after a short siege, and a general uprising begins in the margraviate of Provence against Simon de Montfort.
• June: Simon de Montfort, for his part, begins the siege of Beaucaire, which he has to give up on August 15th .
• September: An uprising breaks out in Toulouse, whereupon Montfort's men loot the city.
• November 27th : Pope Honorius III. instructs the crusaders to return the castle of Foix to Count Raimund Roger of Foix .

Holy Roman Empire

• July 1st : King Frederick II promises in Strasbourg during negotiations about the future coronation of the emperor that he will hand over the kingdom of Sicily to his son Heinrich after the coronation and that he will renounce the Sicilian royal dignity himself. He brings his son Heinrich to the northern Alpine part of the empire and gives him the Duchy of Swabia , and later also the rectorate of Burgundy .

• The Teutonic Order receives the hospital in Ellingen as a fief, after which Ellingen becomes the seat of the Landkomtur of the Ballei Franken .

Scandinavia

• April 10 : King Erik X. of Sweden from the House of Eric probably died of tuberculosis. Since his son Erik Eriksson was only born after his death, the Swedish nobility chose 15-year-old Johann I from the competing Sverker family as king. Erik's mother Rikissa then goes to Denmark with the toddler at the court of her brother Waldemar II.

Crusader States

Troubled by the armor of Theodoros I Komnenos Dukas in Epirus , the Latin emperor Heinrich marches to Thessaloniki in the spring to carry out a preventive attack against Epirus from there. Before that happens, he dies on June 11th , presumably from poison. Since he left no descendants, the nobles chose his brother-in-law Peter von Courtenay , who immediately set off from France to the east. Theodoros of Epirus conquered Macedonia and Thessaly in the meantime . The Bulgarian Boljar Alexius Slaw becomes his vassal.

• With the help of the Order of Hospitallers, King Leo II of Armenia conquers the principality of Antioch from Bohemond IV and appoints his nephew Raymond II Ruben as prince.

middle East

• October 8th : The three-year-old al-Aziz Muhammad succeeds his late father az-Zahir Ghazi as Emir of Aleppo . The Atabeg Shihab al-Din Toghril, a former slave of his father, takes over the reign.

First documentary mentions and city rights

• Dresden (Slavic: "swamp forest") is mentioned as a city for the first time.
• Grossaffoltern is first mentioned in a document.

religion

• February 29th : Engelbert I. von Berg is elected Archbishop of Cologne .
• July 18 : As the successor to Innocent III, who died two days earlier . Cencio Savelli is elected Pope and takes the name Honorius III. on.

Bull Religiosam vitam

• December 22nd : Pope Honorius III. confirmed in the Bull religiosam vitam the monastic rule of the previous year during the Albigensian Crusade by Dominic founded the Dominican .

• The Chiemsee diocese is established by Eberhard von Regensburg .
• Completion of the Benedictine Abbey of Laach (after 1863 Maria Laach )

Born

• after April 10: Erik XI. , King of Sweden († 1250 )
• probably September 17th : Robert I , Count of Artois († 1250 )
• before December 17th: William de Forz, Count of Aumale , English nobleman († 1260 )

• Erik IV , King of Denmark († 1250 )
• Zahed Gilani , Islamic mystic († 1301 )
• Heinrich I of Liechtenstein , Governor of Styria († 1265 )
• Heinrich V , Count of Luxembourg, Count of Laroche and Margrave of Arlon († 1281 )
• Stephen Longespée , English knight, Seneschal of Gascony and Justiciar of Ireland († 1260 )
• Simon II. De Clermont , Lord of Ailly and Lord of Nesle († 1286 )
• Safi ad-Din al-Urmawi , Arab musician and music theorist († 1294 )

Died

First half of the year

• January 18th : Guy II. De Dampierre , Lord of Dampierre, Bourbon and Montluçon
• January 31 : Theodor II Eirenikos , Patriarch of Constantinople
• February 23 : Geoffrey FitzGeoffrey de Mandeville , Earl of Essex and Earl of Gloucester (* around 1191 )

• April 10 : Erik X. , King of Sweden (* 1180 )
• May 8 : Ulrich von Adelberg , provost of the Adelberg monastery
• May: Gottfried von Lusignan , Count of Jaffa
• June 11 : Heinrich , Emperor of the Latin Empire of Constantinople (* around 1174 )

Second half of the year

• July 16 : Innocent III. Pope (* 1160 / 61 )
• July 26 : Kamo no Chōmei , Japanese Buddhist monk and poet (* 1155 )

• August: Eustace de Vesci , Anglo-Norman nobleman (* around 1170 )
• September: Guichard IV , lord of Beaujeu and Montpensier

• October 8 : az-Zahir Ghazi , Emir of Aleppo (* 1172 )
• October 14 : Konrad von Rodank , Bishop of Brixen (* 1140 )
• October 19 : Johann Ohneland , King of England, Lord of Ireland, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine and Count of Anjou (* 1167 )
• December: Maximos II , Patriarch of Constantinople

Exact date of death unknown

• Dragpa Gyeltshen , person of Tibetan Buddhism (* 1147 )
• Elisabeth of Bregenz , Countess Palatine of Tübingen (* 1152 )
• Eustach of Hainaut Regent of the Kingdom of Thessaloniki
• Gwenwynwyn , ruler of part of the Welsh Principality of Powys
• Ravano dalle Carceri , Italian crusader, Lord of Negroponte

Died around 1216

• Andronikos Palaiologos , heir to the throne in the exile of Nikaia
• Johannes von Praunheim , Reichsschultheiß of Frankfurt am Main
• Shota Rustaveli , Georgian writer and finance minister (* around 1172 )

Web links

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