1212

The title of this article is ambiguous. Further meanings are listed under 1212 (disambiguation) .

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Heads of State · Nekrolog

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1212
In the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa , the Christian armies achieve a decisive success against the Moors in the Reconquista .
1212 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	660/661 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1204/05
Buddhist calendar	1755/56 (southern Buddhism); 1754/55 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	65th (66th) cycle Year of the water monkey壬申 ( at the beginning of the year metal sheep 辛未)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	574/575 (turn of the year April)
Iranian calendar	590/591
Islamic calendar	608/609 (turn of the year 2/3 June)
Jewish calendar	4972/73 (August 29/30)
Coptic calendar	928/929
Malayalam calendar	387/388
Seleucid era	Babylon: 1522/23 (turn of the year April) Syria: 1523/24 (turn of the year October)
Spanish era	1250
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1268/69 (turn of the year April)

Events

Politics and world events

Holy Roman Empire

Friedrich II. With his falcon

• March: The designated Roman-German King Friedrich II sets out against the advice of his wife Konstanze with only a small entourage from Sicily to Germany. Previously, at the request of the Pope, Innocent III. , have his one-year-old son Heinrich crowned King of Sicily and hand over the reign to his wife.
• July 22nd : The Guelph Emperor Otto IV marries Beatrix of Swabia , the daughter of Philip of Swabia , who, however , dies on August 11th . The Hohenstaufen imperial princes then fell away from Otto again.
• September: Friedrich II arrives in Constance hours before his opponent Otto IV .

Verso of the royal gold bull of Frederick

• September 26 : Friedrich II from Staufer officially confirms the Přemyslid Ottokar I as King of Bohemia and his brother Vladislav Heinrich as Margrave of Moravia in the Sicilian Golden Bull in Basel .
• In November, Friedrich concluded an alliance with the French King Philip II August , which brought him 20,000 silver marks. He immediately distributes this money among the greats of the empire in order to reward them for their efforts in service to the empire and to ensure their future support.
• December 5th : Friedrich II from Staufer is elected king again in Frankfurt am Main . The coronation will take place on December 9th in Mainz Cathedral with replicated insignia by the Archbishop of Mainz Siegfried II. Von Eppstein .

• The consular government in Siena , which has existed since 1125 , ends.

Peregrinatio puerorum ("Children's Crusade")

The Children's Crusade, romanticizing depiction by Gustave Doré, 19th century

• Easter: Thousands of young people from the Rhineland and Lower Lorraine set out in the so-called “ Children's Crusade ” towards Palestine . The leader is supposedly Nikolaus, a young man from Cologne. From Cologne the group moves via Trier to Speyer and from there further south. The crusade participants finally arrive in Genoa on August 25th via Cremona and Piacenza . The train is already dispersing in Italy.
• around Pentecost: Several from Pope Innocent III. Ordered processions in the Chartres and Paris area become independent until around 30,000 people march through France in the course of the year under the leadership of Stefan von Cloyes. King Philip II of August disbanded the movement and asked them to go home. But there are still unrest in individual cities until June / July.

Albigensian Crusade

• Simon de Montfort continues to use the Albigensian Crusade to conquer the lands of the banished Count Raimund VI. from Toulouse . At the end of the year he was de facto ruler of the entire county of Toulouse . Only the capital Toulouse itself is still successfully resisting.
• December 1st : At his court in Pamiers, Simon de Montfort proclaims the statutes for the " Albigensian land " he has conquered . Around the same time, Raymond of Toulouse formed a community of interests with King Peter II of Aragón , who was suspicious of his growing vassal de Montfort.

Reconquista in the Iberian Peninsula

Monument at Las Navas de Tolosa

• July 16 : In the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa , the troops of the allied kingdoms of Castile , Aragon and León under Alfonso VIII defeat the Moorish Almohads under Caliph Muhammad an-Nasir . It is one of the decisive battles in the course of the Reconquista and heralds the end of Almohad rule in Al-Andalus .

Other events in Europe

• Campaigns by Johann Ohneland against Wales : An uprising in Wales under Llywelyn from Iorwerth , Prince of Gwynedd , prevents a further campaign to France planned by Johann Ohneland .
• King Inge II of Norway and Jarl Håkon Galen conclude a succession treaty after mediation by the church, according to which whoever survives the other is to inherit his part of the empire.
• Konstantin Vsevolodowitsch becomes Grand Duke of Vladimir .

City foundations and first documentary mentions

• Auenstein , Cornaux , Hausen am Bach , Kirchsteinbek , Reichenbach im Vogtland , Seebach , Mantel and Wedel are first mentioned in a document.
• With the granting of city ​​rights by Leopold VI. will Enns to the city and is now considered the oldest town in Austria.

science and technology

• The University of Palencia is founded in Castile .

Religion, society and culture

Buddhism

• Throphu Tshälthrim Sherab founds the monastery Throphu Chamchen Chöde in Tibet .

Christianity

• March 18 : Clare of Assisi takes her vows and founds the Order of the Poor Clares .

• The diocese of Zante is established and subordinated to the Archdiocese of Corfu .

Deed of foundation from the Canons' Monastery of St. Thomas, Hospital St. Georg, St. Thomas Choir and St. Thomas School in Leipzig

• March 20 : The St. Georg Hospital in Leipzig is founded.

• The Augustinian canons of St. Thomas , St. Thomas Choir and St. Thomas School are founded in Leipzig .
• The Marienstatt Abbey and the Wald Monastery are founded.

Disasters

• July 10th : The City of London is partially destroyed by a city fire .

Born

Date of birth saved

• 0March 9 : Hugo IV , Duke of Burgundy and titular king of Thessaloniki († 1272 )
• March 22nd : Go-Horikawa , Emperor of Japan († 1234 )
• 0May 6 : Constantia of Austria , Margravine of Meißen († 1243 )

Exact date of birth unknown

• Guru Chökyi Wangchug , Tertön of the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism († 1270 )
• Isabella II of Brienne , Queen of Jerusalem and Roman-German Empress († 1228 )
• al-Musta'sim bi-'llah , Abbasid Caliph († 1258 )
• Otto von Barmstede , Holstein nobleman († around 1270)
• Ratibor , Duke of Pomeranian († 1272 )
• Malatesta da Verucchio , Italian condottiere and lord of Rimini († 1312 )
• Ala ad-Din Muhammad , Imam of the Nizarites († 1255 )

Born around 1212

• Roger Bigod, 4th Earl of Norfolk , English nobleman and courtier († 1270 )

Died

Date of death secured

• 0February 9 : Bernhard III. , Duke of Saxony, Count of Ascania and Ballenstedt, Lord of Bernburg (* 1140 )
• 0April 6th : Bertram , Archbishop of Bremen and Hamburg and Bishop of Metz
• May 24th : Dagmar of Bohemia , Queen of Denmark (* around 1186 )

• 0July 1 : Mauger , Bishop of Worcester
• July 15 : Johann I , Archbishop and Elector of Trier (* around 1140 )
• August 11th : Beatrix of Swabia , Roman-German Empress (* 1198 )

• 0October 5th : Philip I , Margrave of Namur (* 1175 )
• 13 / October 14 : Baldwin of Bethune , French-angevinischer crusader, Count of Aumale and baron of Holderness
• 0November 4th : Felix von Valois , founder of the Trinitarian order and saint of the Roman Catholic Church (* 1127 )

• 0December 5th : Dietrich II of Ahr , Bishop of Utrecht
• December 12 : Geoffrey of York , Bishop of Lincoln and Archbishop of York (* around 1153 )

Exact date of death unknown

• Spring: Mary of Montferrat , Queen of Jerusalem (* around 1192 )

• Archambaud I , Count of Périgord
• Folpert II. Van der Leede , Dutch nobleman, regent of the glory Ter Leede, lord of Asperen and lord of Polsbroek (* around 1175 )
• Gerhard von Vianden , Abbot of Prüm and the twin abbeys of Stavelot-Malmedy
• Hōnen , founder of the Jodo-shu school of Japanese Buddhism (* 1133 )
• Hugues de Surgères , Vice Count of Châtellerault and Crusader
• Maredudd ap Cynan , Lord of the Welsh Principality of Gwynedd
• Pierre de Préaux , Norman nobleman
• Robert FitzRoger , English nobleman (* around 1170 )
• Walter von Montbéliard , crusader, civil servant in the Kingdom of Jerusalem and regent of the Kingdom of Cyprus
• Vsevolod III. , Grand Duke of Vladimir (* 1154 )

Died around 1212

• Berengar of Barcelona , Bishop of Lleida and Archbishop of Narbonne (* around 1140 )

Web links

Commons : 1212  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files