1209

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Heads of State · Nekrolog

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1209
The Albigensian Crusade begins in southern France.
1209 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	657/658 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1201/02
Buddhist calendar	1752/53 (southern Buddhism); 1751/52 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	65th (66th) cycle Year of the Earth-Snake己巳 ( at the beginning of the year Earth-Dragon 龙 辰)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	571/572 (turn of the year April)
Iranian calendar	587/588
Islamic calendar	605/606 (turn of the year July 5th / 6th)
Jewish calendar	4969/70 (August 31 / September 1)
Coptic calendar	925/926
Malayalam calendar	384/385
Seleucid era	Babylon: 1519/20 (turn of the year April) Syria: 1520/21 (turn of the year October)
Spanish era	1247
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1265/66 (turn of the year April)

Events

Politics and world events

The Albigensian Crusade

Innocent III. and Arnaud Amaury, spiritual leader of the crusade; Miniature from the 1st half of the 13th century

• On the occasion of the assassination of the legate Pierre de Castelnau , Pope Innocent III. called last year to crusade against the Albigensians . The participating crusaders were promised the forgiveness of the penalties for sin (indulgence). The conquered areas are to be re-assigned as fiefs by the Pope to aristocratic participants in the crusade. 10,000 crusaders from France and the Holy Roman Empire gather in the spring under the leadership of Arnaud Amaury , Odo III. of Burgundy , Hervé of Nevers and Walter of Saint-Pol in Lyon . A large part of the Occitan nobility and, closely intertwined with them, the Catholic Church, whose members, however, are forbidden to take up arms, stand on the side of the opponents .
• June 18 : Count Raimund VI , excommunicated two years ago . von Toulouse submits to the Holy See in a ceremony of penance and reconciliation.

Beziers

• July 22nd : In the course of the Albigensian Crusade, the city of Béziers is conquered and razed to the ground. In the massacre that followed, almost the entire population, around 20,000 people, was murdered.

Cité of Carcassonne

• August 1st : The crusaders reach Carcassonne , which surrenders after a two-week siege. The majority of the population has fled through underground passages into the surrounding forests. Those left behind are burned, hanged or driven naked from the city. The Vice Count of Béziers-Carcassonne, Raimund-Roger Trencavel , was locked in a dungeon as a supporter of the heresy and, in accordance with the applicable expropriation principle, declared his titles and domains forfeited.
• August 15 : After the fall of Carcassonne, Simon de Montfort is elected by the Crusaders as Viscount of Béziers and Carcassonne and as military leader of the Crusade.
• Albi , Castelnaudary , Castres , Fanjeaux , Limoux , Lombers and Montréal surrender after the fall of Carcassonnes.
• End of August: Most crusaders leave the crusader army after the required minimum time of 40 days.
• September: Simon of Montford begins to siege the domains of Count Raimund Roger of Foix , with which he commits a clear violation of the law.
• November 10 : Raymond II Trencavel succeeds his father, who died in prison, in his rights.
• Winter: About 40 conquered towns rise and drive out their crusader garrisons. The local knighthood also comes together to resist.

England

• November: In the dispute over the appointment of bishops , Pope Innocent III excommunicated . the English King Johann Ohneland , whereupon several bishops leave the country. For once in a dispute with the church, the barons stand united behind their king.

Holy Roman Empire / Italy

• March 7 : The under imperial ban standing . Otto VIII of Wittelsbach , murderers of the German king Philipp of Swabia is of Reichsmarschall Henry of Kalden placed in Oberndorf near Kelheim and killed in combat. The dead man's head is thrown into the Danube, and the corpse is kept in a barrel for years.

Otto IV. Is the first Roman-German emperor whose coat of arms is clearly passed down. It is a split shield with three lions and an eagle cut in half.

• March 22nd : German controversy for the throne : In the Treaty of Speyer, King Otto IV renews the Neuss oath of 1201 and recognizes the papal claims to territory in central and southern Italy. In June he leaves Augsburg on an Italian train .
• October 4th : Pope Innocent III. crowns Otto IV. in Rome as Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire . On the same day Otto promises to go on a crusade . Contrary to papal expectations, Otto remains in Italy and expresses his claim to rule in the areas that he promised the Pope as restitution.
• October: Otto falls out with Albrecht I von Käfernburg , the Archbishop of Magdeburg , one of his closest allies.

Fourth crusade

• January 9th : The Latin Emperor Heinrich crowns Demetrius of Montferrat as King of Thessaloniki and has the leader of the rebellious Lombards Oberto II von Biandrate imprisoned.
• May 1st : At an imperial assembly, Heinrich subordinates the Duchy of Athens and the Principality of Achaia , previously vassals of Thessaloniki, directly to the imperial crown. The Lombard knights demonstratively stay away from the meeting. By the end of May, Heinrich put down the Lombards' uprising for good. Ravano dalle Carceri , Lord of Negroponte in Euboea , is one of the last to give up.

Asia

• Genghis Khan and the Mongols begin the siege of the capital of the kingdom of Xixia the Tanguts .

City rights and first documentary mentions

• Salzgitter-Hohenrode , Kniestedt (former district of Salzgitter-Bad ), and Söderhof (district of Haverlah ) are listed in a document from Pope Innocent III. from June 6 first mentioned. In this document, the Ringelheim Monastery is placed under the protection of the Pope and his possessions in a total of 61 surrounding villages are listed.

• Stade receives city ​​rights .
• Köpenick (under the name Copanic), Bergün / Bravuogn , Dornstadt , Neftenbach , Greiz , Le Landeron and Weida are first mentioned in a document.
• First documentary mention of the noble family von Werthern with Heroldus de Wirthere .

science and technology

• The University of Cambridge is of Oxford set out.
• The University of Vicenza is dissolved again after only five years.

Religion and culture

Church hierarchy

• Bruno II. Von Porstendorf succeeds Dietrich II. Von Kittlitz, who died the previous year, as Bishop of Meissen .

Buildings

• October 9 : The foundation stone of the Quirinus Minster in Neuss is laid.

• Beginning of the new construction of the Magdeburg Cathedral (considered to be the first German Gothic church)
• First mention of the Riga Petrikirche

Others

• February 20 : King Otto IV gives the Teutonic Order an imperial court in front of Nuremberg with the already existing Jakobskapelle. Here the order immediately erects a commander .

Santa Maria Arabona Abbey Church

• The Arabona Monastery is founded.

Born

Date of birth saved

• January 5 : Richard Cornwall , Earl of Cornwall, Count of Poitou, Roman-German King († 1272 )

Exact date of birth unknown

• Möngke Khan , Great Khan of the Mongols († 1259 )
• Waldemar , Duke of Schleswig and King of Denmark (co-regent), († 1231 )

Born around 1209

• William Longespée of Salisbury , English magnate and crusader († 1250 )

• 1209/ 1210 : Celestine V , Pope († 1296 )

Died

Date of death secured

• February 2 : Alfonso II , Count of Provence (* 1180 )
• March 7th : Otto VIII von Wittelsbach , Count Palatine of Bavaria
• March 12th : Nezāmi , Persian poet (* around 1141 )

• June 2 : Heinrich von Tunna , Grand Master of the Teutonic Order
• September 21 : Gerhard von Steterburg , chronicler and provost

• October 16 : Ermengol VIII. , Count of Urgell (* 1158 )
• November 9th : Reinher della Torre , Bishop of Chur
• November 10 : Raimund-Roger Trencavel , Vice Count of Carcassonne (* 1185 )
• November 12th : Philippe du Plessiez , Grand Master of the Templar Order (* around 1165 )

Exact date of death unknown

• Fachr ad-Dīn ar-Rāzī , Persian Sunni Muslim theologian and philosopher (* 1149 )
• Margrete Eriksdotter , Queen of Norway (* around 1155 )
• Moritz I. , Count of Oldenburg (* around 1145 )
• Petrus Riga , French clergyman, poet and canon (* around 1140 )
• Wilhelm I of Champlitte , Prince of Achaia

Died around 1209

• William FitzMartin , Anglo-Norman nobleman (* around 1155 )

Web links

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