Salzgitter bath

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Salzgitter bath
City of Salzgitter
Salzgitter-Bad's coat of arms
Coordinates: 52 ° 2 ′ 50 ″  N , 10 ° 22 ′ 44 ″  E
Height : 138  (132-204)  m
Area : 19.23 km²
Residents : 21,195  (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 1,102 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : April 1, 1942
Incorporated into: Watenstedt-Salzgitter
Postal code : 38259
Area code : 05341
map
Location of Salzgitter-Bad in Salzgitter
View from the Bismarck Tower on Hamberg to Salzgitter-Bad
View from the Bismarck Tower on Hamberg to Salzgitter-Bad

Salzgitter-Bad is the second largest of a total of 31 districts of the independent city of Salzgitter in Lower Saxony , located in the village of Süd , and has been the eponymous district of the city of Salzgitter since January 23, 1951 , which was originally named Watenstedt-Salzgitter on April 1 Was founded in 1942.

Today's district “Salzgitter-Bad” was only called “Salzgitter” until 1951 and until 1942 was a small town in what was then the district of Goslar . The district has an area of ​​around 19.23 km².

history

The origin of the place was an old salt spring, which was already known before the turn of the millennium and from which the region had received the name " Salzgau ". This salt spring was located in a swampy valley and was therefore initially not populated. The salt boilers came from the nearby villages of grid , Vöppstedt and Kniestedt , on the borders of which the salt marsh was located.

Place name

Because of its salt spring, the place was only known as "salina" for a long time, from the 14th century also as "solte", "Dat Solt" or "Dat Saltz". To distinguish it from other salt works, the names "salina Knistidde" (Saline near Kniestedt) and "Salz to Vepstedt" appeared in 1344/45. In 1370 it was first called “Up dem Solte to Gytere” (ie “The salt at the grid”), from which the name “Salzgitter”, which has been used since 1533, developed. This name was transferred in 1951 to today's city of Salzgitter, which was founded in 1942 as Watenstedt-Salzgitter. The previous district of Salzgitter was renamed Salzgitter-Bad.

Founding history

Schuchart's map of the salt works Salzliebenhalle from 1725

In a document dated May 22, 1125, a pan point in lattice ("unum panstel in Gethere") and a salt works at lattice were mentioned for the first time and the acquisition of a salt pan by the convent Backenrode (today Marienrode near Hildesheim ) was attested. The Steterburg monastery was also involved in the salt works; well builders of the monastery repaired a defective salt well in the salt works in 1272.

The salt storage facility of the saline was probably built around 1125. The building lay east of the salt springs and was surrounded on two sides by the swamp, which made it easy to defend against attack. The initially only one-story building was raised by one floor in 1522. In addition to its function as a salt store, it also served the brewers as a warehouse and the mayor and councilors as an official building. This oldest building in Salzgitter, the Ratskeller Salzgitter , is still preserved today and is operated as a hotel and restaurant.

Ruins of the Jacobus Church in Vöppstedt

In order to enable settlement, the swamp around the salt spring was drained by up to seven meters high pile of rubble and shrubbery. The access path for the people of Vöppstedter was made passable by planks, this path is still called "Bohlweg" today. Around 1273, the saltworks district of the communities grid and Vöppstedt was protected by a rampart with a ditch, this area was about 10 hectares in size. Three gates led to the outside, the eastern gate to Vöppstedt, in the northeast was the Kniestedter gate and the western gate led to Haverlah and lattice. The first written evidence for these gates comes from 1531 and 1549. The salt boilers coming from the grid settled in the west of the enclosed area. The people of Vöppstedt left their old settlement and moved to the eastern area, around 1350 Vöppstedt was abandoned and fallen desolate.

The period between 1331 and 1337 is assumed for the foundation of the city, in which the place name "Dat Saltz" first appeared. Initially, the settlers from grid and Vöppstedt formed a double community with two mayors, but already had a common administration. When this separation was abandoned is not documented, but it is probably around 1370, when the place name “Up dem Solte to Gytere” (ie “The salt at the grid”) prevailed.

In older sources the assumption is made that the town had already received town charter around 1400. These refer to various documents in which city-like properties are mentioned. Salzgitter had two mayors, a council constitution, a council with five members and since 1471 its own seal, from which today's coat of arms is derived. The inhabitants were also referred to as "cives" as early as 1273. However, since there is no award certificate and Salzgitter never referred to itself as the “city” of Salzgitter, this thesis is rejected by a majority. In addition, the place never had its own jurisdiction, which is considered an indispensable feature of an independent city. Jurisdiction was exercised by the Lords of Kniestedt until 1370, after which it was transferred to the Bishop of Hildesheim, who passed it on to the Lords of Schwicheldt. After 1523 the Liebenburg office in Braunschweig was responsible for the jurisdiction.

In the Hildesheim beer feud (1481 to 1486), the city had remained loyal to Hildesheim Bishop Berthold II and recognized his demand for a beer tax. The city was then besieged by the opposing troops from Goslar and Braunschweig, and the wooden Marienkirche in Salzgitter and probably also the Jacobus Church in Vöppstedt were destroyed. The Marienkirche was not rebuilt, the Vöppstedter church was converted into a death church. As a replacement, the Salzgitteraner built a new St. Mariae Jakobi Church , which was dedicated to the saints of the two destroyed churches. The inscription of the St. Barbara storm bell, which dates back to the time the church was founded, reminds of the horrors of this attack.

Salzgitter under Brunswick rule (1523 to 1643)

As a result of the Hildesheim collegiate feud in 1523, a large part of the territory of the Hildesheim diocese was assigned to the Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel . This also included the Liebenburg office and thus Salzgitter and its salt springs. Emperor Charles V enfeoffed Duke Heinrich the Younger with the salt springs in 1530, who then placed the saltworks under his ducal administration. As an independent community called “Salzliebenhalle”, it was now independent of the surrounding Salzgitter. The residents of Salzgitter were initially able to continue working as workers on the salt works and received their wages, but the proceeds from the sale of the salt went to the Duke, so that the community became increasingly impoverished. Under Duke Julius (reign 1568–1589) the salt works were modernized, but he also employed Hessian salt boilers, so that unemployment in the city continued to rise. In order to alleviate poverty, his successor, Duke Heinrich Julius , granted the community three pfennigs for every boiled work of salt in 1590 as a replacement for the lost income. He also gave the town back the brewing rights and sold the brewery and the three restaurants that his father, Duke Heinrich the Younger, had previously expropriated.

In the “Hildesheim Main Recess” of 1643 it was agreed to return the areas allocated to the Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel after the Hildesheim collegiate feud in 1523 to the Principality of Hildesheim, so Salzgitter became Hildesheim again. Only the saltworks area remained the private property of the house in Braunschweig, since then the Salzliebenhalle was a ducal-Braunschweig enclave in Salzgitter, Hildesheim.

17th century to the beginning of the 20th century

Klesmer memorial

During the Thirty Years' War , Salzgitter was occupied several times by troops moving through and partially destroyed. The construction was not started until 1658 with the restoration of the Vöppstedter church as a death church and the windmill on Windmühlenberg. A fire in 1709 caused considerable destruction, which destroyed large areas of the church square. Two further major fires on September 20, 1720 and March 11, 1731 destroyed 14 and 18 houses respectively. Even during the Seven Years' War (1756 to 1763), Salzgitter was occupied by the French troops in 1757, 1760 and 1761 and had to pay a total of 23,000 thalers in contributions .

After the duchy of Hildesheim was secularized in 1802 , the city belonged to the Kingdom of Prussia . During the French period from 1807 to 1813, Salzgitter became part of the Kingdom of Westphalia . The city formed the canton of Salzgitter with the surrounding communities and belonged to the Goslar district in the Oker department . At that time, the saltworks was owned by the Kingdom of Westphalia, and the name "Salt Love Hall" was canceled. By resolution of the Congress of Vienna , the place was reassigned to the Kingdom of Hanover in 1815 . This was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia in 1866. The Office Liebenburg , which belonged to the place at that time, was disbanded in 1884 and from the city of Goslar and the previous office districts Liebenburg and Wöltingerode was the district of Goslar formed. The city belonged to this until the founding of today's city as Watenstedt-Salzgitter on April 1, 1942. Previously, on October 25, 1929, the city had been granted city rights.

At the beginning of the 19th century, the production of the salt works had to be reduced considerably. The reason was the restrictions on the export of Salzgitterchen salt, which from 1822 could only be sold in the Harz and Weser districts. Even before that, the income opportunities for the residents had steadily declined, which led to impoverishment and the emergence of traveling musicians - the Salzgitter Klesmer . Between 1790 and 1910, around 7,000 Klesmers from Salzgitter roamed the world. They had formed their own language for their daily life, the technical terms of which came from Rotwelschen and Low German . At home they were supported by the merchants, the Salzgittersche Bankhaus Sievers gave the necessary loans and kept the income paid in from abroad. To commemorate the musicians, a Klesmer monument was erected in 1963 and an annual Klesmer festival with ensembles from all over the world is held.

Industrialization since the 19th century

With the opening of the railway line of the Braunschweigische Südbahn from Börßum to Kreiensen in 1856 and the commissioning of the Salzgitter station in the following year, industrialization began for the city.

In 1858, the "Mechanical Hedegarn Spinning Mill" was founded at the gate. In 1869 this was expanded to become the “Mechanische Leineweberei Ahrens & Möker”, which was operated here until 1939 and then moved to Stadtoldendorf . At times 650 people were employed here.

The private bank Sievers was founded in 1865, the second bank was the Kreissparkasse opened in 1897. The cashier's offices were initially in a private apartment, and in 1925 they moved into a new building on Altstadtweg / Kaiserstraße. The Kreissparkasse acquired the Sievers bank at auction in 1930 and then moved into its office building on today's Klesmerplatz. In 1966 a new head office was built here, which was replaced by the current building in 1991. On January 1, 2002, the Sparkasse merged with Stadtsparkasse Goslar and Kreissparkasse Clausthal-Zellerfeld to form Sparkasse Goslar / Harz .

Salzgitter ironworks

The iron ore mine "Segen Gottes" (later Finkenkuhle mine ) started operations in 1867 as the first mining operation. The ore deposit had been discovered the year before by the saltworks inspector Albert Schloenbach. Schloenbach had previously reported on fields of what would later become the Hannoversche Treue mine . Based on these discoveries, Emil Langen founded the Salzgitter ironworks at the Gittertor in 1868, initially with two blast furnaces. Up to 600 people were employed here, most of whom Langen had brought to Salzgitter from his homeland, the Bergisches Land . Langen died in 1870 as a result of a boiler explosion; his ironworks later ran into economic difficulties and had to be closed in 1874.

Fürst Bismarck potash mine

Fürst Bismarck potash works in the background (around 1900)

After the Vienenburg and Thiederhall potash works were built in the vicinity , it was believed that they would also find what they were looking for in the search for potash salt and, in 1888, test drillings near Kniestedt began, but remained unsuccessful. A second drilling at the "Greif" near today's thermal brine bath allegedly found potash deposits at different depths. Then the “ Union Keys” was founded, which dug a shaft on the site of today's Greifpark in Salzgitter-Bad from 1896 . When potash salts were still not found at a depth of 1075 meters - at that time one of the deepest potash shafts in Germany - work was stopped in 1903 due to unsuccessfulness and the plant was demolished in 1907. The total construction costs of the mine were seven million marks.

Iron ore mining

Anton Raky , the inventor of the high-speed drill crane and a deep drilling entrepreneur known far beyond Germany, relocated his company headquarters from Erkelenz to Salzgitter in 1920 . Here he first founded a workshop for the repair of drilling equipment on Windmühlenberg and expanded it into a machine factory for the production of drilling machines, which was converted into "Anton Raky Tiefbohrungen AG" in 1925. In the Harz foreland and especially in the Salzgitter area, he carried out exploratory drilling from 1919 to 1922 on behalf of the "Erzstudiengesellschaft" founded by the steelworks in the Ruhr area and provided evidence of extensive ore deposits. These investigations later formed the basis for the decision to set up iron ore mining and to build the Hermann Göring Reichswerke in today's Salzgitter. After his company went bankrupt in 1933, it was leased to "Bergbau AG Salzgitter", founded in 1923, and taken over in 1937 by the Reichswerke, which had recently been founded. Today's Salzgitter Maschinenbau AG (SMAG) emerged from the company in 1951 , and its business areas still include mining technology and the construction of mobile drilling rigs.

Map of the ore mining pits in the south of Salzgitter

Between 1830 and 1930 there were numerous small businesses in which ore was extracted, partly in open-cast mines and partly in small tunnels. In the area around Salzgitter this was u. a. the Morgenröthe pits (operating 1858/59, 1893) and God's blessing (both later Finkenkuhle pit, operating 1865–1874, 1887–1900, 1919–1930). In the Kniestedt area, the Hinterlist pits (operation 1868/70, 1917–1930) and Zuversicht (operation 1868–1871, 1917–1930) were operated, both of which later belonged to the Hannoversche Treue mine.

For the operation of his ironworks at the gate, Emil Langen had the iron ore a. a. Have it delivered via specially laid narrow-gauge railways from the opencast mines of the later Finkenkuhle and Hannoversche Treue mines. After the ironworks closed in 1874, operations in the pits were also stopped again. The fields of the Hannoversche Treue mine had been acquired by Ilseder Hütte in 1893 , and mining was resumed in 1917 and operated until 1930. The Finkenkuhle open-cast mine was reopened in 1928 by the United Steelworks (VESTAG), which had gained the Kuxen majority in 1927 ; operations were discontinued in 1930 for economic reasons.

When the Reichswerke Hermann Göring was founded, the mining operations in the Salzgitters area were taken over by the Reichswerke on October 1, 1937. At the Finkenkuhle mine, open-cast mining was expanded further. In civil engineering, mining began in 1939 and the pit was connected underground to the neighboring grid. By 1940, further pits were excavated near Hohenrode and Ringelheim and added to the network. After the end of the war, the Finkenkuhle mine resumed operations in 1946, and in 1948 the associated grid and Georg mine as well. The ore reserves in the Finkenkuhle open-cast mine were exhausted in 1953, and civil engineering operations were also discontinued in 1956.

The Hannoversche Treue open-cast mine was operated until 1948; a total of 2.86 million tons of ore have been mined here since the middle of the 19th century. In the southwest of the opencast mine, the Hannoversche Treue Süd shaft (called shaft 1 from 1952/53 onwards) was sunk in 1938. Further pits were built in the Engerode and Calbecht area. The Hannoversche Treue mine ceased operations in May 1967. The buildings of shaft 1 were preserved after the closure, except for the winding tower, and today (2016) they house the municipal building yard and the city archive of the city of Salzgitter.

Development from 1937 to 1945

Establishment of the Reichswerke and the city

As part of the four-year plan announced by the National Socialist government in October 1936, the German economy was not only able to fight war, but also its independence from foreign raw materials. To this end, the government decided to make the iron ore deposits discovered in the Salzgitter area the basis for a steelworks to be built here. For this purpose, the contract for the establishment of the Reichswerke Aktiengesellschaft for ore mining and ironworks "Hermann Göring" ("Hermann Göring Works") was signed in the Ratskeller on July 15, 1937 . Preparatory work to start ore mining began on September 15, 1937.

One of the demands of the Reichswerke had been to eliminate the administrative confusion in the development area. The responsibilities at that time were distributed among more than 40 authorities in the federal states of Braunschweig and Prussia, among other things there were various offices that were responsible for building law, mining and water law. In preparation for this, on August 1, 1941, the ordinance on territorial adjustments in the area of ​​the Hermann-Göring-Werke Salzgitter (called Salzgitter Law ) came into force. Afterwards u. a. the district of Goslar, to which parts of the development area belonged, from the Prussian province of Hanover to the state of Braunschweig . As a result, on April 1, 1942, the city of "Watenstedt-Salzgitter" (today's Salzgitter) was founded from 28 communities in the districts of Goslar and Wolfenbüttel as well as some sub-areas of neighboring communities.

Construction of barracks camps

Memorial stone for the Salzgitter-Bad concentration camp

At the same time as the ore mining was set up, barracks were built to accommodate the construction workers and the first miners. First of all, camp 1 for the workers at the Finkenkuhle mine and camp 2 for those who work at Hannoversche Treue. The camp 1 was between today's Brunswick Street and the railway line. In 1941 there were 16 team barracks as well as several administrative and economic barracks. At the end of the war, around 800 workers lived here, most of them from abroad. The camp 2 was north of the Kniestedt and east of the open pit. In 1940 the camp consisted of eight team barracks as well as economic and administrative barracks. The number of records was given as 840 people, at the end of the war 449 people lived here.

The bearing 12 (northwest of grid), and bearing 20 (at the Windmühlenberg over the current SMAG) were purchased 1938th In the late summer of 1944, the civil workers' camp 43 on what was then the southern outskirts , which had been used by companies, was converted into a satellite camp of the Neuengamme concentration camp . In this Salzgitter-Bad concentration camp, up to 500 women were housed in four barracks who had to work in the armaments factories of the Reichswerke. On April 7, 1945, the camp was evacuated before the arrival of the Allied soldiers and the women were taken to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp together with the prisoners from the other concentration camps .

With the exception of the Salzgitter-Bad concentration camp, all of the above-mentioned camps were handed over to UNRRA after the end of the war to accommodate foreigners who could not return to their homeland - so-called Displaced Persons (DPs). Camps 1 and 2 were used to accommodate refugees from 1950. The factory hospital in Camp 12 was expanded into a hospital in 1949/50; the barracks that were no longer needed were demolished. After 1950, part of the wooden barracks in Camp 20 were demolished, and a middle school and kindergarten were set up in the others.

Construction of housing estates

The construction of housing estates began in early 1938. For this purpose, the lands of the Kniestedt estate were taken over by the Reichswerke. On these areas, north and west of Kniestedt, the Ostsiedlung ( SA settlement until 1945 ) and the Westsiedlung (until 1945 Fliegersiedlung ), the Bismarckian settlement ( near the Bismarck tower ), the civil servants' settlement, the forest settlement and the valley settlement were built. The plans provided for 8,000 residential units, around 3,600 had been completed by the end of the war. Mainly two-storey detached and terraced houses were built, the apartments were 60–80 m² in size, had five rooms and a toilet on two floors, as well as a small garden. In the southern part of the city, the Salzgitter housing association (founded in 1926) built a total of 218 apartments by 1945, which were primarily intended for administrative employees.

Development since 1945

On January 24, 1951, the city was renamed Salzgitter and all parts of the city were given the prefix "Salzgitter" to their previous names. B. the district of lattice became "Salzgitter-lattice". The previous Salzgitter has now become Salzgitter-Bad with recognition of its status as a saltwater spa .

Industrial development in the post-war years

In the post-war years, two vehicle factories had set up on both sides of the railway line. The Kannenberg vehicle factory (FAKA) was founded in Gdansk in 1923 and moved to the Lattertor after the war. FAKA became known in the early 1950s as a manufacturer of buses and scooters. Production was relocated to Bückeburg in 1958, and in 1973 the company was taken over by the Kögel vehicle works . The second automobile manufacturer was Autowerke Salzgitter (AWS), which was founded in August 1945 under the name "Janssen & Mikolajczyk OHG" as a repair shop for American jeeps. The company later specialized in converting US Army jeeps left behind in Europe into commercial vehicles. At the end of 1950 the plant had to file for bankruptcy, by then around 11,000 Jeeps had been converted into 8-seater cars and delivery vans. Most recently the company had 543 employees.

Urban redevelopment

Vorsalzer Strasse, looking west
Marketplace with Ratskeller

After large parts of the city center were flooded by the Warne in 1936 , it was piped up between 1950 and 1955. For this purpose, an underground canal was built at a depth of six meters under the old town, through which the Warne has been guided ever since. The beginning of the Warne Canal is at Salgenteich, the end at Schützenplatz. At the beginning of the 16th century, the course of the Warne had been moved further north to outside the fortifications in order to protect the salt wells and the settlement. Due to the large catchment area of ​​the river, however, there were repeated floods.

The "Small Town Hall" on the market square was opened in 1972 as a branch of the town hall in Lebenstedt. Attached to the town hall is a city library, which was last enlarged in 2013 and which has since offered 36,000 media on an area of ​​around 1000 m². In 1966 the “Städtische Krankenhaus Salzgitter-Bad” was opened in the northern area of ​​the district. After the completion of the new clinic in Lebenstedt (2010), operations were relocated there, and since then there has only been the St. Elisabeth Hospital in Salzgitter-Bad.

By 1976, Marktstrasse, Vöppstedter Tor and Vorsalzer Strasse had been redesigned into a pedestrian zone. The Kniestedter manor house, built in 1533, was moved to the former spa park behind the Ratskeller in 1975/76. Between 1980 and 1982, the Garßenhof in the neighboring grid district was dismantled and rebuilt as a bed block for the historic Ratskeller. The former spa park is now called the "rose garden" and is also known as the "traditional island" in connection with the three historic half-timbered houses there (Tillyhaus, Kniestedter Gutshaus and Garßenhof). The neighboring market square was redesigned in 1975 and 2015.

The first shopping center outside the city center opened on Porschestrasse in 1976, and closed again in 2007. The site of the freight yard was converted into a shopping park in 1998, and another shopping park was opened on Pfingstanger in 2008/09. New residential areas were mainly built in the south of the city, such as the areas “Lange Wanne / Hinter dem Salze” and “Windmühlenberg / Mahner Berg”.

State-approved place with brine spa

The brine extracted from the saltworks has also been used for bathing purposes since 1879; a first bathing room was set up in the Tillyhaus for this purpose. A private bathhouse was completed in 1886, and in 1911 it was replaced by a larger building in the “spa garden”. On February 16, 1972, a new thermal brine wave pool was opened east of the Greifpark , which is supplied with 20-25% brine via a 243 m deep borehole sunk on the site of the old salt works. The old bathhouse was then closed and the Garßenhof was later built in its place.

In 1985, the state of Lower Saxony first awarded Salzgitter-Bad the title “State-approved site with brine spa”. This recognition was renewed in 2010.

Shortly after the opening of the bathing business, the place was referred to in advertising from the 1880s as "Bad Salzgitter" or "Solbad Salzgitter". The city also used this name in its seal and letterhead, and even the place name sign at the train station was adapted. However, since there was no approval from the Prussian Ministry of the Interior, the city was asked not to use the new name without permission. The dispute dragged on for a long time and only after Salzgitter had been granted city charter in 1929 did the city submit a corresponding application. This was not granted, however, the name "Bad Salzgitter" was still common. Since 1951, the district has been called "Salzgitter-Bad" with recognition of the saltwater pool. In May 2007, the local council of the locality south again suggested changing the place name to "Bad Salzgitter", but this suggestion was rejected by the city council.

Central registration office of the state justice administrations

Memorial for the central registration office

The Central Evidence and Documentation Office of the State Justice Administrations (ZESt) , which was established in 1961 and was active until 1992, was located in Salzgitter-Bad, providing evidence of completed or attempted killing (for example on the inner-German border ), unjust judgments for political reasons, mistreatment in prison and kidnapping or should document political persecution in the GDR . The building has been used as a police station since it was closed; next to the entrance, a memorial with an original piece of the Berlin Wall commemorates the ZESt.

Former settlements in the Salzgitter-Bad area

Vöppstedt

One of the earliest settlements in the area of ​​today's district of Salzgitter-Bad was the village of Vöppstedt, which was mentioned as early as 941 in a document from the Ringelheim monastery . The settlement was in the east of today's city in the area of ​​the Vöppstedter ruins. Originally this was the St. Jacobus Church of Vöppstedt, which was destroyed by acts of war in the 15th and 16th centuries. Century had been destroyed several times. After the St. Mariae Jakobi Church (old town church) was built, the Vöppstedter Church was used as a church for the dead until 1803, today the ruin is a memorial for the victims of wars and violence.

From the village of Vöppstedt, the salt boilers went about their work at the nearby salt springs in what was then the swampy area of ​​today's rose garden. Over the course of several centuries, they succeeded in draining the swamp through embankments up to seven meters high. After the saltworks area had been secured by ramparts and ditches at the beginning of the 14th century, the people of Vöppstedt moved to the new town and by 1350 Vöppstedt had fallen desolately .

Salt love hall

Salt works with derrick and boiler house (1853)

The "Guts Bezirk Salzliebenhalle" comprised the area of ​​the salt works Salzliebenhalle . After Duke Heinrich the Younger had acquired the salt works in 1523, he made this area an independent municipality, independent of Salzgitter, and placed it under his administration. This remained so even after 1643, when the Duchy of Braunschweig had to give back the areas of the former “Großer Stift”. Salzgitter then belonged again to the diocese of Hildesheim and Salzliebenhalle was since then a ducal-Braunschweig enclave . After the salt works were closed in 1926, the Salzliebenhalle was incorporated into Salzgitter on October 1, 1928. At that time there were eight houses in the manor district, in which 47 residents lived, the area was given as about 2.1 hectares.

Kniestedt

Kniestedter manor house

The village of Kniestedt was first mentioned in 1209 in a document from Pope Innocent III. mentioned, but it is assumed that the first settlement dates from the pre-Franconian period. The place was the main seat of the noble family of the same name until the 19th century . The origin of the place lay north of today's Braunschweiger Strasse in the area of ​​Kriemhildstrasse, Heinrich-Ahrens-Strasse and the Heerklinke, here was the first parent house of the von Kniestedt family. Later the family seat was moved near the Kniestedter church , the Kniestedter manor house next to the church still bears witness to this today. The local area ranged from the Warne in the south to Engerode in the north, in the west from Galberg to the Fuchsbach (Vosspass settlement) in the east.

As part of the development of ore mining and the Hermann Göring works, housing estates for the miners employed in the nearby mining operations were built in the north and west of the town from 1937. On April 1, 1938, Kniestedt was incorporated into Salzgitter (-Bad).

The city of Salzgitter acquired the estate south of Braunschweiger Straße in 1973. The manor house from 1698, the sheepfold and the former St. Nikolai Church (Kniestedter Church) are still preserved. The manor house, built in 1533, was converted into the rose garden in 1975/76.

Pre-salt (Petershagen)

The settlement probably arose in the mid-14th century in a narrow area between the northern wall and the Warne River. Settlers were mainly salt boilers from Kniestedt, later craftsmen who worked on the saltworks also settled there. Since 1739 the settlement was called "Vorsalz" because of its location outside the saltworks. When Vorsalz was incorporated into Salzgitter on April 1, 1926, the community consisted of 28 houses.

Vosspaß

The Vosspass settlement is located south of the B 248 on the eastern outskirts of Salzgitter-Bad. The settlement was founded after the end of the 30 Years War , after the valley of the Warne was drained. In the middle of the 19th century there were seven houses with about 45 inhabitants. The settlement originally belonged to Groß Mahner and was incorporated into Salzgitter-Bad when the city was founded in 1942.

Lattice gate and grating

At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century, a district consisting of only a few houses was built on the way to lattice - the "lattice gate". The settlement was in the field of grids, but because of its proximity, the residents oriented themselves to the town of Salzgitter from the start. In terms of administration, the gate also belonged to the nearby city in most matters (e.g. water and energy supply, garbage disposal, fire brigade). Against the resistance of the population of Gitter, the district of Gittertor was incorporated into Salzgitter on April 1, 1936.

In connection with the establishment of the Reichswerke, in particular ore mining in the area of ​​Salzgitter and Grid, the Reichswerke demanded that the community of grid be incorporated into Salzgitter. The community resisted this, but ultimately unsuccessfully, and on April 1, 1940, grid was incorporated into the neighboring Salzgitter. The district of lattice regained its independence on April 25, 1949 and thus became the 29th district of Watenstedt-Salzgitter.

Population development

At the beginning of the 19th century, Salzgitter had 1,496 inhabitants in 302 households (excluding Kniestedt). Due to the beginning of industrialization, this number had risen to 2161 inhabitants in 503 households by 1900. Due to the establishment of the Reichswerke and ore mining and the flow of refugees that began after the end of the war, the district already had 23,051 inhabitants in 1946, the provisional maximum was reached in 1960 with 25,434 inhabitants. The number of inhabitants fluctuated only a little until 2000, since then it has been falling slowly, following the general trend in the city of Salzgitter, and was just over 20,000 at the end of 2015.

Sources: The population figures from 1821 to 2000 are based on the statistical yearbook of the Department for Economics and Statistics of the city of Salzgitter. The population statistics from 2001 are based on the monthly statistical reports of the city of Salzgitter (residents with main residence) according to the population register at the end of December.

religion

St. Mariae Jakobi Church (ev.)
St. Mary's Church (Catholic)

Salzgitter-Bad is the seat of an Evangelical Lutheran Propstei; It includes the Gnadenkirche on Burgstrasse, the Holy Trinity Church, consecrated in 1967, on Friedrich-Ebert-Strasse, the St. Mariae Jakobi Church in the old town and the Martin Luther Church on Martin Luther Square. A Protestant kindergarten is located near each church. The three Protestant parishes have formed a church association together with the Christ parish since 2018 .

Salzgitter-Bad is the seat of the Catholic parish of St. Marien, in Salzgitter-Bad, in addition to the St. Mary's Church built in 1888/89 in the old town, the Christ the King Church , built in 1959/60 between Breite Straße and Wilhelm , belongs to it -Busch-Weg located. The Christ-König kindergarten on Gablonzer Straße and the old town cemetery also belong to the parish. In the old town there is also the Catholic St. Elisabeth Hospital , which has a chapel.

A New Apostolic Church , whose congregation was founded in 1937, is located on Braunschweiger Straße.

The Church of the Redeemer in Kriemhildstrasse belongs to the Evangelical Free Church Congregation ( Baptists ) .

The mosque of the Islamic-Turkish community is located on Braunschweiger Straße, it was opened in 2007.

The Kniestedter Church on Braunschweiger Straße was desecrated in 1972 and has been used for cultural events since 1985.

The existence of a small Jewish community (with up to 35 members) in Salzgitter-Bad has been documented since 1810. The community existed until 1937, the community's Jewish cemetery is still preserved today.

politics

Local council

coat of arms

The coat of arms of Salzgitter-Bad is a redesign of the coat of arms of the old salt town of Salzgitter, which was officially used until 1850 and rediscovered in 1982 during restoration work. Compared to the current version, only a man's head was shown in the upper half of the old coat of arms, without the representation of the pyramid. A similar coat of arms had been used earlier by the council of Salzliebenhall, here the representation of the pyramid was also present. This representation can also be found on a civic bell of the St. Mariae Jakobi Church that was cast around 1750 and the magistrate used it on its seals in the first half of the 19th century.

Today's coat of arms shows in the lower half two salt hooks as a symbol of the old salt city, in the upper half a man's head in a pyramid. There are different attempts at interpretation: some see it as a symbol of John the Baptist , whose head lies on a bowl. Others see here a representation of St. Jacobus , to whom the town's rampart church, built in 1481 (today St. Mariae Jakobi Church), was consecrated.

The coat of arms was accepted as the local coat of arms of Salzgitter-Bad at a citizens' meeting in April 2008.

Culture and sights

tourism

Old town
Traditional island (rose garden). From left: Tillyhaus, Kniestedter Gutshaus, Garßenhof. In the foreground graduation pavilion

Salzgitter-Bad is a "state-approved place with brine operation". The former brine bath in the old town near the saltworks at that time, Salzliebenhalle , whose rock salt deposit was drilled at a depth of 224 m in 1849–1851, was replaced in 1972 by a thermal brine bath on the outskirts. On October 23, 2009, a graduation pavilion was inaugurated in the rose garden, which was initiated by the Bad Salzgitter e. V. was built with donations.

The Salzgitter Bismarck Tower, inaugurated in 1900 near the 275.30 m high Hamberg , has a large "homecoming cross" that is illuminated in the evening and can be seen from afar. There is also an excursion restaurant. Hiking trails lead through the Salzgitter ridge to Salzgitter-Gebhardshagen, among others .

Since 1976, every summer is that of the Committee civil parties aligned Altstadtfest instead. For three days you can buy food, drink, accessories , handicrafts and more at this street festival . There are events of the associations and parishes. Music bands perform in public places. The pageant of the clubs through the streets of the old town concludes.

To commemorate the Klesmer - the Salzgitter traveling musicians of the 19th century - the Klesmer Festival takes place once a year, to which musicians from all over the world perform in Salzgitter.

Theater, music and cinema

The local theater associations often use the high school auditorium for performances. Various cultural events (e.g. readings, concerts, cabaret) take place in the deconsecrated Kniestedter Church .

The small art house cinema , which has received multiple public funding and is run on an honorary basis, offers two mainstream films and the program series “The Special Film” twice a week. Every year the “cinema spring” is held here, during which a particularly large number of different films are shown over a period of one week.

Buildings

Tilly house from 1595 or 1608

The Tillyhaus, the administration building of the salt works, was built in 1595 or 1608. In August 1626, after the battle at Lutter am Barenberge had been won, the Imperial General Tilly set up his headquarters in this house , from which the current name of the house was later derived. Later it was the seat of the salt works administration and the apartment of the respective tenant. The city acquired the half-timbered house in 1977 and then had it completely renovated. In memory of the city's traveling musicians, a “Klesmerstube” was set up here.

The oldest building in the city is the Ratskeller on the market square, which was probably built at the beginning of the 12th century. The buildings worth seeing include the Tillyhaus, Garßenhof and Kniestedter Gutshaus , which are arranged next to the market square as a so-called "traditional island" . Also of particular interest are the St. Mariae Jakobi Church , built in 1488, and the Catholic St. Marien Church by Richard Herzig in the city center, completed in 1889 , the remains of the Jakobus Church built in the 12th century , the ruins of Vöppstedter , the former Kniestedter church, which has been used as an event location since 1985, and the Kniestedter manor house in the former district of Kniestedt, the train station from 1857 and the Bismarck tower from 1900.

Parks

Information board at the entrance to the Greifpark

In the historic old town is the "rose garden" with graduation pavilion. The “Greifpark” created on the site of the former “Fürst Bismarck” potash mine serves as a local recreation area. After the potash mine was blown up, the site lay fallow until the end of the First World War. In the following years, on the initiative and under the direction of Reinhard Martin Stoot (1863–1944), the facility was converted into a green area. Stoot, who was a photographer, painter and landscape gardener and who was known locally under the name “Uncle Stoot”, had the park embellished with fairy tale and legend characters, which were formed from the rubble of the old buildings. This is how the meter-high “Wild Man” at the entrance of the facility, the “Seven Raven” and the “Sleeping Beauty Castle”, the group “Little Red Riding Hood and the Bad Wolf”, “Hansel and Gretel” and a sculpture of the “Vogel Greif” were created. The park and its figures were classified as “degenerate art” by the National Socialists. As a result, the sculptures were blown up in early 1940.

Between 1956 and 1963 the Greifpark was redesigned into a recreational facility. Parts of the fairy tale trail were reopened in 2015, and visitors can access information via information boards at the stations of the old fairy tale characters.

Sports

Tennis , equestrian , golf and other sports facilities on Mahner Berg complete the range of soccer fields and school gyms. Salzgitter-Bad no longer has an outdoor pool. Swimming can be practiced to a limited extent in the thermal brine bath.

Economy and Infrastructure

SMAG premises in Salzgitter-Bad

Salzgitter-Bad is the headquarters of Salzgitter Maschinenbau AG (SMAG), which employs around 900 people in Salzgitter-Bad, Braunschweig , Peine , Döbeln and Shanghai and generated sales of around 143 million euros in the 2012/2013 financial year scored. The company provides u. a. Mine technology, mobile drilling rigs, cabins and driver's cabs as well as antenna supports for military and civil applications. The subsidiary Peiner SMAG Lifting Technologies GmbH (PSLT), also based in Salzgitter-Bad, which was legally independent in 2014 and which produces the so-called Peiner grippers primarily for port handling, contributes the largest share of sales .

In the past, mineral water was extracted and distributed from three sources - the most famous of which is the "Irenenquelle" . In the “Small Town Hall” on the market square of Salzgitter-Bad, some of the city administration offices have branches; there is also a branch of the city library. The Salzgitteraner Stadtarchiv is located in the north on the site of the former Hannoversche Treue Süd mine.

education

There are four primary schools in Salzgitter-Bad. Moreover, there are after the merging of several schools in a school form for academic year 2005/06 the school Salzgitter-Bad , the Realschule Salzgitter-Bad , and Dr. Klaus Schmidt Elementary School .

traffic

railroad

Salzgitter-Bad station building, view from the south, d. H. from the station forecourt

Salzgitter-Bad is located on the Salzgitter-Bad-Braunschweig and Börßum-Kreiensen railway lines , although the latter between Salzgitter-Bad and Börßum ( Warnetalbahn ) is only open to museums. In the other directions, trains run every hour from Herzberg am Harz via Seesen and Salzgitter to Braunschweig (in the opposite direction accordingly). In addition, a route from the Peine-Salzgitter transport company (VPS) branches off to the Salzgitter AG iron and steel works . The station building is a listed building . It is surrounded by a station forecourt designed as a garden. The area of ​​the freight yard has been converted into a shopping park.

bus

Bus routes are mainly used between Salzgitter-Bad and the neighboring towns. In addition to a bus network within Salzgitter-Bad, you can reach the other districts of Salzgitters as well as Braunschweig, Goslar , Seesen and Baddeckestedt from the central bus station next to the train station .

Street

Salzgitter-Bad has no direct motorway connection. Are located near the A7 to the motorway junction Salzgitter and the junction Derneburg -Salzgitter the west, the A 39 with the Salzgitteraner junctions in the north and the A36 in the direction of Liebenburg in the east. The B 6 and B 248 run through Salzgitter-Bad and their common course is similar to a motorway. Salzgitter-Bad and Salzgitter-Lebenstedt are connected to one another by the north-south road , a partially four-lane expressway.

literature

  • Heinz Kolbe, Wolfram Forche and Max Humburg: the history of the saltworks salt-love hall and the old salt town . In: Stadtarchiv Salzgitter (Ed.): Contributions to the city history . tape 1 . Salzgitter 1988.
  • Heinz Kolbe: Salzgitter Chronicle . Ed .: Cultural Office of the City of Salzgitter. Salzgitter 1983 (timetable for the history of the city of Salzgitter).
  • Heinz Kolbe, Wolfram Forche, Max Humburg, Siegfried Schreuer: From the earth and settlement history of Salzgitter . Ed .: Salzgitter Catholic Family Education Center. Salzgitter 1986.
  • Wolfgang Benz (Ed.): Salzgitter - Past and Present of a German City - 1942–1992 . Verlag CH Beck, Munich 1992, ISBN 3-406-35573-0 .
  • Hans-Heinrich Quentmeier: Salzgitter under Brunswick rule . In: Geschichtsverein Salzgitter eV (Ed.): Salzgitter Year Book 1989 . tape 11 , 1989, pp. 44-189 .
  • Franz Zobel : The home book of the district of Goslar . Verlag der Goslarschen Zeitung Karl Krause, 1928, p. 1-24 .
  • Hans H. Quentmeier: The economic and social history of the Brunswick country from the Middle Ages to the present . Ed .: Jörg Leuschner, Karl Heinrich Kaufhold, Claudia Märtl. Volume II: Early Modern . Georg Olms Verlag, Hildesheim 2008, ISBN 978-3-487-13597-7 , Salt production and salt trade in the early modern period, S. 386-407 .
  • Mining in Salzgitter - The history of mining and the life of miners from the beginning to the present . In: Office for History, Culture and Homeland Preservation of the City of Salzgitter, Editing: Heinrich Korthöber, Jörg Leuschner, Reinhard Försterling and Sigrid Lux ​​(eds.): Contributions to city history . tape 13 . Appelhans, Salzgitter 1997, ISBN 3-930292-05-X .

Web links

Commons : Salzgitter  - Picture gallery of the city of Salzgitter
Commons : Salzgitter-Bad  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The Statistical Yearbook of the City of Salzgitter 2016 (page 17; PDF; 4.5 MB) shows the area of ​​the districts of Salzgitter-Bad and lattice only together (since 2016: 2221.7 hectares), as these districts do not form separate districts . The area proportions of the individual districts were measured using the map.
  2. ↑ Kirstin Casemir: The place names of the district Wolfenbüttel and the city of Salzgitter (=  Lower Saxony place name book . Volume 3 ). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte, 2003, ISBN 3-89534-483-4 , p. 278-279 (same time: Diss University of Goettingen., 2002).
  3. ↑ Mechthild Wiswe : The field names of the Salzgitter area . Self-published by the Braunschweigischer Geschichtsverein, Braunschweig 1970, DNB  458674877 , p. 480–481 (At the same time: Diss. University of Göttingen, 1968).
  4. ↑ Kolbe: Siedlungsgeschichte , p. 16
  5. ^ Franz Zobel and Klaus Karich: 700 years Ratskeller zu Salzgitter . Appelhans printing works, Salzgitter 1986, p. 9 ff .
  6. ^ Kolbe: Saline Salzliebenhalle , pp. 55–58, 177
  7. ^ Kolbe: Salzgitter Chronik , p. 54
  8. ^ Zobel: Heimatbuch des Landkreis Goslar , p. 2ff
  9. ↑ Kolbe: Salzgitter Chronik , pp. 55–62
  10. ^ Kolbe: Geschichte Salzliebenhalle , pp. 100, 182
  11. ↑ Church council of the Evangelical Lutheran parish of St. Mariae-Jakobi Salzgitter-Bad (ed.): 500 years of St. Mariae-Jakobi Salzgitter-Bad . Salzgitter 1988, p. 42 .
  12. ^ Kolbe: Geschichte Salzliebenhalle , pp. 64–66, 71–74
  13. ↑ Zobel: Heimatbuch the district Goslar , p.6
  14. ^ Kolbe: Siedlungsgeschichte , p. 170
  15. ↑ City of Salzgitter: hiking musicians (Klesmer)
  16. ↑ Bad Salzgitter Citizens' Association: Mechanical linen weaving at the gate ( Memento from August 1, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
  17. ↑ Horst-Günther Lange: The Salzgitter and Othfresen ironworks - sources for the first two large-scale iron ore smelting operations in the 19th century . In: Geschichtsverein Salzgitter eV (Ed.): Salzgitter Yearbook 1990 . tape 12 , 1990, ISSN  0723-757X , pp. 109-149 .
  18. ^ Mining in Salzgitter , pp. 28–32
  19. ^ Mining in Salzgitter , pp. 53–58
  20. ↑ Kolbe: Salzgitter Chronicle , p. 47
  21. ↑ W. Benz: Salzgitter 1942–1992 , pp. 78–91
  22. ^ Gudrun Pischke: Europe works at the Reichswerke . The National Socialist camp system in Salzgitter (=  Salzgitter Research . Volume 2 ). Archive of the city of Salzgitter, Salzgitter 1995, DNB  964471264 , S. 289, 297 ff .
  23. ^ Mining in Salzgitter , pp. 361–376
  24. ↑ The Warne is clean underground , Salzgitter-Zeitung of September 11, 2012
  25. ^ Department for Economics and Statistics: Statistisches Jahrbuch 2016. Stadt Salzgitter, p. 138 , accessed on February 23, 2020 (book and media inventory 2013 to 2016).
  26. ^ Kolbe: History of the Salt Love Hall , p. 110
  27. ↑ Officially, there was never a “Bad Salzgitter” , Salzgitter newspaper from September 25, 2014
  28. ↑ Hartmut Alder: The desert areas of the Salzgitter area . In: Geschichtsverein Salzgitter eV (Ed.): Salzgitter Yearbook 1985 . tape 7 , 1988, pp. 27-29 .
  29. ↑ Kolbe: Saline Salzliebenhalle , pp. 64–66, 96–98
  30. ^ Wilhelm Schrader: Supplement and summary of typewritten works on the chronicle of the former village of Kniestedt (Goslar district) . Self-published, Salzgitter-Bad 1982, p. 69-77 .
  31. ^ Archives of the city of Salzgitter and the village community grid (ed.): Grid - Twelve centuries of history . 1996, p. 107-110 .
  32. ^ Department for economics and statistics: Statistical yearbook of the city of Salzgitter. City of Salzgitter, accessed on February 22, 2020 (total number of eligible residents (main and secondary residence) © City of Salzgitter).
  33. ^ Department for Economics and Statistics: Monthly Statistical Reports of the City of Salzgitter. City of Salzgitter, accessed on February 22, 2020 (Population at the location of the main residence © City of Salzgitter).
  34. ^ City of Salzgitter: Holy Trinity Church in Salzgitter-Bad
  35. ^ Arnold Rabbow: New Braunschweigisches Wappenbuch . Braunschweiger Zeitungsverlag, 2003, ISBN 3-926701-59-5 , p. 32-33 .
  36. ^ Old coat of arms of Salzgitter-Bad , Salzgitter Zeitung of April 10, 2008, p. 24.
  37. ^ Kolbe: History of the Salt Love Hall , p. 76
  38. ↑ O. Kiecker, C. Borchers (Ed.): Kunstdenkmäler der Provinz Hannover . Issue 7: District of Goslar. Self-published by the provincial administration, Hanover 1937, p. 229 .
  39. ^ Astrid Voss: Gardens and parks in Salzgitter . In: Geschichtsverein Salzgitter eV (Ed.): Salzgitter Yearbook 1987 . tape 9 , 1987, pp. 51-80 .
  40. ↑ world-qr.com: Fairy Tale Path in Greifpark
  41. ↑ SMAG website, found on December 17, 2014 ( memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.smag.de
  42. ↑ SMAG website, found on November 28, 2015 ( memento of the original from December 8, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.smag.de
  43. ↑ SMAG website, found on December 17, 2014 ( memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.smag.de
  44. ↑ website of PSLT found on December 17, 2014
  45. ↑ salzgitter.de: Primary Schools in Salzgitter
  46. ↑ gsbonline.de: Gymnasium Salzgitter-Bad
  47. ↑ rs-sz-bad.de: Realschule Salzgitter-Bad
  48. ↑ Dr.-Klaus-Schmidt-Hauptschule / dr-klaus-schmidt-hauptschule.de