Derneburg

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Derneburg
Holle municipality
Coat of arms of Derneburg
Coordinates: 52 ° 5 ′ 52 ″  N , 10 ° 7 ′ 50 ″  E
Height : 100 m
Residents : 570  (Nov. 30, 2017)
Incorporation : March 1, 1974
Postal code : 31188
Area code : 05062
Derneburg Castle with glass house and coach house, domain on the right

Derneburg and Astenbeck are districts of the municipality of Holle in the Hildesheim district . Derneburg is located in the Harz foreland on the county road  306 between the Hildesheimer Börde and the Wohldenberg . A junction of the federal motorway 7 is called Derneburg / Salzgitter . Astenbeck is around one kilometer from Derneburg. The places are idyllically located on a river valley, where the Nette flows into the innermost . The local history has been determined since the 13th century by the Derneburg Monastery , which was converted into Derneburg Castle in the 19th century .

history

On March 1, 1974, Derneburg was incorporated into the municipality of Holle.

Derneburg and Astenbeck

Astenbeck distillery property

Although Derneburg and Astenbeck present themselves to the visitor today as two spatially separate places, they still belong together. Derneburg is the larger settlement that was built in several sections between 1960 and 1973. In the 12th century, Derneburg consisted of only one manor owned by Count Hermann I von Winzenburg .

Astenbeck is a village first mentioned in a document in 826 with about 1000 acres of land. Since the Middle Ages it has been part of a common estate district with Derneburg. Astenbeck is characterized by a few older houses, especially the grain distillery built in 1818 and the (now closed) tavern belonging to the Prince of Münster .

Monastery and castle history

Monastery period

Derneburg Castle (west side)

Originally there was a manor house in Derneburg, which the brothers Hermann I and Heinrich von Winzenburg had as a fiefdom from Burchard I von Loccum . Hermann murdered his liege lord in 1130. Thereupon his son Hermann II handed over his court in Derneburg to Bishop Bernhard I of Hildesheim as atonement for the deed of his father with the proviso that a nunnery be founded. This originated in 1213 when the convent of the Augustinian nuns was moved from Holle to Derneburg. In the following 10 years, the monastery expanded its property and added countless properties and tithe levies from the surrounding villages. At the beginning of the 14th century the monastery became impoverished and in 1370 it was excommunicated . In 1443 the monastery came to the Cistercians , who sent nuns from the Wöltingerode monastery to Derneburg.

In 1523, the St. Andreas monastery parish placed itself under the protection of Erich I of Calenberg as part of the Hildesheim collegiate feud , because looting by rider Duke Heinrich II took place again and again . Derneburg Monastery - as an exclave of Calenberg - was therefore only reformed in 1543 when the Margravine Elisabeth of Brandenburg , Princess of Calenberg-Göttingen, visited the church.

With the Reformation in the 16th century, the monastery was converted into a Lutheran monastery for virgins, which was owned by the Dukes of Braunschweig until the 17th century . In 1643, after the reestablishment of the Hildesheim diocese in preparation for the Peace of Westphalia , the monastery was re-Catholicized and settled in 1651 as a filiation of Cistercian monks from the Rhenish Abbey of Altenberg . The buildings were destroyed by multiple looting and contributions during the Thirty Years' War; the monks met three old canonesses.

The Cistercians began with brisk building activity and took measures to improve the landscape around the monastery site. With Cistercian hydraulic engineering, they regulated the waters and gained fields and pastureland. From 1735 to 1749 the Cistercians created the baroque monastery church (master builder Johann Daniel Köppel ) and the buildings of the domain. In 1803 the abbey was secularized .

Conversion to a castle

Through secularization, the Prussians dissolved the monastery with 14 monks in 1803 and made it a Prussian state domain. Four years later, French troops occupied the estate and looted it. In 1815, after the Congress of Vienna , Derneburg fell to the Welf Kingdom of Hanover as part of the Hildesheim Monastery . King George III gave the neglected former monastery of Derneburg and its property to the Hanoverian Minister Ernst Graf zu Münster as a thank you for the success of the negotiations at the congress. His son Georg Herbert Graf zu Münster converted the monastery building into a castle from 1846–1848. In the course of renovations and new constructions, the buildings were given an architectural design in the English-Gothic Tudor style , which was unusual in Lower Saxony, but corresponded to the imagination of the Count who grew up in London.

20th century

During the Second World War the castle was a military hospital of the Wehrmacht , after the war it was a hospital of the British Rhine Army . After the war, many displaced persons sought refuge in the castle, so that a refugee camp was established. Around 250 elderly people lived there in an elderly area for five years. The result was the Caritas St. Josef Home , which was relocated to Hildesheim in 1952 because the Count of Münster, who had fled to England, reclaimed his castle rooms.

In 1955 the state of Lower Saxony acquired the property of the castle for the operation of the formerly neighboring castle domain. The castle remained in the possession of the Münster family, who sold it to the artist Georg Baselitz in 1975 after five generations through Peter Graf zu Münster for 300,000 DM . In 2006, the US broker and art collector Andrew J. Hall acquired the property. Afterwards, the castle was merged with the adjoining domain in cooperation with the Schloss Derneburg Museum gGmbH, and the castle and domain were completely renovated in order to serve the Hall Art Foundation as a publicly accessible exhibition area.

Culture and sights

Sights besides Derneburg Castle are the following facilities, which were created under Count Ernst zu Münster with the help of the Hanoverian architect Georg Ludwig Friedrich Laves :

  • Derneburg Tea Temple (1827) (popularly) . Temple-like structure in the ancient Greek style with Doric columns on the Donnerberg as a lookout point for Count Ernst zu Münster with a fireplace room.
  • Laves Bridge (1838). 1992 reconstructed pedestrian bridge over the Nette with the "Lavesbalken", a lens support below. The design enables a delicate bridge when spanning longer distances.
  • Mausoleum of Count Ernst zu Münster (1839). Erected as a steep Egyptian pyramid with a height of 10.51 m. Inside is the von-Münstersche family grave for the client and other family members.
  • Tower ruins near Astenbeck, which used to be part of the line of sight to the tea temple. Today the line of sight is covered by the trees, but the tower can be seen from the B 6 federal highway.

Laves path and glass house

The glass house

Since 1988, the 2.5 km long “Laves Culture Path” laid out by the municipality of Holle has connected the historical buildings and facilities of the architect Georg Ludwig Friedrich Laves . It is a circular route that leads to the Laves Bridge, the mausoleum, the tea house, the fisherman's house and the glass house. Every year around 20,000 visitors come to Derneburg because of the historical sites around the castle and on the Lavespfad.

Another attraction is the glass house that is directly adjacent to Derneburg Castle . The castle's former greenhouse is now a cultural venue.

Landscape park

When Count Ernst Friedrich Herbert zu Münster received the former Derneburg monastery, he had the Hanoverian architect Laves create a landscape garden in the English style around the castle. He endeavored to include meadows and fields as well as buildings, mills and ponds that served the landscape in his romantic design efforts in his native Derneburg.

Derneburg fish ponds

The Mariensee of the Derneburg fish ponds
Fishermen's houses from around 1880

The (1718-1766) at the time of Abbot Gottfried Arnu of Cistercian monks created from the former Derne Burger monastery ponds are part of the nature reserve " Middle Innerstetal with Kanstein ". Since 1955 the ponds belonged to the state domain Derneburg and were also used as fish ponds. When the state domain of Derneburg was dissolved in 2007, the Paul Feindt Foundation for Nature Conservation and Landscape Management bought the ponds, including the Derneburg watermill, from the state of Lower Saxony. Here is the core area of ​​an inland breeding population of the middle sawmill . Other breeding birds are great crested grebes , little grebes , black-necked grebes , gray herons , kingfishers and dippers . The first successful breeding record of a silk singer in Germany took place here in 1975.

politics

Local council election
Wbt .: 67.2% (+ 4.8% p)
 %
90
80
70
60
50
40
30th
20th
10
0
59.9%
(-21.0  % p )
40.1%
(+21.0  % p )
2011

2016


After the municipal elections in Lower Saxony in 2016 , the five seats in the local council are distributed as follows (changes to the 2011 election in brackets ):

  • SPD : 3 seats (−1)
  • CDU : 2 seats (+1)

coat of arms

The crowned "D" of the Derneburg coat of arms is taken from the coat of arms of Abbot Gottfried Arnu, under whose direction the monks of the Cistercian order substantially redesigned the Derneburg monastery in the 18th century.

traffic

The proximity to the motorways 7 and 39 as well as the B 6 and B 444 ensure good transport connections. The Derneburg train station is on the Hildesheim – Goslar line . The part of the Derneburg – Seesen railway line that is still passable is only used as a plant connection. There are bus connections of the regional traffic Hildesheim and the regional bus Braunschweig z. B. to Hildesheim , Bockenem and Seesen .

literature

  • Hans Adolf Schultz : Castles and palaces of the Braunschweiger Land. Braunschweig 1980, ISBN 3-87884-012-8
  • Ernst Andreas Friedrich : The Derneburg near Hildesheim. Pp. 139–141, in: When Stones Could Talk. Volume III, Landbuch-Verlag, Hanover 1995, ISBN 3-7842-0515-1 .
  • Nicolaus Strube: Aesthetic lifestyle based on classic patterns. The Hanoverian State Minister Ernst Friedrich Herbert Graf zu Münster in the light of his art interests. Hannover 1992, ISBN 3-7752-5862-0
  • Nicolaus Strube: The Cistercians in Derneburg (1651–1803). A late filiation of Altenberg. In: Altenberger Blätter 60 (November 2014), pp. 29–36.
  • Heinz-Peter Gerber: The Laves Culture Trail in Holle - Derneburg. ISBN 3-8067-8517-1
  • Heinz-Joachim Tute: Historical gardens in the Hildesheim district. In: Yearbook 1996 of the district of Hildesheim. Pp. 150-152.
  • Rainer Schomann (Ed.), Urs Boeck : Park of the Derneburg Palace in: Historical Gardens in Lower Saxony, catalog for the state exhibition, opening on June 9, 2000 in the foyer of the Lower Saxony state parliament in Hanover . Hannover, 2000, pp. 148-149.

Web links

Commons : Derneburg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Population figures in the districts of the municipality of Holle , accessed on December 27, 2017
  2. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 210 .
  3. Augustiner Choir Women Monastery in Derneburg (GSN: 78). In: Germania Sacra, accessed on December 27, 2014
  4. ^ Nicolaus Strube: The Cistercians in Derneburg (1651-1803). A late filiation of Altenberg. In: Altenberger Blätter 60 (November 2014), pp. 29–36.
  5. The Counts . From: derneburg.de, accessed on June 10, 2017
  6. Anja Lösel: A lock for oil in the star from September 1, 2009, accessed on June 2, 2015
  7. ^ Fish ponds - history , website Derneburg of the municipality of Holle. Retrieved April 13, 2016.
  8. ^ Fish ponds , website Derneburg of the municipality of Holle. Retrieved April 13, 2016.
  9. ^ Website of the municipality of Holle , accessed on October 1, 2016