Georg Ludwig Friedrich Laves

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Stone bust in the lava house

Georg Ludwig Friedrich Laves (born December 17, 1788 in Uslar ; † April 30, 1864 in Hanover ) was a German architect , urban planner and civil engineer who lived and worked in Hanover. As the leading architect of the Kingdom of Hanover , he significantly influenced the urban development of Hanover.

life and work

View of the building erected by Laves as the first villa of his own on the Schwarzen Bären in Linden (far left), later used as a factory, photo taken before 1890
Former home of Laves in Hanover, today Laveshaus

Laves was the youngest son of the Protestant pastor Ernst Friedrich Laves and his wife Ernestine Amalie in Uslar am Solling . His uncle was the master builder Johann Friedrich Laves . After the death of his father, he studied 1804-07 at the Kassel Art Academy , which his uncle Heinrich Christoph Jussow directed. He lived with his uncle and studied 1807-09 at the University of Göttingen . 1809-14 he was Baueleve with the Royal Building Administration in Kassel. In 1814/15 he made study trips to France and Italy and from 1816 to 1851 frequent trips to England .

Employed as a "city planner" in Hanover since 1817, Laves built his first own house between 1819 and 1822; The property for this, located directly on the Ihme Bridge (now named after Benno Ohnesorg ) in Linden and in the “most beautiful village ” in the Kingdom of Hanover at the time , he had bought from the manufacturer Georg Egestorff for a comparatively cheap 600 Thaler on October 3, 1819 . However, Laves only lived in the building until the turn of 1823/24, when he sold it to Egestorff, who then rented it to the Minister of Ompteda .

In 1822 Laves married Wilhelmine Kestner (1803–1855), the daughter of the archivist and banker Georg Kestner and granddaughter of Johann Christian Kestner and Charlotte Buff, who came from a wealthy family . In the same year he had his house on Friedrichswall 5, the Laveshaus , built. It was created on his father-in-law's property, which the daughter received as a dowry into the marriage. He lived with his family on the 3rd floor until the end of his life and rented the two lower floors. The marriage resulted in three sons and a daughter. George became a history painter and stayed in Hanover, especially since his father first built a studio for him in 1852 and shortly afterwards - for the newlyweds - built a family home (Friedrichswall 5a). Carl fell in the battle of Langensalza in 1866 . Ernst died as a twenty-year-old law student, Ernestine at the age of almost fourteen.

Georg Ludwig Friedrich Laves as a portrait medallion on the New Town Hall of Hanover

From 1814 Laves worked as a court architect in Hanover. After being appointed court architect in 1816, court building officer in 1821, Oberhof building officer in 1838, and Oberhof building director in 1852, he was soon the leading architect in the Kingdom of Hanover . The activity lasted almost 50 years. Alongside Karl Friedrich Schinkel (Berlin) and Leo von Klenze (Munich), he was one of the leading representatives of classicism . In 1822 he suggested the establishment of the Royal Building Commission. He was significantly involved in urban planning for Hanover from 1816.

As a civil engineer , he designed the use of cast iron structures. He developed a lens carrier , the "Laves beam", for the construction of wide-span, free-hanging structures. He patented this invention in 1835. It was born out of necessity, as the city council did not allow him to fill in a city moat, which he then bridged with his construction without support. The largest bridge construction with the Laves beam was the Weser Bridge in Rinteln, completed in 1847. It bridged the river in six bays, each with a span of 19 m, and remained in place until 1877. Laves twice took part in architectural competitions without success. He made designs for the exhibition Palace of the Universal Exhibition ( Great Exhibition ) in London in 1851 and for the foreign and the War Office in London in 1856. From the middle of the 19th century lost Laves influence in the design of Hanover. King Georg V appointed Conrad Wilhelm Hase and Christian Heinrich Tramm as successors .

Laves was a member of a Hanoverian Freemason Lodge.

Hoftheater Hannover, floor plan

Merits in Hanover

Laves fulfilled his assignment as a city planner to give Hanover the splendor of a royal seat. His buildings and plans prepared the step from the medieval royal seat to the modern city. Through his city expansion plans, the built-up area doubled during his tenure.

Laves created, integrated into the street system of the Ernst-August-Stadt designed by him and with the approval of his king, in the (today's) city center the large urban spaces Ernst-August-Platz , Opernplatz and Georgsplatz as a “classical sequence of European squares”.

Laves' greatest urban development achievements in Hanover were:

  • Axis planning based on the Baroque model (based on the Leineschloss and continuing in Waterlooplatz , "Lavesachse")
  • since 1830 northeastern expansion of Hanover
  • around 1845 Ernst-August-Platz (name since 1861) conceived as "'outdoor reception room' in the form of a regular, wide pentagon with 5 radiating streets based on designs by GLF Laves and A. Andreae "
  • since 1843 Ernst-August-Stadt (Königstraße, Georgsplatz)
  • from 1828 and around 1850 conception of Goethestrasse and Humboldtstrasse (which could only be realized from 1870 due to the difficult mix of properties and after the last city ditches were filled in)
  • from 1851 as chairman of the building commission and the "road commission" for (today's districts) Linden-Süd and especially Linden-Nord, the "coordination of private road objects and their connection with public traffic routes", which is mainly reflected in the almost geometric road pattern in Linden-Nord is expressed (an absolutist alignment of the streets towards the Welfenschloss and the Georgspalais , however, no longer came about).

Commemoration

Tomb with portrait medallion
Back of the tomb

Laves' grave is in the Engesohde city cemetery in Hanover (the portrait medallion was made by the son George Laves). Two streets in Hanover are named after him: Lavesallee, which not far from his former residence, leads past the Waterloo Column he designed (Laves had the parade ground Waterlooplatz built at its feet ), and Lavesstrasse. Lavesstrasse connects (via Joachimstrasse) Hanover Central Station in an easterly direction with the City-Ring (Berliner Allee). In September 2007, a small town square was designed on Lavesstraße near Warmbüchenstraße, which was named "Lavesplatz".

A street is named after him in his hometown Uslar. In Heinde , a street in the new development area was named "Lavesring" because of the nearby Walshausen estate , which has the architectural signature of Laves. The Laves foyer in the Hanover Opera House is named after him and leads to the Laves balcony.

Works

Architecture (major works)

Garden master's apartment from 1817–20, later library pavilion at Berggarten
Waterlooplatz with military buildings (green) around 1896
Hunting lodge Springe
Laves Bridge in Welfengarten with fish belly girders
Villa Rosa
Grave pyramid near Hämelschenburg Castle

Sculptural works (selection)

  • 1828 grave monument of Charlotte Kestner , whose daughter Wilhelmine Laves married, in the garden cemetery in Hanover; the second design from 1830 with an inscription stone over a square floor plan was realized.

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Georg Ludwig Friedrich Laves  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

References and comments

  1. ^ Marianne Zehnpfennig: GLF Laves, Hanover, Laves I house, formerly Deisterstraße 2, 1819-1821. In: Harold Hammer-Schenk , Günther Kokkelink (Eds.): Laves and Hannover… (see literature), p. 469 ff.
  2. ↑ Note: In the title it said, "1819-21", while the text expressly states: "... the building erected between 1819 and 1822 ...".
  3. ^ Helmut Knocke , Hugo Thielen : 104 Friedrichswall 5 In: Hannover. Art and culture lexicon, handbook and city guide. New edition, 4th updated and expanded edition, to Klampen-Verlag, Springe 2007, p. 113 f.
  4. ^ Günther Kokkelink: Laves, Georg Ludwig Friedrich. In: New German Biography.
  5. ↑ Simon Benne: The work on the rough stone. In: Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung. May 10, 2010, p. 13.
  6. ^ Eva Benz-Rababah : Georgsplatz. In: Stadtlexikon Hannover . P. 214 f.
  7. ^ Eva Benz-Rababah: Ernst-August-Platz. In: Stadtlexikon Hannover. P. 164 f.
  8. ↑ Helmut Knocke : Goethe Bridge. In: Stadtlexikon Hannover . P. 224.
  9. ^ Jost Masson: Workers' houses in Linden. In: Harold Hammer-Schenk, Günther Kokkelink (eds.): Laves and Hannover (see literature), here: p. 115 ff.
  10. ^ Waldemar R. Röhrbein, Ludwig Hoerner : Bella Vista. In: Stadtlexikon Hannover. P.56.
  11. ^ Arnold Nöldeke : Loccumer Hof. In: The art monuments of the province of Hanover. Volume 1, Issue 2, Part 1: Hanover. Self-published by the Provinzialverwaltung, Theodor Schulzes Buchhandlung, 1932 (Neudruck Verlag Wenner, Osnabrück 1979, ISBN 3-87898-151-1 ), pp. 221–224.
  12. ^ Günther Kokkelink: The neo-Gothic Conrad Wilhelm Hases. In: Hannoversche Geschichtsblätter . New series, Volume 22 from 1968, pp. 58 ff.
  13. ↑ Gerd Weiß: Berggarten. In: Hans-Herbert Möller (ed.): Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany, architectural monuments in Lower Saxony, city of Hanover. Part 1, Volume 10.1, ISBN 3-528-06203-7 , p. 207. Herrenhausen
    Annex . In: List of architectural monuments according to § 4 (NDSchG) (except for architectural monuments of the archaeological monument preservation). Status July 1, 1985, City of Hanover, Lower Saxony State Administration Office - Institute for Monument Preservation , p. 15 f.
  14. ↑ Dieter Lange: The mausoleum in the mountain garden. In: Günther Kokkelink, Harold Hammer-Schenk (eds.): Laves and Hannover… (see literature), pp. 186–188.
  15. ↑ Inge Pusch u. a. (Text): The garden cemetery. Free brochure from the City of Hanover, Green Space Office Hanover in cooperation with the Press Office Hanover, December 1997 ( hannover.de PDF, p. 20).
  16. ^ Bettina Maria Brosowsky: Memory of the influential court building administrator. In: The daily newspaper . February 22, 2014.
personal data
SURNAME Laves, Georg Ludwig Friedrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German architect, urban planner and civil engineer
DATE OF BIRTH December 17, 1788
PLACE OF BIRTH Uslar
DATE OF DEATH April 30, 1864
Place of death Hanover